scholarly journals Lack of Cascading Effects of Eurasian Lynx Predation on Roe Deer to Soil and Plant Nutrients

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Ivonne J. M. Teurlings ◽  
Claudia Melis ◽  
Christina Skarpe ◽  
John D. C. Linnell
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Avenella Flexuosa ◽  
Vegetation Samples

This study examines the extent to which above-ground trophic processes such as large carnivore predation on wild ungulates can cause cascading effects through the provision of carrion resources to below-ground ecosystem processes in the boreal forest of southeastern Norway. We measured the levels of 10 parameters in soil samples and 7 parameters in vegetation (wavy hair-grass, Avenella flexuosa, and bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus) at 0, 0.5 and 2 m distance from 18 roe deer (Capreolus caprelous) carcasses killed by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). We then compared these values to two control sites 20 m away from each carcass. Sampling was conducted 20–29 months after death. Neither soil nor vegetation samples showed a clear gradient in parameters (CN, NH4+, NO3−, P, PO4−, Ca, K, Mg and Na) from the center of a carcass towards the periphery. Similarly, there was no difference in the effect on soil and vegetation between winter- and summer-killed carcasses. Our results contrast with that of other studies that simulate the effect of predation with whole carcasses and which often exclude scavengers through fencing. The lack of detectable effects after about two years is likely due to the small size of roe deer carcasses and the fact that most tissues are consumed by the predator and scavengers before decomposition.

scholarly journals Above- and Below-ground Cascading Effects of Wild Ungulates in Temperate Forests

Ecosystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ignacio Ramirez ◽  
Patrick A. Jansen ◽  
Jan den Ouden ◽  
Laxmi Moktan ◽  
Natalie Herdoiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Comparing patterns of human harvest and predation by Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx on European roe deer Capreolus capreolus in a temperate forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miha Krofel ◽  
Klemen Jerina ◽  
Franc Kljun ◽  
Ivan Kos ◽  
Hubert Potočnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx

scholarly journals Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ivonne J. M. Teurlings ◽  
John Odden ◽  
John D. C. Linnell ◽  
Claudia Melis
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Prey Items

Large solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system.

Huftierbestände und Verbissintensitäten nach der Luchswiederansiedlung im Kanton St. Gallen

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Schnyder ◽  
Rolf Ehrbar ◽  
Friedrich Reimoser ◽  
Klaus Robin
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
North East ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Hunting Statistics

Ungulate populations and browsing intensities following the reintroduction of lynx in the canton of St. Gallen In the context of the project “Lynx resettlement north-east Switzerland” (LUNO), the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx L.) was reintroduced in the canton of St. Gallen from 2001. As a consequence of reduced roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) population sizes, one goal was the reduction of browsing intensities in young forest stands. This study investigates interactions between the levels of this trophic cascade by means of data on lynx distribution, roe deer and chamois populations (hunting statistics and population estimations) as well as browsing intensities. The results have shown significantly reduced roe deer and chamois population sizes in the years after lynx reintroduction. The effect of lynx could have worked cumulatively with factors like hunting, weather conditions and diseases (chamois). Within the chamois population, the lynx probably affected primarily the forest chamois, although before and after the lynx presence other causal reasons have been responsible for population decreases. Furthermore, there was noted a significantly positive relationship between hunting statistics (as an indicator of local ungulate population sizes) and browsing intensities, although the size of local ungulate populations was one influencing factor among many more. The browsing intensity of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was significantly reduced after lynx reintroduction in the core area of lynx distribution. All results have shown significant correlations and suggest an indirect influence of lynx on browsing intensities of silver fir. However, causal connections should be analysed in further studies.

scholarly journals Selectivity of eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and recreational hunters for age, sex and body condition in roe deer Capreolus capreolus

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Andersen ◽  
Jørn Karlsen ◽  
Lars Bendik Austmo ◽  
John Odden ◽  
John D. C. Linnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx

scholarly journals Roe deer population trend after reintroduction of Eurasian lynx within the Palatinate Forest: a first insight into a long-term study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Tröger ◽  
Diress Tsegaye ◽  
Ulf Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Hunting Bag ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Insight Into

After becoming extinct approximately 250 years ago in the Palatinate Forest, the first Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were reintroduced within this area in 2016, with 20 lynx reintroduced in the following five years. We observed the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest before (2016) and during (2017–2019) the lynx reintroduction by estimating the population and evaluating the hunting bag. The roe deer population estimation based on the distance sampling method was conducted on ten defined transects with an average length of 48 km from 2016 to 2019, observing a 6,000 km transect length for 120 nights overall. An average of 6.54 ± 1.28 roe deer km-² was estimated over the course of the four years (2016 – 2019). Since we suspect that our estimations might underestimate the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest, hence we preferred to use the roe deer count index for further analysis. Over the first four years (2016–2019), significant differences were neither found in the roe deer count index nor for the hunting bag in relation to the reintroduction of the lynx. The data and findings presented in this study provide a first insight into a long-term observation of a predator-prey system within the Palatinate Forest, with roe deer not having experienced a natural predator over a long time. In order to make coherent interpretations, long-term data is needed to estimate the population trends of both species within the Palatinate Forest.

Behavioural responses of ungulates to indirect cues of an ambush predator

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Wikenros ◽  
Dries P.J. Kuijper ◽  
Robert Behnke ◽  
Krzysztof Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Ambush Predator ◽  
Risk Of Predation

Ambush predators provide more persistent cues of predation risk compared to coursing predators and are predicted to exert stronger effects on behaviour of their prey. We studied anti-predator responses of ungulates by means of camera traps to an olfactory cue (fresh scat) of an ambush predator, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) both important prey species for lynx were not more vigilant when exposed to lynx scent, but reduced their visitation duration. Our results contrast with previously reported responses of red deer to scent from a coursing predator, the wolf (Canis lupus), where only vigilance and foraging behaviour but not visitation duration changed in response to wolf scat. This indicates that ungulates are able to recognize the risk of predation from predators with differing hunting modes based on olfactory cues and adjust their anti-predatory behaviour.

scholarly journals One Health Approach: An Overview of Q Fever in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans in Asturias (Northwestern Spain)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Alberto Espí ◽  
Ana del Cerro ◽  
Álvaro Oleaga ◽  
Mercedes Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Ceferino M. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Iberian Red Deer ◽  
Northwestern Spain

This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, wild ungulates, as well as the current situation of Q fever in humans in a small region in northwestern Spain where a close contact at the wildlife–livestock–human interface exists, and information on C. burnetii infection is scarce. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii was 8.4% in sheep, 18.4% in cattle, and 24.4% in goats. Real-time PCR analysis of environmental samples collected in 25 livestock farms detected Coxiella DNA in dust and/or aerosols collected in 20 of them. Analysis of sera from 327 wild ungulates revealed lower seroprevalence than that found in domestic ruminants, with 8.4% of Iberian red deer, 7.3% chamois, 6.9% fallow deer, 5.5% European wild boar and 3.5% of roe deer harboring antibodies to C. burnetii. Exposure to the pathogen in humans was determined by IFAT analysis of 1312 blood samples collected from patients admitted at healthcare centers with Q fever compatible symptoms, such as fever and/or pneumonia. Results showed that 15.9% of the patients had IFAT titers ≥ 1/128 suggestive of probable acute infection. This study is an example of a One Health approach with medical and veterinary institutions involved in investigating zoonotic diseases.

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