scholarly journals Assessing Assemblage Composition of Reproductively Mature Resource Fishes at a Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Weible ◽  
Ku‘ulei S. Rodgers ◽  
Alan M. Friedlander ◽  
Cynthia L. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Subsistence Fishing ◽  
Fishing Area

Nearshore fisheries in Hawai‘i have been steadily decreasing for over a century. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been utilized as a method to both conserve biodiversity and enhance fisheries. The composition of resource fishes within and directly outside of the recently established Hā‘ena Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA) on the island of Kaua‘i were assessed to determine temporal and spatial patterns in assemblage structure. In situ visual surveys of fishes, invertebrates, and benthos were conducted using a stratified random sampling design to evaluate the efficacy of the MPA between 2016 and 2020. L50 values—defined as the size at which half of the individuals in a population have reached reproductive maturity—were used as proxies for identifying reproductively mature resource fishes both inside and outside the CBSFA. Surveys between 2016 and 2020 did not indicate strong temporal or spatial changes in overall resource fish assemblage structure; however, some species-specific changes were evident. Although overall resource species diversity and richness were significantly higher by 2020 inside the MPA boundaries, there is currently no strong evidence for a reserve effect.

In situ effects of human disturbances on coral reef-fish assemblage structure: temporary and persisting changes are reflected as a result of intensive tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Albuquerque ◽  
Miguel Loiola ◽  
José de Anchieta C. C. Nunes ◽  
José Amorim Reis-Filho ◽  
Cláudio L. S. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Behavioural Changes

Non-lethal human disturbances are often drivers of change in animal population and community structure. To gauge their severity, short-term behaviour (e.g. avoidance and habituation) has been argued to be a sensitive measure. However, many of these behavioural changes may occur only if disturbance-free habitat is readily accessible. In coral-reef fish, we tested whether human disturbances from intensive (i.e. loud music, swimming, snorkelling, splashing and fish feeding by numerous visitors) tourist visitations resulted in assemblage structure shifts led by short-term behaviour. We monitored fish assemblage before, during and after tourist visitations to monitor changes associated with behaviour. Additionally, we monitored two adjacent reefs not visited by tourists because of difficult approach by boat. We posited that if short-term benefits of relocating to disturbance-free habitat outweigh the costs of tolerating disturbances, fish assemblage structure should shift along with tourist visitation levels. By contrast, if sensitive species are unable or unwilling to relocate, we predicted greater levels of assemblage heterogeneity between the visited and control reefs. Our results showed that in situ human visitations led to significant shifts in assemblage structure, resulting from short-term behavioural changes. Additionally, we showed significant between-reefs differences, whereby control reefs were characterised by higher species richness, larger fish sizes and variations in relative trophic guild prevalence. Our results suggest that short-term relocations to adjacent disturbance-free reefs may not mitigate the effects of human disturbances.

Changes in fish assemblage structure after implementation of Marine Protected Areas in the south western coast of Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu José Pereira ◽  
Joana Manique ◽  
Bernardo Ruivo Quintella ◽  
Nuno Castro ◽  
Pedro Raposo de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
The South

Species-diagnostic and species-specific DNA sequences evenly distributed throughout pine and spruce chromosomes

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Mehes-Smith ◽  
Paul Michael ◽  
Kabwe Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Specific Sequences

Genome organization in the family Pinaceae is complex and largely unknown. The main purpose of the present study was to develop and physically map species-diagnostic and species-specific molecular markers in pine and spruce. Five RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and one ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) species-diagnostic or species-specific markers for Picea mariana , Picea rubens , Pinus strobus , or Pinus monticola were identified, cloned, and sequenced. In situ hybridization of these sequences to spruce and pine chromosomes showed the sequences to be present in high copy number and evenly distributed throughout the genome. The analysis of centromeric and telomeric regions revealed the absence of significant clustering of species-diagnostic and species-specific sequences in all the chromosomes of the four species studied. Both RAPD and ISSR markers showed similar patterns.

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