scholarly journals Exploring Genetic Variability among and within Hail Tomato Landraces Based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Gene Bank Accession

Landraces are valuable sources of genetic characteristics, which are of plant breeders’ interest to include in breeding programs for crop improvement. We assess the inter- and intra-genetic variability among 96 accessions representing three Hail tomato landrace using DNA-based marker sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Seven SRAP primer combinations generated 55 alleles with a polymorphism of 100%, and an average of 7.86 polymorphic alleles per pair of primers. All primers showed an average of 0.68 polymorphic information content (PIC) value and discrimination power (DP) of 14.29. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed the clustering produced via the UPGMA similarity dendrogram allowed for the grouping of the 96 accessions according to its gene bank accession numbers and showed relatively good separation between landraces. A similarity value ranged from 0.04 to 1.0 among accessions of Hail 747, 0.05 to 1.0 in Hail 1072, and from 0.16 to 0.92 in Hail 548. These results showed the landraces harbor a wide range of genetic diversity at both inter and intra-variation levels. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation was because of differences within populations (87%). Tomato Hail landraces have well-differentiated genetic populations and admixtures, where Hail 747 formed their separate group, and both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 were admixed, and some accessions showed more diversity pattern. We have to take the SRAP technique’s effectiveness in the study of genetic variability among and within landraces into consideration in the tomato-breeding programs through marker-assessed selection.

LIMITATIONS TO THE USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN PLANT BREEDING

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. MAHON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
Genetic Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Physiological Characters

The possibility that breeding programs may be reaching a point of limited progress because of the lack of genetic diversity has often been raised. However, there is also an often-expressed feeling that considerable genetic variability may exist in fundamental physiological processes. In this review, an attempt is made to examine whether there is evidence of genetic variability in quantitative physiological characters, and if so, whether such variability is likely to be useful to crop improvement programs. The results, presented from the literature and the author’s laboratory, indicate that physiological characters demonstrate considerable genotypic variability in expression. Moreover, in cases where genotype performance has been studied over a range of environments or where crossing studies have been carried out, physiological characters often have relatively high heritabilities. This suggests that, at least from a genetic standpoint, improvements in the expression of physiological processes may be possible. On the other hand, the problems of environmental sensitivity and its resultant error variability, combined with cumbersome methodology and complex physiological interactions, make it difficult to relate individual physiological characters to agronomic benefits, and make large genetic studies difficult. The exploitation of physiological diversity remains a major challenge to plant scientists.Key words: Genetic heritability, physiology of yield

scholarly journals Variability and genetic structure of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) in Colombia using microsatellite DNA markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ocampo ◽  
Natali Acosta-Barón ◽  
Javier Hernández-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Colombia is one of the leading producers of yellow passion fruit but the genetic studies based on molecular markers from commercial plantations have not been considered to select interesting market material. The goal of this study was to assess the genetic variability and the population structure of 51 Colombian commercial yellow passion fruit accessions (102 individuals), and to provide the necessary information for prospective selection and breeding programs. Thus, a total of six microsatellites were amplified with 58 alleles identified and an average of 9.66 alleles per locus, including nine private and 31 rare. Diversity indexes showed polymorphic information content values of 0.74 (PIC), an observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity average of 0.52 and 0.78, respectively. Spatial distribution showed the greatest allelic richness (11 to 14) in most of the Valle del Cauca accessions. The average genetic distance among accessions was 0.68, and the cluster analysis showed three main groups poorly supported (bootstrap <50%), with slight geographical structure and high differentiation between individuals of the same accession. Structure analysis indicated K=4 as the genetic structure's uppermost hierarchical level, while Bayesian clustering showed a division of individuals into four genetically distinct groups. The low geographic structure and high variability of the accessions could be explained by allogamy and seed exchange frequency among farmers. Results issued suggest a complementary agro-morphological assessment to establish total genetic variability and implement a breeding program through assisted selection of superior genotypes in search of more productive and resistant cultivars to phytosanitary problems.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Passiflora spp. from commercial fields in the Federal District, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Gomes de Castro ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
Kenia Gracielle da Fonseca ◽  
Marina de Fátima Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

This study aimed to characterize the genetic variability in commercial accessions of passion fruit from the Federal District, Brazil, by RAPD markers. Genetic analyses were done with leaf samples of 30 accessions. DNA samples were amplified by RAPD technique, and respective markers converted into a binary matrix, from which the genetic distances between the accessions were estimated. Clustering analyis based on genetic distances allowed to detect a wide range of genetic variabillity among the accessions of sour passion fruit, and to separate them from the two sweet passion fruit. The graphical positioning of 'BRS Ouro Vermelho' confirms its potential to improve the genetic variability of commercial varieties of sour passion fruit. Dispersal of genetic distances among commercial accessions of sour passion fruit supports evidence for different genetic origins of the materials planted in the Federal District. The verified genetic variability indicates the potential success of future breeding programs for this region.

scholarly journals DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversities in some Bangladeshi aus rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
HA Begum ◽  
MS Ali ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
S Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chord Distance ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

The allelic diversity and relationship among 120 Aus rice landraces were determined through DNA fingerprinting using microsatellite (SSR) markers. A total of 85 SSR markers were used to characterize and discriminate all tested Aus rice genotypes, 45 of which were polymorphic for different chromosome numbers. The number of alleles per locus varied from 6 alleles (RM484 and RM541) to 30 alleles (RM519) with an average of 13 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied ranged from 0.5211 (RM536) to 0.9369 (RM519) with an average 0.8217. The highest PIC value (0.9369) was obtained for RM519 followed by RM286 (0.9357). The genetic distance-based results seen in the unrooted neighbor-joining tree clustering revealed nine genetic groups. Being grouped into distant clusters and with highest genetic distance, eleven genotypes viz., Atithi dhan, Kadar chap, Pankiraj, Japanese-7, Jamri saity, Logi jota, Joba, Lada moni, Manik Mondal-2, Boilum and Brmulka-2 could be selected as potential parents for crop improvement for their distinctive characters. Panchash and Parija had closest distance in the SSR based CS-Chord distance (0.000) might have same genetic background. The highest genetic dissimilarity (1.000) was found among the nineteen Aus genotypes combinations followed by the second highest (0.9778) among 94 Aus rice combinations. Whereas lowest genetic dissimilarity was found between Kala and Kalo Hizli (0.1778) followed by Holat and Holae (0.2667). This information will be useful in the selection of diverse parents, background selection during backcross breeding programs and assist in broadening germplasm-based rice breeding programs in the near future.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 123-137 (2017)

scholarly journals Genetic variability of microsatellites in autochthonous Podolian cattle breeds in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Keros ◽  
Lorena Jemeršić ◽  
Jelena Prpić ◽  
Miroslav Benić ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

The aim of the study was to analyse the status of the genetic structure of two autochthonous Croatian Podolian breeds (Istrian cattle and Slavonian Syrmian Podolians). The study comprised 20 randomly selected blood samples of each cattle breed. The genotyping was performed on 11 microsatellites (TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA23, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824) as recommended by International Society of Animal Genetics and Food and Agriculture Organization. The procedure enabled the identification of 423 (96.14%) genotypes, indicating the validity of DNA analyses in blood samples and adequacy of the selected microsatellite markers. Likewise, there was the total number of 203 alleles with minimal differences among the studied groups. The differences (p > 0.05) were observed within the genotypes of the studied groups regarding the microsatellite loci. The distribution of the genetic relationship was presented by Wright F coefficients. The FIS had negative values for the TGLA 227 locus in both studied groups and for ETH3, ETH225 and BM1834 loci in the Slavonian Syrmian Podolians. This obtained data with relative high values of heterozygosity also shows a genetical influence of other breeds. Almost all FIT values were appropriate (0.31905) as a result of excessive selection effects. The mean value of FST (0.07336) indicates that the average degree of genetic variability of the studied breeds was not significantly different despite certain differences in individual loci. The observed specific polymorphism of loci shows that the Istrian cattle and the Slavonian Syrmian Podolians have similar genetic characteristics, but also that there are certain differences between the breeds and even inter-breed differences. The findings indicate a relationship between the breeds and their suitable purity for interbreeding but they also indicate certain danger to certain parts of genome within the studied species. The results can be applied in the protection and breeding programs for the preservation of autochtonous Croatian Podolian breeds.

scholarly journals Implementation of a limited set of SSR markers for screening of genetic variability in Latvian and Swedish sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genetic resources collections

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Gunārs Lācis ◽  
Isaak Rashal ◽  
Viktor Trajkovski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Ssr Loci

Implementation of a limited set of SSR markers for screening of genetic variability in Latvian and Swedish sour cherry (Prunus cerasusL.) genetic resources collectionsForty-one sour cherry (Prunus cerasusL.) accessions were evaluated using three SSR markers to characterise genetic diversity in the sour cherry genetic resource collections at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing (LIFG), Dobele, Latvia and the Division of Horticultural Genetics and Plant Breeding at Balsgård, Department of Crop Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU-Balsgård), Sweden, and to test the usability and reliability of a small set of SSR markers for preliminary characterisation of sour cherry germplasm collections. The SSR loci were highly polymorphic with 7-14 alleles per locus. Heterozygosity and Polymorphic Information Content values ranged from 0.750 to 1.000 and 0.748-0.899, respectively, while discrimination power per locus varied from 0.716 to 0.965. Five to thirty genotypes were found in the sour cherry collections for the three tested SSR loci. The combined discrimination power of all loci was effectively 0.994 and 0.999 for the LIFG and SLU-Balsgård collections, respectively. The SSRs used were able to uniquely identify all accessions in the analysed genetic resources collections. The genotype data allowed estimation of genetic diversity and genetic characterisation of accessions in the collections. Genetic similarity analysis showed higher genetic similarity among the Baltic and Scandinavian sour cherry varieties, than between Baltic and Eastern European varieties.

Do invading species have definable genedc characteristics?

1986 ◽  
Vol 314 (1167) ◽  
pp. 655-674 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invading Species ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Colonizing Ability

The search for general answers to this question dates at least from the seminal conference at Asilomar in 1964. It has included comparative surveys of a wide range of taxa, investigations within congeneric groups of why some species are successful invaders and others are not, and, at the intraspecific level, comparisons of genetic variability in colonist versus source populations. The relevant data are reviewed. They suggest that successful invading species have genetic characteristics (defined here as the set of attributes that collectively determine the form in which, and frequency with which, genetic information is passed from one generation to the next), which need only be sufficiently protean to ensure rapid expansion in the new environment. Generalizations attempting to relate colonizing ability to polyploidy, to levels of genetic variability, heterozygosity, or phenotypic plasticity, or to mating system types, ignore the interaction in individuals of these components of the genetic system, and rarely consider chromosomal and genic controls of recombination. The poor predictive power of such generalizations is emphasized by considering invaders into the British flora, which are drawn from a wide spectrum of families and life forms. They include only a few ‘colonizing species’, those that habitually invade and occupy transient habitats and from which most models of invaders have been derived. Analysis of the origin and spread of Spartina anglica emphasizes that serendipity is often an important element in successful invasions. Studies of the genetic consequences of invading, especially those that take an experimental approach, are more likely to throw light on current problems in evolutionary theory than those that analyse the shared attributes of past invaders.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Brazilian triticales evaluated with genomic wheat microsatellites

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Tesser da Costa ◽  
Ana Christina Sagebin Albuquerque ◽  
Alfredo do Nascimento Junior ◽  
Francismar Correa Marcelino ◽  
Jorge Fernando Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genomic Microsatellites ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability available for triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) crop improvement in Brazil. Forty-two wheat genomic microsatellites were used to estimate the molecular diversity of 54 genotypes, which constitute the base of one of the major triticale breeding programs in the country. Average heterozygosity was 0.06 and average and effective number of alleles per locus were 2.13 and 1.61, respectively, with average allelic frequency of 0.34. The set of genomic wheat microsatellites used clustered the genotypes into seven groups, even when the germplasm was originated primarily from only two triticale breeding programs, a fact reflected on the average polymorphic information content value estimated for the germplasm (0.36). The 71.42% transferability achieved for the tested microsatellites indicates the possibility of exploiting these transferable markers in further triticale genetic and breeding studies, even those mapped on the D genome of wheat, when analyzing hexaploid triticales.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Isolates of Ramulispora sorghi From Cáceres-MT, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
A. V. M. Duarte ◽  
C. L. Correa ◽  
M. A. A. Barelli ◽  
B. W. Zago ◽  
N. L. Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Average Value

Among the most produced cereals worldwide, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), presents low productivity in Brazil, mainly due to the occurrence of diseases, with a prominence of sooty stripe, caused by the fungus Ramulispora sorghi, until then considered a secondary disease, has increased its incidence and severity, especially in conditions of high humidity and temperature. The most efficient means of control is the use of resistant cultivars, in this sense, studies on the genetic variability of the fungus through molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding programs of sorghum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability in isolates of Ramulispora sorghi belonging to the mycoteca of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources &amp; Biotechnology of the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, campus of C&aacute;ceres, via molecular markers of the ISSR type. The results indicate the existence of genetic variability among the isolates of R. sorghi. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) showed that the primers were classified as medium informational with an average value of 0.27. 71 polymorphic fragments were formed considering the 40 isolates of R. sorghi, which presented the value of k = 2, represent the differentiation of the isolates into two distinct clusters. The genetic dissimilarity measures were estimated by the Coefficient of Nei and Li, where the combination between the isolates B107/16 (15) and B103/15 (16) obtained the smallest magnitude (0,12) and the combinations between isolates B111/16 (2) and S114/15 (33), S316/15 (3) and S114/15 (33), B115/16 (4) and S114/15 (33), B118/16 (6) and S114/15 (33) were more dissimilar (1,00). The &ldquo;UPGMA&rdquo; method provided a breakdown of the 40 isolates into 4 distinct groups. The Cophenetic Correlaction Coefficient (CCC) presented significant value with r = 0,84. The Tocher&rsquo;s optimization method allowed the 40 isolates to be distributed in 10 different groups. These results provide relevant information on the genetic variability among the 40 isolates of R. sorghi analyzed. In addition, they indicate that fungus have a wide genetic diversity, and have been recurring in different regions of Brazil and the world, and thus, larger studies become essential for more effective control measures.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and genome-wide association analysis of flavor and texture in cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bassett ◽  
Kelvin Kamfwa ◽  
Daniel Ambachew ◽  
Karen Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
White Bean ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
End Use

Abstract Key message Cooked bean flavor and texture vary within and across 20 Andean seed types; SNPs are significantly associated with total flavor, beany, earthy, starchy, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Abstract Common dry beans are a nutritious food recognized as a staple globally, but their consumption is low in the USA. Improving bean flavor and texture through breeding has the potential to improve consumer acceptance and suitability for new end-use products. Little is known about genetic variability and inheritance of bean sensory characteristics. A total of 430 genotypes of the Andean Diversity Panel representing twenty seed types were grown in three locations, and cooked seeds were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for flavor and texture attribute intensities, including total flavor, beany, vegetative, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Extensive variation in sensory attributes was found across and within seed types. A set of genotypes was identified that exhibit extreme attribute intensities generally stable across all three environments. seed-coat perception and total flavor intensity had the highest broad-sense heritability (0.39 and 0.38, respectively), while earthy and vegetative intensities exhibited the lowest (0.14 and 0.15, respectively). Starchy and sweet flavors were positively correlated and highest in white bean genotypes according to principal component analysis. SNPs associated with total flavor intensity (six SNPs across three chromosomes), beany (five SNPs across four chromosomes), earthy (three SNPs across two chromosomes), starchy (one SNP), bitter (one SNP), seed-coat perception (three SNPs across two chromosomes), and cotyledon texture (two SNPs across two chromosomes) were detected. These findings lay a foundation for incorporating flavor and texture in breeding programs for the development of new varieties that entice growers, consumers, and product developers alike.

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