scholarly journals A Review of Galaxias (Galaxiidae) Fossils from the Southern Hemisphere

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Uwe Kaulfuss ◽  
Daphne E. Lee ◽  
Jeffrey H. Robinson ◽  
Graham P. Wallis ◽  
Werner W. Schwarzhans
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Ontogenetic Diet Shifts ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Diet Shifts

The Galaxiidae is a Southern Hemisphere family of freshwater fish, considered to be of Gondwanan origin based on the current distribution of species in New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), New Caledonia, Africa, South America, and on some associated and subantarctic islands. The fossil record of galaxiids is extremely sparse and geographically restricted. The only galaxiid fossils currently known come from several Miocene lakes in southern New Zealand. They include more than 100 articulated fishes, some remarkably preserving soft parts such as eyes and skin, skulls and jaw components, and more than 200 isolated otoliths. Common coprolites and in situ preserved gut content at one site (Foulden Maar) indicate the different diets of larvae and adult fish. These discoveries reveal a diverse Galaxias fauna, the presence of lake-locked populations, ontogenetic diet shifts, and representatives of several non-migratory Galaxias lineages associated with inland streams and lakes. There are at least six Galaxias species based on macrofossils and six separate otolith-based species from varied volcanic and regional lacustrine environments. This diversity points to southern New Zealand as a centre of biodiversity and speciation in Galaxiidae in the early to late Miocene.

scholarly journals Marine microorganisms as amber inclusions: insights from coastal forests of New Caledonia

Fossil Record ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Schmidt ◽  
Dennis Grabow ◽  
Christina Beimforde ◽  
Vincent Perrichot ◽  
Jouko Rikkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Seaward Side ◽  
Salt Crystals

Abstract. Marine microorganisms trapped in amber are extremely rare in the fossil record, and the few existing inclusions recovered so far originate from very few pieces of Cretaceous amber from France. Marine macroscopic inclusions are also very rare and were recently described from Cretaceous Burmese amber and Early Miocene Mexican amber. Whereas a coastal setting for the amber source forests is generally proposed, different scenarios have been suggested to explain how these marine inclusions can become trapped in a resin of terrestrial origin. These scenarios include an introduction of marine organisms (i) through high tides, (ii) from storms and resulting in flooding of the littoral/estuarine forest floor, (iii) in resin dropped into the sea in mangrove-type settings, or (iv) by wind and sea spray. We investigated the possibility of a wind-driven introduction of marine microorganisms into tree resins using modern coastal conifer forests with the highly resinous Cook pine (Araucaria columnaris) in New Caledonia as a model for the Cretaceous amber forests from France. By exposing fresh resin surfaces on the seaward side of the trees and the collection of older in situ resins, we confirmed that marine microorganisms can become trapped on sea-exposed resin, along with remnants from terrestrial organisms, and salt crystals. We suggest that, for cases where only a few marine inclusions are discovered in an amber deposit, an origin from aeolian background deposition is feasible. However, a more energetic but possibly still aeolian event is likely needed to explain the high numbers of marine microorganisms embedded in pieces of Cretaceous amber from France.

scholarly journals An amblyopinine rove beetle (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Amblyopinini) from the earliest Miocene Foulden Maar fossil-Lagerstätte, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088
Author(s):  
Josh Jenkins Shaw ◽  
Alexey Solodovnikov ◽  
Ming Bai ◽  
Uwe Kaulfuss
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Abdominal Tergite ◽  
Rove Beetle

AbstractThe first fossil rove beetle (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from New Zealand is described from the earliest Miocene Foulden Maar fossil-Lagerstätte, Otago. The new species, Sphingoquedius meto n. sp., is attributable to the tribe Amblyopinini of the subfamily Staphylininae based on the scutellum with anterior scutellar ridge only; isodiametric microsculpture on the pronotum; multidirectional arranged setae on the elytra; and presence of radiating setae on the fourth abdominal tergite. Sphingoquedius meto n. sp. is the first Southern Hemisphere fossil record of Amblyopinini and its affinity to the extant fauna as well as biogeographic and paleocological implications are discussed.UUID: http://zoobank.org/52275b83-d5ff-48af-A66F-2d62c3461677

Revision of the Paramunna complex (Isopoda : Asellota : Paramunnidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Just ◽  
George D. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Group Species

This paper presents a global review of the current unwieldy concept of the genus Paramunna Sars, 1866. The study is based mainly on large new collections of material from Australia and subantarctic islands south of Tasmania and New Zealand. Of the four genera previously synonymised with Paramunna, Austrimunna Richardson, 1906 is revived (type species A. antarctica), Leptaspidia Bate & Westwood, 1867 and Metamunna Tattersall, 1905 are considered indeterminable, while Austronanus Hodgson, 1910 is not considered part of the Paramunna complex. Forty-three species, 27 new, are treated, mostly from Australia and adjacent subantarctic islands. Fifteen species currently in Paramunna do not belong in this complex. The type genus Paramunna Sars, 1866 comprises four known species, P. bilobata Sars, 1866, P. capensis Vanh�ffen, 1914, P. integra Nordenstam, 1933 and P. koreana Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, and four new species. Nine new genera are created based on a cladistic analysis (type species, original combination): Ascionana (A. darwinia, sp. nov.), Epipedonana (E. profunda, sp. nov.), Harrietonana (Austrimunna subtriangulata Richardson, 1908), Kiklonana (Paramunna arnaudi Amar & Roman, 1974), Omonana (O. brachycephala, sp. nov.), Pagonana (Paramunna rostrata Hodgson, 1910), Palanana (Austrimunna serrata Richardson, 1908), Spiculonana (S. platysoma, sp. nov) and Sporonana (S. robusta, sp. nov.). Six species of Paramunna are transferred to other genera in the complex: P. simplex Menzies, 1962 and P.�parasimplex Winkler, 1994 to Omonana, gen. nov.; P. dilatata Vanh�ffen, 1914 to Pagonana, gen. nov.; P. gaini (Richardson, 1913) to Palanana gen. nov.; P. laevifrons Stebbing, 1910 and P. rhipis Shimomura & Mawatari, 1999 to Ascionana, gen. nov. Paramunna shornikovi Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, is synonymised with P. rhipis. Keys to genera and species (if more than two in a genus) are given. Terminal males (males with elongated cephalon and massively enlarged pereonite 1) are documented in several genera. The distribution of the complex confirms that this part of the Paramunnidae is a Southern Hemisphere, shallow water group. Species previously thought to be circumpolar prove to be species complexes, with each species having a small distribution.

Discovery of the transantarctic distribution of the genus Metanteon Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from New Caledonia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4695 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
STEFANO SPERANZA ◽  
MASSIMO OLMI ◽  
ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO ◽  
LEONARDO CAPRADOSSI ◽  
MARIO CONTARINI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
A New Species

Metanteon poirieri sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Anteoninae) is described from New Caledonia. The genus Metanteon Olmi, 1984, was known only from the southern region of Argentina and Chile. The unique species attributed previously to this genus is M. aerias (Walker, 1839), collected in Chile by Charles Darwin during his famous trip on the HMS Beagle. M. aerias is associated only with leafhoppers feeding on Southern Beeches (Nothofagus spp.), a genus of Nothofagaceae including species of trees and shrubs native to the southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Argentina, Chile) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia). Like Nothofagus, Metanteon is a transantarctic organism. 

First record of genus Phlyctaenopora in South Pacific waters

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4990 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
MICHELLE KELLY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
First Record ◽  
The West ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
A New Species

Four species of Phlyctaenopora Topsent, 1904 (Demospongiae Sollas, Poecilosclerida Topsent, Mycalidae Lundbeck) are recognised today (Van Soest et al. 2021a) (Table 1): two Atlantic Ocean species in subgenus Phlyctaenopora [type species P. (P.) bitorquis Topsent, 1904, from the Azores; P. (P.) halichondrioides van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, from Barbados]; and two Southern Hemisphere species in subgenus Barbozia Dendy, 1922: P. (Barbozia) primitiva Dendy, 1922, from the Seychelles, and P. (B.) bocagei Lévi & Lévi, 1983, from New Caledonia. Here we describe a new species of Phlyctaenopora from Wanganella North in International Waters on the West Norfolk Ridge, northwest of New Zealand. Phlyctaenopora (B.) spina sp. nov. provides a first record of the genus in the South Pacific, providing further confirmation of the integrity of the subgenus Barbozia.  

Southern Hemisphere Mesozoic and Tertiary Podocarpaceae and Fagaceae and their palaeogeographic significance

1960 ◽  
Vol 152 (949) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Intermediate Area ◽  
Classic Paper

The present botanical affinities between Australasia (taken to include Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia) and South America have long been a favourite subject of discussions between botanists and geologists. Following Dawson (1958) the affinities can perhaps be best summarized by comparing the floras of the geographic extremes, New Guinea and southern South America, with that of an intermediate area, New Zealand. Approximately 140 genera of seed plants are found in two or in all three of these areas. Of these, some 60 genera have a cosmopolitan distribution so that their presence does not imply any special relationship. The remaining 80 genera are largely restricted to Australasia and South America. About 30 of these genera are found in New Guinea and New Zealand but not in South America; some 25 are found in New Zealand and South America only and approximately 25 are found in all three areas. How can these links between the floras of these widely separated areas be best explained? Both Florin (1940) in his classic paper on the Tertiary coniferg of the southern hemisphere and Dawson (1958) have rightly commented that the solution to this phytogeographical problem must be looked for mainly in the Mesozoic and Tertiary floras of Australasia, South America and Antarctica.

Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Kaulfuss ◽  
Gennady M. Dlussky
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
First Time ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Australasian Region

AbstractThe fossil record of Australasian Formicidae is extremely sparse. It currently comprises two ants in the subfamilies Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae from Plio/Pleistocene strata in Victoria, Australia, 14 as-yet undescribed ants from Cape York amber, and one ant in the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the early Miocene Foulden Maar in southern New Zealand. Here, we report on a diverse myrmecofauna preserved as compression fossils from Foulden Maar and describe Amblyoponinae gen. et sp. indet.,Rhytidoponera waipiatan. sp.,Rhytidoponera gibsonin. sp.,Myrmecorhynchus novaeseelandiaen. sp., andAustroponera schneiderin. sp. Further isolated wings are designated as Formicidae sp. A, B, and C, the former resembling a member of subfamily Dolichoderinae. Fossils ofAustroponeraandMyrmecorhynchusare reported for the first time, whereasRhytidoponera waipiatan. sp. andR.gibsonin. sp. are the first Southern Hemisphere fossil records of this genus.The fossil taxa from Foulden Maar establish the subfamilies Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Ponerinae and, possibly, Dolichoderinae in the Australasian region in the early Miocene and provide evidence that the few native ants in the extant New Zealand fauna are the surviving remnant of taxonomically different, possibly more diverse, warm-temperate to subtropical myrmecofauna.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Anisian (Middle Triassic) marine invertebrate faunas from the southwest Pacific

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Hamish J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Complex Settings

Early to Middle Triassic marine successions are remarkably lacking in the Southern Hemisphere. It would seem that the best developed and most fossiliferous sequences are preserved in New Zealand. To a lesser extent, successions of Early to Middle Triassic age are known from New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Gympie Basin of Eastern Australia, offshore Western Australia, and western South America (in particular Chile).Anisian marine faunas were first collected in New Zealand (Etalian local stage) in the 1940s but it was not until 1953 that their age significance was correctly recognised by Marwick. This was later confirmed by Kummel. Since then an unpublished doctoral study has been completed on the paleontology and biostratigraphy of the Anisian succession within the Murihiku terrane of Southland, South Island, New Zealand. A conclusion of this study, based on ammonoid correlations, was that the cosmopolitan halobiid bivalve Daonella appears earlier in New Zealand than it does in North America.Recent investigations post-date the advent of the tectonostratigraphic terrane concept and suggest that an Anisian fossil record is preserved in at least three terranes in New Zealand (Murihiku, Dun Mountain - Maitai and Torlesse terranes), and two terranes in New Caledonia (probably correlatives of the Murihiku and Torlesse terranes of New Zealand). Analysis of the faunal content of these various terranes suggests that although there are some facies differences (litho and bio), there is little obvious basis for recognition of distinct paleobiogeographic provenance.A corollary to this research on Anisian faunas is the recognition that the New Zealand ammonoid faunas previously considered to be Early Triassic (Malakovian local stage; Murihiku terrane) by Kummel are almost certainly Anisian. However, this does not imply that there isn't an Early Triassic sedimentary record. Significant thicknesses of apparently unfossiliferous sequence are present in each of the relevant terranes. Two isolated Early Triassic ammonoid faunas are now known from elsewhere in New Zealand but from tectonically complex settings in Brook Street (?) and Dun Mountain - Maitai terranes.

scholarly journals A palaeoenvironmental record of the Southern Hemisphere last glacial maximum from the Mount Cass loess section, North Canterbury, Aotearoa/New Zealand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter C. Almond ◽  
Sándor Gulyás ◽  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Balázs P. Sümegi ◽  
Stephen Covey-Crump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Event Stratigraphy ◽  
Westerly Winds

Abstract Calcareous loess in North Canterbury, eastern South Island, New Zealand (NZ), preserves subfossil bird bone, terrestrial gastropods, and eggshell, whose abundances and radiocarbon ages allowed us to reconstruct aspects of palaeoenvironment at high resolution through 25 to 21 cal ka BP. This interval includes millennial-scale climatic variability during the extended last glacial maximum (30–18 ka) of Australasia. Our loess palaeoclimatic record shows good correspondence with stadial and interstadial climate events of the NZ Climate Event Stratigraphy, which were defined from a pollen record on the western side of South Island. An interstade from 25.4 to 24 cal ka BP was warm but also relatively humid on eastern South Island, and loess grain size may indicate reduced vigour of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. The subsequent stade (24–22.6 cal ka BP) was drier, colder, and probably windier. The next interstade remained relatively dry on eastern South Island, and westerly winds remained vigorous. The 25.4–24 ka interstade is synchronous with Heinrich stade 2, which may have driven a southward migration of the subtropical front, leading to warming and wetting of northern and central South Island and retreat of Southern Alps glaciers at ca. 26.5 ka.

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