scholarly journals Diversity of Seahorse Species (Hippocampus spp.) in the International Aquarium Trade

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Sasha Koning ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
New Species ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Aquarium Trade ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
History Of

Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) are threatened as a result of habitat degradation and overfishing. They have commercial value as traditional medicine, curio objects, and pets in the aquarium industry. There are 48 valid species, 27 of which are represented in the international aquarium trade. Most species in the aquarium industry are relatively large and were described early in the history of seahorse taxonomy. In 2002, seahorses became the first marine fishes for which the international trade became regulated by CITES (Convention for the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), with implementation in 2004. Since then, aquaculture has been developed to improve the sustainability of the seahorse trade. This review provides analyses of the roles of wild-caught and cultured individuals in the international aquarium trade of various Hippocampus species for the period 1997–2018. For all species, trade numbers declined after 2011. The proportion of cultured seahorses in the aquarium trade increased rapidly after their listing in CITES, although the industry is still struggling to produce large numbers of young in a cost-effective way, and its economic viability is technically challenging in terms of diet and disease. Whether seahorse aquaculture can benefit wild populations will largely depend on its capacity to provide an alternative livelihood for subsistence fishers in the source countries. For most species, CITES trade records of live animals in the aquarium industry started a few years earlier than those of dead bodies in the traditional medicine trade, despite the latter being 15 times higher in number. The use of DNA analysis in the species identification of seahorses has predominantly been applied to animals in the traditional medicine market, but not to the aquarium trade. Genetic tools have already been used in the description of new species and will also help to discover new species and in various other kinds of applications.

A new species and new records ofMagelona(Annelida: Magelonidae) from Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman, South-eastern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1552
Author(s):  
Arash Shakouri ◽  
Kate Mortimer ◽  
Esmaeil Dehani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
Chabahar Bay ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Iranian Coast ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The infauna of Chabahar Bay (Iranian Coast of the Gulf of Oman) was investigated using shallow water (less than 10 m) grab-samples between June 2013 and March 2014. The magelonid fauna of these samples was studied and prioritized, with four species being present:M. fauchaldisp. nov.,M. symmetrica, M.cf.cinctaandM. crenulifrons. The new species differs from all known magelonid species within the Persian Gulf region in possessing polydentate abdominal hooks. A fifth species, currently undescribed, was also found. The validity ofM. pulchellaoriginally described from Kuwait is discussed in light of its closeness toM. crenulifrons. The main distinguishing feature between the two species is the presence or absence of crenulation of the anterior prostomial margin, a character shown to be variable inM. crenulifrons. Although differences between the type specimens of both species suggestsM. pulchellato be a valid species, examination of further material and DNA analysis is needed.

Two new species of freshwater sponges from Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4728 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
ULISSES PINHEIRO ◽  
LUDIMILA CALHEIRA ◽  
CELINA MARTINS ◽  
LIESL JANSON ◽  
RICKY TAYLOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Freshwater Sponges ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History

Geographic distributions of freshwater sponges are related to the geological and climatic history of the continents, on the presence of gemmules and the morphological complexity of this resistant body to withstand change. Gemmules are characteristic of the freshwater Families Spongillidae, Metaniidae and Potamolepidae. However, Acanthotylotra alvarengai, Echinospongilla brichardi and a number of other species within the genus Potamolepis do not produce gemmules. Potamolepis is endemic to the Afrotropical region with seven valid species. African freshwater sponges however, are mostly known from a single specimen (the holotype), due to the scarcity of material from these freshwater systems. In the present study, we describe two new species of non-gemmule bearing freshwater sponges from the Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions.  

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Parastagmatoptera Saussure, 1871 (Dictyoptera, Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae) with a biogeographic comment

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Rita Umbriaco ◽  
Salvatrice Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previously Treated

A full taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genusParastagmatopteraSaussure is presented, including the description of two new species:Parastagmatoptera bororoisp.n. andParastagmatoptera sottileisp.n.The following species are synonyms:Parastagmatoptera tessellataSaussure & Zehntnersyn.n.(male nec female) andParastagmatoptera hoorieCaudellsyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera flavoguttata(Serville);Parastagmatoptera confusaG.-Tossyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera pellucidaG.-Tos;Parastagmatoptera tessellataSaussure & Zehntnersyn.n.(female nec male),Parastagmatoptera serricornisKirbysyn.n.andParastagmatoptera vitrepennisBrunersyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera unipunctata(Burmeister);Parastagmatoptera concolorJantschsyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera theresopolitanaG.-Tos.Parastagmatoptera vitreola(Stål), previously treated as a synonym ofParastagmatoptera flavoguttatais returned to species status;P. flavoguttata var. immaculataChopard is recognized as a valid species.Parastagmatoptera amazonicaWerner andParastagmatoptera glauca(Rehn) are transferred to the subfamily Photinainae. In total, nine species are recognized, each of which is presented with a diagnosis, a full description, assessments, distribution data and a comprehensive bibliography. A taxonomic history of the genus and its species is provided. A key to allParastagmatopteraspecies is included and each is fully illustrated. Comments about the biogeography ofParastagmatopteraare also presented.

Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator) remain common in Peninsular Malaysia, despite intense harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Khadiejah ◽  
Norazlinda Razak ◽  
Georgia Ward-Fear ◽  
Richard Shine ◽  
Daniel J. D. Natusch
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Asian Water

Context Each year, between 50000 and 120000 Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator, to >2 m total length) are harvested from the wild in Peninsular Malaysia for their skins. Under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), international trade is allowable only if it is sustainable. Aims To assess the sustainability of Malaysia’s harvest of water monitors by quantifying the abundance and demography of V. salvator in the wild, and to develop cost-effective methods for estimating the parameters needed to evaluate sustainability. Methods We conducted trapping surveys to determine the abundance, population demography and density of V. salvator in four habitat types in five states in Peninsular Malaysia in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2018. Key results Of 1025 lizards captured, only 63% (mostly females) were within the preferred body-size range exploited for commercial trade. Densities were high (37–372 lizards km–2 based on estimated population sizes; 1–35 lizards km–2 based on number of animals captured). Anthropogenic habitats (e.g. oil palm plantations) contained denser populations of monitors than did natural habitats where no hunting occurs, but mean body sizes were smaller. Conclusions Despite intensive harvesting for many decades, V. salvator remains abundant and widespread. Harvesting alters the demographic structure of lizard populations, but harvests of V. salvator in Malaysia are likely to be sustainable because a significant proportion of the population is not exploited. Implications Ongoing monitoring is required to continually reassess harvest sustainability. For this purpose, relatively simple population approaches, such as line-trapping transects to elucidate relative abundances, can provide important data on the makeup of hunted populations of water monitors more cost-effectively than can mark–recapture studies for assessments of sustainable use of these economically important lizards.

Lone Star Pterosaurs

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Andres ◽  
Timothy S. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Us States ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThe state of Texas has one of the greatest records of pterosaurs in the world, surpassing all other US states and most countries in the number of occurrences. Uniquely, this record extends over the entire 150+ million history of the Pterosauria. A review of this pterosaur record confirms at least 30 pterosaurs known from 13 occurrences, including five valid species. The holotypes of two of these species have been described before and are diagnosed and erected here as the new speciesRadiodactylus langstoni, gen. et sp. nov., named in honour of Dr. Wann Langston Jr, the father of Texas pterosaurology, andAlamodactylus byrdi, gen. et sp. nov.. Phylogenetic analysis of all Texas pterosaurs that can be coded for more than one character confirms that these species are distinct from others and occupy phylogenetic positions close to their original classifications.Radiodactylus langstoniis recovered as a non-azhdarchid azhdarchoid,Quetzalcoatlus northropias an azhdarchid,Alamodactylus byrdias a non-pteranodontoid pteranodontian,Aetodactylusas a pteranodontoid, andColoborhynchus wadleighias an ornithocheirid. The presence of eudimorphodontid, dsungaripterid, as well as other azhdarchid and pteranodontoid pterosaurs, is also confirmed in Texas.

scholarly journals Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Nadiezhda Santodomingo ◽  
Leontine E. Becking
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Marine Lakes ◽  
History Of

Paratetillabacca (Selenka, 1867) and Cinachyrellaaustraliensis (Carter, 1886) occur in a broad range of marine environments and are allegedly widely distributed species in the Indo-Pacific. We coin the term ‘moon sponges’ for these species as they are spherical in shape with numerous porocalices resembling the lunar surface. Both species have a complex taxonomic history with high synonymization, in particular by Burton (1934, 1959). An examination of the junior synonyms proposed by Burton (1934, 1959) was conducted to establish the validity of the names. More than 230 specimens from Naturalis Biodiversity Center were reviewed that belong to the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella from marine lakes, coral reefs, and mangroves in Indonesia. The aim of the current study was to untangle the taxonomic history, describe the collection of moon sponges from Indonesia, and develop a key. We extensively reviewed the taxonomic literature as well as holotypes of most of the species synonymized by Burton. The taxonomic history of Paratetilla spp. and Cinachyrellaaustraliensis showed some cases of misinterpreted synonyms, misidentifications, and lack of detailed descriptions for some species. The conclusion of the revision is that there are three valid species of Paratetilla (P.arcifera, P.bacca, and P.corrugata) and four valid species of Cinachyrella (C.australiensis, C.porosa, C.paterifera, and C.schulzei) in Indonesia. This is furthermore corroborated by molecular work from previous studies. ParatetillaarciferaWilson 1925 and C.porosa (Lendenfeld, 1888) are resurrected. A full review of taxonomic history is provided as well as a key for identification of moon sponges from Indonesia. All species are sympatric and we expect that there are undescribed species remaining within the Tetillidae from the Indo-Pacific. Our current review provides the framework from which to describe new species in the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella from the Indo-Pacific.

scholarly journals Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Constant
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
One New Species

The species group effusus of the genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839 is reviewed and the nomenclatural history of the genus Pyrops is briefly summarized. One new species from eastern Borneo, Pyrops synavei sp. nov., is described. P. gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994) stat. nov. is proposed as a valid species instead of a subspecies of P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889). P. maquilinganus (Baker, 1925) is removed from the effusus group and placed back into the candelaria group. P. cyanirostris (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) is removed from the group and not attributed to any of the currently defined species groups. An illustrated key to the species of the group with the addition of P. intricatus (Walker, 1857) and a distribution map are given. The effusus group is restricted to Borneo and adjacent Laut Island and presently contains 4 species: P. effusus (Distant, 1891), P. gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994) stat.nov., P. synavei sp. nov. and P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889). Trophobiosis observations with the gecko Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1835) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and two species of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattodea), one Dorylaea sp. and an unidentified species of Pseudophyllodromiinae, are reported and illustrated for P. whiteheadi; observation with a cockroach, Dorylaea sp., is reported for P. intricatus.

scholarly journals Rare and endangered species of invertebrate animals of Mongolia: Current status, threats and measures of protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Based on the information provided in the 2nd and 3rd editions of the Red Book of Mongolia, the current state of the rare and endangered species of mollusks, crustaceans and insects of Mongolia and the threat to their existence are analyzed: water pollution and accidental catch during fishing (for aquatic species); degradation of habitats (haying, draining of swamps); overgrazing; collecting. The effectiveness of protection measures has been identified: the habitats of some species are included in the boundaries of specially protected natural territories; some species are listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora which will establish strict control over the international trade of rare and endangered species of invertebrates in Mongolia. It is indicated that the conservation of certain species of mollusks, crustaceans and insects requires additional and more specific measures: prevention of habitat degradation, including overgrazing and pollution of water bodies; a ban on collecting; conducting research to identify the concentration of populations, as well as assess the resources of food plants.

Taxonomy and natural history of 18 Ropalidia species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Madagascar

2012 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo H.M. Blommers
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Notes

Eighteen species of Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1831 of Madagascar are treated, viz. those of which females and males were found together on one or more nests in the 1970s. The main purpose is to define the species by male and female characters since the latter alone are insufficient to distinguish closely related species. Ten new species are described: R. cocoscola, R. cauponae, R. merina, R. mysterica, R. favulorum, R. kojimai, R. rosae, R. cincinnata, R. perplexa and R. linearecta. R. flavoviridis Kojima, 1998 is a valid species, not a synonym of R. dubia (de Saussure, 1853). Seven species are redescribed with emphasis on male characters: R. shestakowi (von Schulthess, 1931), R. grandidieri (de Saussure, 1890), R. variabilis (de Saussure, 1890), R. phalansterica (de Saussure, 1853), R. carinata (de Saussure, 1890), R. dubia (de Saussure, 1853) and R. fraterna (de Saussure, 1900). Field notes on shape and location of nests are summarized and numbers of foundresses and subdominant females, as far as determined by dissection, reported. Various eulophid and tachinid parasitoids emerged from the nests; an attack by the ichneumonid Hemipimpla pulchripennis (de Saussure, 1890) is described.

scholarly journals Exploring Challenges of Health System in Iranian Traditional Medicine: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziye Hadian ◽  
Alireza Jabbari ◽  
Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health System ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND፡ Traditional medicine is a complete system, including diagnostic methods, etiology and treatment based on interpersonal differences. Owing to a lack of investigations in the field of Iranian traditional medicine as well as its many present challenges, certain studies in this area can prove quite practical in identifying and solving ongoing challenges. This study investigates the challenges of the health system in Iranian traditional medicine in the context of control levers.METHODS: The study was qualitative content analysis. A framework analysis, "Control Knob Approach", was considered appropriate to promote apprehension of challenges of health systems in Iranian traditional medicine. Data were collected by purposeful sampling through in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 35 experts of Iranian traditional medicine. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data, which extracted the initial codes after performing the recorded interviews on paper and immersing them in the data analysis.RESULTS: Upon analysis of data by Iranian medicine experts, five main categories including financing, payment system, regulations, behavior and organization were defined alongside 13 subcategories.CONCLUSION: According to current challenges and the tendency of society to receive traditional medicine services, as well as the long history of traditional medicine in Iran, fair access to traditional medicine services should be provided. This access must be through the production of indigenous knowledge and the formulation of regulatory and educational policies and guidelines and the empowerment of relevant, healthy, effective, evidencebased and cost-effective forces.

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