scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Carabid Beetles in Green Spaces and Former Natural Habitats

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Park ◽  
Chang-Jun Kim ◽  
Moon-Bo Choi ◽  
Yuno Do
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
New City

Urban expansion threatens ecosystems through direct habitat conversion. To secure urban biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services, a common focus of planning and growth management efforts is to establish green spaces. This study aimed to understand the formation process of newly created green spaces after urban development. We investigated the carabid beetle assemblages in its current habitat in a new city and in its former habitats for assessing the loss of species diversity by urban development and to identify the initial status of species assemblages in the current urban habitats, including green spaces. The diversity and composition of the carabid beetle assemblages significantly changed in the new city. The former habitat loss by urban development leaves large numbers of carabid species to dramatically decline. Carabid assemblages in current habitats may show a critical response to habitat loss, although former habitats were converted to green spaces. Some carabid species were only present in current habitats, including the green space from former habitats. In addition, the current habitat, including green spaces and other habitats, have similar carabid assemblages. Our results indicated that the loss of former habitat has a much greater effect on species diversity persistence than changes in habitat configuration and the creation of green spaces. Consequently, most carabid beetles were already lost during development. Urban habitats in new cities, including green spaces, represent simple and homogeneous habitats, although the development was designed and planned to enhance biodiversity. The present design and planning practice for green spaces that destroyed all former habitats to prepare the ground of urban areas and thereby created urban habitats, including green space, may need to be changed to secure biodiversity. Designing and planning the green spaces should consider the species’ former habitats, for instance, creating a similar type of green space to agricultural land, forest, and wetland, and thereby the former habitat remains intact to enhance biodiversity and function.

scholarly journals Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10673
Author(s):  
Axel Schwerk ◽  
Marzena Wińska-Krysiak ◽  
Arkadiusz Przybysz ◽  
Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
City Development ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Trace Element Contamination ◽  
The One

Urban wasteland is of special interest to city planners. However, to integrate such areas into city space management with consideration of nature conservation aspects, a sound assessment of their ecological potential is necessary. The aim of this paper was to analyze whether carabid beetle assemblages of the wastelands are affected by soil parameters, particularly trace element contamination. Therefore, we studied the carabid fauna in relation to selected soil parameters on 56 sampling plots situated in 24 wastelands located in the city of Warsaw (Poland). The results have confirmed our assumptions that the number of species, as well as the number of individual carabid beetles, are negatively affected by an increasing amount of pollutants in the soil. Particularly, the trace elements Pb, Cu, and Cd showed a significantly negative impact. The results are of value when it comes to the use of urban wastelands in the context of sustainable city development. Future use of urban wastelands will be faced with trade-offs between the use for public interests (e.g., housing space) and ecological interests. Phytoremediation and entomoremediation may be included in decontamination measures. The results of studies, such as the one conducted by us, may help to select the respective wastelands for certain purposes.

scholarly journals Effects of land cover type on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Canterbury foothills, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Berndt ◽  
Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Background: Land cover changes during the recent history of New Zealand have had a major impact on its largely endemic and iconic biodiversity. As in many other countries, large areas of native forest have been replaced by other land cover and are now in exotic pasture grassland or plantation forest. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are often used as ecological indicators, they provide ecosystem services such as pest control, and some species are endangered. However, few studies in New Zealand have assessed the habitat value for carabid beetles of natural forest, managed regenerating natural forest, pine plantation forest and pasture. Methods: We compared the carabid beetle assemblages of natural forest of Nothofagus solandri var solandri (also known as Fuscospora solandri or black beech), regenerating N. solandri forest managed for timber production, exotic pine plantation forest and exotic pasture, using pitfall traps. The study was conducted at Woodside Forest in the foothills of the Southern Alps, North Canterbury, New Zealand, close to an area where the critically endangered carabid Holcaspis brevicula was found. Results: A total of 1192 carabid individuals from 23 species were caught during the study. All but two species were native to New Zealand, with the exotic species present only in low numbers and one of these only in the pasture habitat. Carabid relative abundance and the number of species was highest in the pine plantation, where a total of 15 species were caught; however, rarefied species richness did not differ significantly between habitats. The sampled carabid beetle assemblages were similar across the three forested habitat types but differed significantly from the pasture assemblages based on unconstrained and canonical analyses of principal coordinates. Holcaspis brevicula was not detected in this area. Conclusions: Our results show that managed or exotic habitats may provide habitat to species-rich carabid assemblages although some native species occur only in natural, undisturbed vegetation. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the potential contribution of these land uses and land cover types to the conservation of native biodiversity and to consider how these can be managed to maximise conservation opportunities.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve Sustainability in Urban Landscape, Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rakhshandehroo ◽  
Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof ◽  
Roozbeh Arabi ◽  
Rasul Jahandarfard
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Greening

Abstract Decreasing green spaces is a significant concern in today’s compact cities while they provide various dimensions of sustainability; therefore, sustainable development has become the key idea to solve a series of environmental, economic and social problems. Because urban green space can be seen from different distinct disciplinary perspectives, this study reviews theories and material based on multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied by a green vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban environment. Therefore, sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening by innovative and creative strategies.

scholarly journals Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera) in a wooded meadow and in the adjacent habitats on the Saaremaa Island, Estonia

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tõnu Talvi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles were sampled by using pitfall traps during one season in traditionally managed wooded meadow and in adjacent habitats (dry meadow, deciduous forest and spruce forest) on Saaremaa Island, Estonia. A total of 2356 carabids belonging to 35 species were caught. The number of species and species diversity were highest in the wooded meadow and lowest in the dry meadow. In the wooded meadow, the dominant species were Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and P. niger, (Schaller), which counted together for 49% of the total sample. The highest number of scarce species was found in the wooded meadow. Similarity of the carabid assemblages was highest between the two types of forests. The carabid assemblage in the wooded meadow was most similar to that of the deciduous forest; the values of similarity of wooded meadow versus spruce forest and wooded meadow versus dry meadow were only slightly lower. The results indicate that high biodiversity level of the wooded meadow can be maintained only through continuous traditional management.

Green Spaces in the Context of Spatial Urban Development: Interrogating the Case of Federal Capital City of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Morenike Olukoya ◽  
Obafemi Olukoya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Green Spaces

This study addresses the challenge of disappearing green space within the Federal Capital City (FCC) of Nigeria. The study investigates the multiplicity of factors which contribute to the disappearance of the green spaces and conclusively suggests an approach to conserving the green spaces with the surging urbanization in view.

Green Spaces in the Context of Spatial Urban Development: Interrogating the Case of Federal Capital City of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Morenike Olukoya ◽  
Obafemi Olukoya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Green Spaces

This study addresses the challenge of disappearing green space within the Federal Capital City (FCC) of Nigeria. The study investigates the multiplicity of factors which contribute to the disappearance of the green spaces and conclusively suggests an approach to conserving the green spaces with the surging urbanization in view.

The influence of agricultural management on the structure of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Vician ◽  
Marek Svitok ◽  
Karol Kočík ◽  
Slavomír Stašiov
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
General Number ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe influence of agricultural management form on the structure and the species diversity of ground beetle (Carabidae) assemblages was studied. The research was carried out in the vicinity of Očová village (Central Slovakia) in 2005-2006. Carabid beetles were pitfall-trapped in four pairs of plots with the same crop, but conventionally and naturefriendly managed. In total, 54,376 individuals of 68 species of 30 genera were collected. The significantly positive effect of nature-friendly management on the number of carabid beetle individuals and species diversity was observed only in the plots with arable soil. Carabid beetles reached a higher species diversity in the plots with a higher pH and humus content. These parameters were typical of nature-friendly managed fields, and of the conventionally managed permanent grass stands. In general, number of carabid beetle individuals and species was higher in arable soils than in permanent grass stands.

scholarly journals A comparison of pitfall trapping and quadrat sampling of Carabidae (Coleoptera) on river banks

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
River Banks

A comparison was made betweeen the "open" pitfall trap method and quadrat sample method in microhabitats on river banks. The latter method was found to give reliable estimates of the absolute abundance of carabid beetle species. In pitfall traps individuals of the carabid beetle Bembidion schuppelii were over-represented in a sub-optimal microhabitat compared with in optimal ones. The niche-overlap between this species and B. bipunctatum was 0.19 in quadrat samples and 0.59 in pitfall traps. There was no correlation between the relative abundance of individuals of species in quadrat samples and in pitfall traps. Individuals of larger carabid species were highly over-represented compared to smaller ones in pitfall traps, an effect that was independent of diurnal rhythm and life cycle category. Biomass of larger carabid species was also overestimated in pitfall traps compared to that of smaller ones. Imagines were more efficiently captured in pitfall traps than larvae. Pitfall traps had a higher number of species than quadrat samples in all investigated sites. In four of five cases the Shannon-Wiener index gave higher species diversity in pitfall traps than in quadrat samples. It is concluded that the "open" pitfall trap method is inappropriate to study dominance ratio, the ecological role of species and perhaps the species diversity within communities. The general insight into the community structure of carabid beetles may therefore be very biased.

scholarly journals Assemblage Characteristics and Habitat Specificity of Carabid Beetles in a Japanese Alpine-Subalpine Zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Hiramatsu ◽  
Nisikawa Usio
Keyword(s):  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Alpine Meadows ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

In lowland areas of the world and high-altitude European mountains, the species compositions, body sizes, and wing forms of carabid beetles are known to change according to vegetation structures. However, little is known regarding the assemblage structure and habitat associations of carabid beetles in Japanese alpine-subalpine areas. We surveyed carabid beetles in four habitats (snow beds, alpine meadows, Pinus scrub, and fell-fields) in the alpine-subalpine zone on Mt. Hakusan, Japan. We surveyed carabid beetles six times between mid-July and late September. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed three distinct carabid beetle assemblages in snow beds and alpine meadows, Pinus scrub, and fell-fields. The carabid beetle assemblages in the four habitats consisted predominantly of small and/or wingless species with differential spatiotemporal variability in abundance. Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) analyses showed that the percentage coverage by Pinus scrub, soil water content, and ground surface temperature were among the most significant variables affecting carabid beetle compositions. Given their small sizes and reduced wings, which are characteristic traits for limited mobility, and high-level habitat specificity, carabid beetles in the alpine-subalpine zone may serve as an important target group to monitor the impacts of global environmental change on mountain ecosystems.

scholarly journals The green infrastructure within the framework of a compact city concept (by example of Kyiv)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-288
Author(s):  
Olena P. Havrylenko ◽  
Petro H. Shyshchenko ◽  
Yevhen Yu. Tsyhanok
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The City

The goal of the study is to determine the actual areas and the geographical distri- bution of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) in Kyiv; compile and analyse the ratings of the city administrative districts by key UGS indicators and substantiate the level of comfortable living in each district according to the concept of a green compact city. The goal stems from the announcement of an official strategy of transforming Kyiv into a comfortable compact city with an attractive green infrastructure. To achieve this goal, we have calculated a number of major indicators of the modern green infrastructure of Kyiv in all ten city districts. According to the method we developed, we analysed the drawings of the urban development master plan and regulatory documents, and conducted a field survey of significant UGS sites in Kyiv. The data obtained were used to make a UGS map of Kyiv and other thematic maps. For the most accurate calculation of key UGS indicators, we processed several thousand contours in Kyiv’s cartographic base. The sizes of Urban Protected Areas (UPA) were found separately, and their share in the total city territory and of each district (Conservation Coefficients) was determined. In so doing, UPA distribution was found to be very irregular, with a total area of 174.9 km2, or about 21.2% of that of Ukraine’s capital. We analysed the ratio of the city population and the areas of green spaces in each Kyiv district. To identify districts with a different UGS coverage, we calculated the Greenness Coefficients (GC) and compiled a rating of Kyiv districts by their level of greenness, using the Greenness Coefficients Index. Significant GC variations in different city districts were substantiated. In contrast to previous studies, we calculated the provision of Kyiv residents with green zones of not merely common usage, but also with those of all other kinds, including UPA. We also calculated the Green space provision per person and compiled ratings of Kyiv districts by the Green Space Provision Index. The results were presented on a relevant map. Based on calculating the share of protected areas in the total UGS area, we found the ratings of Kyiv districts by the Green space legally protected Index. Wherein, we found significant variations among the districts by the ratio of protected areas and green spaces deprived of any legal protection. This increases their vulnerability to projected development attempts. We calculated the Integral Green Space Index (GSI) based on processing all significant UGS indicators of Kyiv. GSI allows for an integral assessment of the condition of the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) in Kyiv, and it is the key criterion of its compliance with modern requirements to an ideal compact city. Holosiivskyi District received the highest GSI rating. It is uniformly replete with UGS, which are provided for quality recreation and, at the same time, are protected by environmental legislation. Solomianskyi District received the lowest rating, and almost all the elements of its existing UGI require a cardinal optimisation. As a whole, the indicators we calculated can create an illusion of adequate provision of Kyiv with UGS. Actually, they are distributed very irregularly in the majority of districts. The results of our study are indicative of the presence of many challenging locations that require an extension of existing UGS and the development of new ones pursuant to the principles of compact city planning. Since UGI planning depends on the implementation of the Urban Development Master Plan, it makes sense to include the Green Space Index to the key indicators of the Kyiv Development Strategy. The draft new City General Plan should also be refined with account of the above-mentioned problems.

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