scholarly journals Microzooplankton Communities in a Changing Ocean: A Risk Assessment

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
M. Celeste López-Abbate
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
The Individual

Microzooplankton communities are fundamental components of marine food webs and have the potential to impact the functioning of carbon pumps. The identification of common responses of microzooplankton to global change has been challenging due to their plasticity and complex community-level interactions. However, accumulating research is providing new insights on the vulnerability of this group to different climate and other human-related hazards. Here, the current and future risk levels of microzooplankton associated with global change are assessed by identifying prevailing hazards, exposure, sensitivity, natural adaptability, and observed impacts based on available evidence. Most documented hazards for the survival and yield of microzooplankton are ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and coastal eutrophication. Overall, heterotrophic protists are expected to respond and adapt rapidly to global trends. Fast growing, mixotrophy, wide internal stoichiometry, and their capacity to track optimal environmental conditions by changing species’ range distribution are among the most important traits that shape their high adaptability to global change. Community-level responses to warming, however, are predicted to be amplified in polar and subpolar regions. At the individual level, the highest risk is associated with the sensitivity to deoxygenation since microzooplankton, especially ciliates, are known to reduce metabolic rates under hypoxic episodes; however, vulnerable species can be readily replaced by specialized taxa from a similar functional type. Microzooplankton seem to act as functional buffers of environmental threats, thus conferring stability, in terms of community connectedness to marine food webs and ecosystems against external disturbances.

scholarly journals Global change in the trophic functioning of marine food webs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0182826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Maureaud ◽  
Didier Gascuel ◽  
Mathieu Colléter ◽  
Maria L. D. Palomares ◽  
Hubert Du Pontavice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food

Weaving marine food webs from end to end under global change

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coleen L. Moloney ◽  
Michael A. St John ◽  
Kenneth L. Denman ◽  
David M. Karl ◽  
Friedrich W. Köster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
End To End

scholarly journals Less than one-fifth of the mothers practised exclusive breastfeeding in the emerging regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Gebremedhin ◽  
Demiss Mulatu Geberu ◽  
Asmamaw Atnafu
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Coverage

Abstract Background The burden of low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a significant impact on the health of a newborn and also on the family and social economy in the long term. Even though the prevalence of EBF practices in Ethiopia is low, the practices in the pastoral communities, in particular, are significantly low and affected by individual and community-level factors. Besides, its adverse outcomes are mostly unrecognised. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the individual and community-level factors of low coverage of EBF practices in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. Methods In this analysis, data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was used to identify 1406 children aged 0 to 23 months in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the individual and community level factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices. In the final model, variables with a p-value of < 0.05 and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were found to be statistically significant factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding practices. Results Overall, 17.6% (95% CI: 15.6–19.6) of the children aged 0 to 23 months have received exclusive breastfeeding. Employed mothers (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21–0.53), richer household wealth status (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16–0.96), mothers undecided to have more children (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.21–4.29), a child with a history of diarrhoea (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16–0.61) were the individual-level factors, whereas Benishangul region (AOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.44–4.82) was the community-level factors associated with the exclusive breastfeeding practices. Conclusions Less than one-fifth of the mothers have practised exclusive breastfeeding in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. The individual-level factors such as mother’s employment status, household wealth status, desire for more children, presence of diarrhoea and community-level factors such as region have contributed to the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, the federal and regional health bureaus and other implementers should emphasise to those emerging regions by creating awareness and strengthening the existing community-based health extension program to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practices.

Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes in sediments and biota from three tropical marine food webs: Application to chemical bioaccumulation assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2521-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yun Teng ◽  
Tra Thi Thanh Doan ◽  
Yun Wei Yat ◽  
Sheot Harn Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food

scholarly journals Krill: a potential vector for domoic acid in marine food webs

2002 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bargu ◽  
CL Powell ◽  
SL Coale ◽  
M Busman ◽  
GJ Doucette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food

scholarly journals Individual-level and community-level factors associated with the family planning use among pastoralist community of Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussie Alemayehu ◽  
Araya Abrha Medhanyie ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Afework Mulugeta
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pastoralist Community ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the effects of the individual-level and community-level factors on the use of family planning (FP) among married women in the pastoralist community of Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2018. Data were analysed using R software. To determine the fixed effect of individual-level and community-level factors of FP use, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was used. The result was described using the Adjusted OR (AOR), and the variance partition coefficient.Setting and participantsAfar, Ethiopia (2018; n=891) married women of reproductive age (15–49) years.Primary outcome measuresFP use or non-use.ResultsThe current use of FP was 18.7% (16.31%–21.43%). Women who need to walk 1 hour and more to the nearest health facility (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.3), have ANC visit of 4 and above (AOR 6.02, 95% CI 1.74 to 20.8), had their last birth at a health facility (AOR 2.71 95% CI 1.27 to 5.81), have five and more children (AOR 4.71, 95% CI 1.86 to 11.9), have high knowledge on FP (AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11 to 6.74) and had high intentions to use FP (AOR 10.3, 95% CI 3.85 to 27.6) were more likely to report FP use. The magnitude of the effect of for FP use was smaller than that of 9 of the 13 individual factors. Apart from this 19.4% of the total variance in the odds of using FP attributed to between community difference (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.194). Regarding the community-level characteristics, clusters of having higher electronic media possession (AOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.72) and higher women decision making on FP (AOR 8.35, 95% CI 2.7 to 27.1) were significantly associated with increased FP use compared with clusters with lower reports of these aspects.ConclusionFP use among the pastoralist community is influenced by both individual cluster/community-level characteristics or factors. Even though the effect of clustering in FP use was large in comparison with the unexplained between-cluster variation, it was lower than the individual-level factors.Trail registrtion numberNCT03450564

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