scholarly journals Advances in the Biology and Conservation of Turtles

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Russell L. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Conservatism

The approximately 356 species of testudines (turtles) are remarkable for their blend of phylogenetic conservatism and diversity [...]

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Plasma Proteins from Twenty-Nine Species of Albatrosses And Petrels (Order Procellariiformes)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter C Harper
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biochemical Research

<p>The plasma proteins of 29 species of albatrosses and petrels were electrophoretically separated in acrylamide gels to clarify relationships at the species-group to family-group levels. Little in the resulting data from 472 birds seriously contests the present classification of the Procellariiformes; much of the biochemical evidence supports, confirms, and clarifies the proposals of conventional taxonomic methodology. The biochemical data give fresh insights into the interrelationships of procellariiform taxa, and highlight intriguing new problems. Sex, season, age, and other sources of non-genetic protein variation are insignificant for taxonomic purposes. Proteins of comparable value include the transferrins, some α and β globulins, albumins, prealbumins, and non-specific esterases. Genetic variations in the mobility of these proteins are useful at the genus-group level and below. Other proteins are monomorphic at genus and family level, and three are monomorphic in both number and mobility throughout the Procellariiformes; these are useful reference points for calibrating samples on different gels. One conspicuous α protein is absent in the Hydrobatidae but present in all other families; the implications of this are discussed. Polymorphic proteins at the population or species level were not detected; this conspicuous phylogenetic conservatism is discussed with regard to its possible evolutionary significance. Following a summary of the protein data; three categories of, defined probability statements, based on the biochemical and other evidence, allow speculative comment on the evolutionary relationships and history of the taxa within the Procellariiformes. The value of further biochemical research into the marine birds is emphasised.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of transition to a subterranean lifestyle on morphological disparity and integration in talpid moles (Mammalia, Talpidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Sansalone ◽  
Paolo Colangelo ◽  
Anna Loy ◽  
Pasquale Raia ◽  
Stephen Wroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Integration ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Morphological Disparity ◽  
Morphological Diversification ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Subterranean Species

Abstract Background Understanding the mechanisms promoting or constraining morphological diversification within clades is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Ecological transitions are of particular interest because of their influence upon the selective forces and factors involved in phenotypic evolution. Here we focused on the humerus and mandibles of talpid moles to test whether the transition to the subterranean lifestyle impacted morphological disparity and phenotypic traits covariation between these two structures. Results Our results indicate non-subterranean species occupy a significantly larger portion of the talpid moles morphospace. However, there is no difference between subterranean and non-subterranean moles in terms of the strength and direction of phenotypic integration. Conclusions Our study shows that the transition to a subterranean lifestyle significantly reduced morphological variability in talpid moles. However, this reduced disparity was not accompanied by changes in the pattern of traits covariation between the humerus and the mandible, suggesting the presence of strong phylogenetic conservatism within this pattern.

Phylogenetic conservatism of species range size is the combined outcome of phylogeny and environmental stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2451-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axelle Zacaï ◽  
Emmanuel Fara ◽  
Arnaud Brayard ◽  
Rémi Laffont ◽  
Jean-Louis Dommergues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Size ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism

Phylogenetic conservatism of climatic niche in bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele P. Peixoto ◽  
Fabricio Villalobos ◽  
Marcus V. Cianciaruso
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism

scholarly journals Phylogenetic conservatism and trait correlates of spring phenological responses to climate change in northeast China

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 6747-6757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Du ◽  
Jingru Chen ◽  
Charles G. Willis ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhou ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism

scholarly journals The niche of higher plants: evidence for phylogenetic conservatism

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (1483) ◽  
pp. 2383-2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Prinzing ◽  
Walter Durka ◽  
Stefan Klotz ◽  
Roalnd Brandl
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism

Kidney Structure and Renal Indexes of Dasyurid Marsupials

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Brooker ◽  
PC Withers
Keyword(s):  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Kidney Structure ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Alpine Environments ◽  
Semi Arid

Examination of kidney structure for 25 dasyurid marsupials showed that kidneys of species from arid habitats tend to have a relatively thicker medulla and higher renal indices than those of species from semi-arid, mesic and tropical areas. Arid-dwelling species such as Ningaui ridei and Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis had the highest renal indices while Antechinus swainsonii, collected from alpine environments, had the lowest renal index values. Renal indices were significantly correlated also with body weight, average daily maximum temperature and average annual rainfall of the habitat. The renal indices for xeric species differed significantly by discriminant analysis from the indices for other species. There was no obvious phylogenetic conservatism in renal indices; for example, renal indices varied almost as much within the genus Sminthopsis as between all of the other genera of Dasyuridae examined.

Old habits die hard: Mouse handling by a pitviper species on a rodent-free island

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sazima ◽  
Otavio Marques
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism ◽  
Specialized Diet

AbstractThe golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis) is endemic to Queimada Grande Island off the coast of southeastern Brazil. This pitviper feeds mainly on migratory birds, whereas mainland pitvipers in the genus Bothrops usually feed on rodents. Rodents are regarded as a dangerous prey type, and the habitual handling of rodents by pitvipers include its immediate release after the initial bite. However, bird prey is usually held within jaws after the initial bite. Presently there are no rodents in Queimada Grande Island, which is thought to have isolated from the mainland 11 000 yr ago. We staged encounters between B. insularis and house mice in the field to evaluate how the snake will behave when introduced to a supposedly unknown prey type. Mice were readily accepted as prey and the predatory behaviour of B. insularis was similar to that displayed by mainland pitvipers (strike-release). Although B. insularis has several morphological and ecological particularities that likely developed during its isolation on an island (some of these related to a specialized diet and/or arboreal habits), the handling behaviour of potentially dangerous prey such as rodents was retained – an indication of phylogenetic conservatism.

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