scholarly journals More Knot Worms: Four New Polygordius (Annelida) Species from the Pacific and Caribbean

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Chrissy Tustison ◽  
Patricia Ramey-Balci ◽  
Greg Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Histone H3 Gene ◽  
Three New Species

Polygordius is a clade of marine annelids mainly seen in coarse-grained habitats. They are notable for their smooth bodies, lacking in chaetae or obvious segments, and they resemble Nematoda or Nemertea. Though Polygordius taxa are found in all oceans of the world, identifying species based only on morphological characters can be challenging due to their relatively uniform external appearances. Diversity within the clade has likely been markedly underestimated. Where morphological characters are inconspicuous or even unreliable, molecular methods can provide clarity in delimiting species. In this study, morphological methods (examination under light and scanning electron microscopy) were integrated with molecular analyses (sequencing of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA and Histone H3 gene fragments) to establish the systematic placement of Polygordius specimens collected from Australia, Belize, French Polynesia, Indonesia, Japan, and the U.S. west coast. These analyses revealed three new species of Polygordius from the Pacific Ocean (P. erikae n. sp., P. kurthcarolae n. sp., and P. kurthsusanae n. sp.) as well as one new species from the Caribbean Sea (P. jenniferae n. sp.). These new species are formally described, and a previously known Japanese species, P. pacificus Uchida, 1936, is redescribed. This study establishes the first molecular data set for Polygordius species from the Pacific region, as well as the first formal description of a Caribbean species of Polygordius. Phylogenetic relationships within Polygordius are summarized and discussed.

A new genus and some new species of the genus Lauriea Baba, 1971 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from the Pacific and Indian Oceans, using molecular and morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3599 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE MACPHERSON ◽  
AYMEE ROBAINAS-BARCIA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The genus Lauriea belongs to the family Galatheidae and is easily differentiated from other genera of the family by the endopod of the uropod being much wider than long and the dactyli of the walking legs being curved and strongly biunguiculate. Examination of many specimens collected during recent expeditions from Madagascar to French Polynesia and using morphological and molecular data revealed the existence of six species, five of them new, that are genetically distinct yet morphologically very similar. Furthermore, another new species, having a triunguiculate P2–4 dactyli, represents a new genus, Triodonthea.

Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4778 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMA PALACIOS THEIL ◽  
DARRYL L. FELDER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Three New Species

We used the mitochondrial 16S–NADH1 complex, mitochondrial 12S, and nuclear histone 3 genes to examine evolutionary relationships among members of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, and their relationships to other pinnotherids. The monophyly of Austinixa was confirmed by maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and maximum parsimony analyses. Clades recovered on the basis of molecular data agreed with current morphology-based taxonomy at species rank. Morphological characters presently used to distinguish species of Austinixa are not synapomorphic at higher levels and therefore cannot be used to infer cladistic relationships among them. High genetic and morphological intraspecific variation was observed, consistent with patterns of restricted gene flow likely attributable to climatic and geographic history, physical characteristics of contemporary habitats, and host-related constraints on the symbiotic life styles of Austinixa spp. Molecular and morphological characters warrant description of three new species, herein named and illustrated: Austinixa cuestai sp. nov., from Pacific waters of Panama and Nicaragua; Austinixa artankeri sp. nov., from the Caribbean waters of Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela; and Austinixa roblesi sp. nov., from Belize and Panama. All three species inhabit intertidal zones, as do their congeners. To facilitate comparisons and augment the very limited original description, a redescription of the Pacific species Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) is provided on the basis of paratypes labelled by Glassell and more recently collected topoptypic specimens. 

scholarly journals Three new species of the genus Coddingtonia from Asia (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Feng ◽  
Yucheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Three New Species

The current paper expands knowledge of the genus Coddingtonia Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009. Based on morphological characters and molecular data, three species are documented as new to science: C. erhuan Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♀) from China, C. lizu Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♀) from China, and C. huifengi Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Indonesia. The type of C. euryopoides Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 is also reexamined. DNA sequences (COI), detailed illustrations of habitus, male palp and epigyne are provided for these four species, as well as a key and a distribution map for Coddingtonia species.

New species reveal unexpected interspecific microhabitat diversity in the genus Uthina Simon, 1893 (Araneae : Pholcidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard A. Huber ◽  
Kai R. Caspar ◽  
Jonas Eberle
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New Records ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Colour Dimorphism

Representatives of the Southeast Asian pholcid spider genus Uthina Simon, 1893 have been thought to be very homogeneous in their ecology and morphology. The 14 previously known species all inhabit near-ground microhabitats and cave entrances, and range from pale to dark brown in colour. Even their genitalia are partly very similar, with some species pairs being barely distinguishable based on morphological characters. Here we describe three new species from Bali, Java and Sulawesi that represent three further microhabitats and demonstrate considerable ecological and morphological diversity within the genus: U. maya, sp. nov. from Bali is a large dark species on tree trunks; U. hylobatea, sp. nov. from Bali and eastern Java is a pale leaf-dwelling species that exhibits colour dimorphism; and U. mimpi, sp. nov. is a pale troglomorphic species collected in the aphotic zones of two South Sulawesi caves. In addition, we present new data for five previously described species, including ultrastructure, natural history, new records, taxonomic notes and a description of the previously unknown female of Uthina khaosokensis Yao, Li & Jäger, 2014. Molecular data suggest that all previously described species are very closely related to each other (constituting the monophyletic luzonica-group), and that the three new species represent separate clades within the genus. However, the basal trichotomy could not be resolved: U. maya + (U. hylobatea + U. mimpi) + luzonica-group.

scholarly journals Three new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela (Araneae, Mesothelae) from Guizhou Province, China

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Chen ◽  
Dengqing Li ◽  
Daiqin Li ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Three New Species

We diagnose and describe three new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela from Guizhou Province, China, based on morphological characters and molecular data: S. liuisp. nov. (♂♀), S. tianzhusp. nov. (♂♀), and S. yupingsp. nov. (♂♀). We provide the genetic distances within and among the three new species based on the DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) to support our descriptions. We also provide the COI GenBank accession codes for the three new species for future identification.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Bossert ◽  
Robert S Copeland ◽  
Trevor J L Sless ◽  
Michael G Branstetter ◽  
Jessica P Gillung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Three New Species

Abstract Bees of the tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini are cleptoparasites in the subfamily Nomadinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and parasitize solitary bees. Understanding their phylogenetic relationships has proven difficult for many decades. Previous research yielded ambiguous results because of conflicting phylogenetic signals of larval and adult morphological characters. Molecular data settled some of this disparity but our knowledge remains fragmented due to limited taxon sampling and the discovery of a new lineage associated with Biastini: the enigmatic Schwarzia Eardley, 2009. Schwarzia has unusual morphological features and seems transitional between previously established taxa. This puts limits on our ability to diagnose the groups, understand their antiquity and biogeography, and study the evolution of host-choice. To address this, we integrate phylogenomics and morphology to establish a fossil-calibrated phylogeny for the tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini. We show that Schwarzia is indeed closely related to Biastes Panzer, 1806, but Biastes itself is paraphyletic in respect to Neopasites Ashmead, 1898, and even Biastini is paraphyletic due to Townsendiella Crawford, 1916, which is sister to Rhopalolemma Roig-Alsina, 1991. To ensure monophyly, we lower Neopasites to subgeneric rank within Biastes and resurrect Melittoxena Morawitz, 1873 as a third subgenus. We then assess the diagnosability of different tribal concepts and establish an expanded tribe Neolarrini that includes Biastini and Townsendiellini as new synonyms for Neolarrini. Neolarrini in this new, expanded sense likely originated in the Nearctic in the mid-Eocene and is, as far we know, composed exclusively of parasites of oligolectic hosts. Lastly, our continued efforts to find the rare Schwarzia in Eastern Africa led to the discovery of three new species, which are described herein.

New species and emendations of Orphella: taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of the genus to establish the Orphellales, for stonefly gut fungi with a twist

Mycologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
White ◽  
Guàrdia Valle ◽  
Lichtwardt ◽  
Siri ◽  
Strongman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
New Order ◽  
The North ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Sexual Stages ◽  
Three New Species

We consolidate and present data for the sexual stages of five North American species of Orphella, fungal members of trichomycetes previously classified within Harpellales. Three species emendations accommodate the newly recognized characters, including not only the coiled zygospores and accompanying cells but also other morphological traits not provided in the original descriptions for O. avalonensis, O. haysii, and O. hiemalis. We describe three new species, Orphella cataloochensis from both the Smoky Mountains in USA and two provinces in Canada as well as O. pseudoavalonensis and O. pseudohiemalis, both from the Cascade Range, in Oregon, USA. Key morphological features for all known species are summarized and reviewed, with illustrations of some of the North American taxa to update and supplement the literature. The entire suite of morphological characters is discussed, with emphasis on species relationships and hypotheses on possible vicariant origins. We also present a molecular phylogeny based on nuc rDNA 18S and 28S, which supports Orphella as a lineage distinct from Harpellales, and we establish a new order, Orphellales, for it. With the combination of sexual features, now known for 12 of the 14 species of Orphella, and new molecular data, the group is now better characterized, facilitating and hopefully also promoting future studies toward a better understanding of their relationships, origins, and evolutionary history as stonefly gut–dwelling fungi.

scholarly journals Revision of generic concepts in Schoeneae subtribe Tricostulariinae (Cyperaceae) with a new genus Ammothryon and new species of Tricostularia

Telopea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 61-169
Author(s):  
Russell Barrett ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
South West ◽  
Nuclear Its

The Tricostularia Nees ex Lehm. group of genera is reviewed and formally recognised as Cyperaceae tribe Schoeneae subtribe Tricostulariinae R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl. Molecular data from plastid rbcL and trnL–F and nuclear ITS and ETS regions are combined with a novel assessment of morphological characters to support our new classification. Six genera are included: a new genus, Ammothryon R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl, and the named genera Chaetospora R.Br., Morelotia Gaudich., Tetraria P.Beauv., Tricostularia, and Xyroschoenus Larridon. Ammothryon, Chaetospora and Tricostularia are all endemic to southern Australia. Morelotia has one species each in Hawaii, French Polynesia and New Zealand, and three species in southwest Western Australia. Tetraria has a disjunct distribution in Southern Africa, Borneo, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Xyroschoenus is endemic to the Seychelles. Tetrariopsis C.B.Clarke (based on Tetrariopsis octandra (Nees) C.B.Clarke) is included under an expanded concept of Morelotia, which also includes Tetraria australiensis C.B.Clarke and Tetraria microcarpa S.T.Blake from south-west Western Australia. Tricostularia bennettiana R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson, Tricostularia davisii R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson, Tricostularia lepschii R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson, Tricostularia newbeyi R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson, and Tricostularia sandifordiana R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson are described as new species from south-west Western Australia. The following new combinations are made: Ammothryon grandiflorum (Nees ex Lehm.) R.L.Barrett, K.L.Wilson & J.J.Bruhl, Morelotia australiensis (C.B.Clarke) R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson, Morelotia microcarpa (S.T.Blake) R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson, Morelotia octandra (Nees) R.L.Barrett & J.J.Bruhl and Tricostularia drummondii (Steud.) R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson. Tricostularia drummondii is reinstated from synonymy (formerly Discopodium drummondii Steud.), having previously been confused with T. exsul (C.B.Clarke) K.L.Wilson & R.L.Barrett. Lectotypes are selected for Chaetospora flexuosa var. gracilis Boeckeler, Discopodium drummondii Steud., Elynanthus grandiflorus Nees ex Lehm., Lampocarya affinis Brongn., Lepidosperma exsul C.B.Clarke, Morelotia gahniiformis Gaudich. var. minor A.Rich., Tetraria australiensis C.B.Clarke, Tetraria capillacea var. intercedens Kük., Tricostularia compressa Nees ex Lehm. and Tricostularia neesii Lehm.

Three new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Yunnan Province, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4664 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHU YUAN ◽  
YAN DONG ◽  
JIBAO JIANG ◽  
JIBAO JIANG ◽  
QI ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Three New Species

Earthworm specimens collected from Yunnan Province, China were found to represent three new species of Megascolecidae: Amynthas demptus sp. nov., Amynthas lacustris sp. nov. and Metaphire reclusa sp. nov. A. demptus belongs to Amynthas hawayanus-group and has three pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–7/8. A. lacustris belongs to Amynthas morrisi-group and has two pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–6/7. M. reclusa has no spermathecal pores. A. demptus has no male pores. The male pores of A. lacustris are about 1/3 body circumference ventrally apart, with a presetal and a postsetal papilla medial to each pore, surrounded with two circular folds. The male pores of M. reclusa are in copulatory chambers at XVIII, with openings of copulatory chambers about 1/3 body circumference ventrally apart. In this paper, the morphological characters of the three new species are described. We also sequenced COI and 12S gene fragments of the holotypes and selected paratype specimens to provide molecular data. 

Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. Feijen ◽  
Frida A.A. Feijen ◽  
Cobi Feijen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Large Species ◽  
East African ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Differential Characters ◽  
Three New Species

Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. are described as endemic Diopsidae taxa for Madagascar. Three Madagascan Diopsidae, earlier alternately placed in Diopsis, Eurydiopsis or Cyrtodiopsis (also as Teleopsis), are now referred to Madagopsina gen. n., while two of these three species proved to be conspecific. This gives rise to Madagopsina apollo (Brunetti) comb. n. and Madagopsina apographica (Séguy) comb. n. = anjahanaribei (Vanschuytbroeck) syn. n. The two species are redescribed. Madagopsina apographica proved to have a mixed type series. Three new species are allocated to the genus as Madagopsina freidbergi sp. n., Madagopsina parvapollina sp. n. and Madagopsina tschirnhausi sp. n. For Eurydiopsis vadoni Vanschuytbroeck (later also placed in Cyrtodiopsis and Teleopsis) the genus Gracilopsina gen. n. is erected, leading to Gracilopsina vadoni (Vanschuytbroeck) comb. n. Gracilopsina vadoni is redescribed and is shown to have a mixed type series. One new species is allocated to the genus as Gracilopsina sinespina sp. n. A key is presented to the two genera and seven species. Madagascar now counts five Diopsidae genera and 12 species, of which two genera and 11 species are endemic. The genus Cladodiopsis is no longer an endemic Madagascar genus as it also occurs in the Comoros. The phylogenetic position of Madagopsina gen. n. is discussed based on molecular data. The intra- and intergeneric phylogeny of both new genera is discussed based on morphology and geometric morphometrics analyses of wing shape. Data are presented on sexual dimorphism with respect to eye span in the genera. The resulting allometric lines (eye span/body length) are also included in the phylogenetic analysis. The allometric lines for the closely related M. parvapollina sp. n., and the much larger M. apollo are compared and discussed. Allometric slopes and intercepts are identical for females of both species, while in males allometric slopes are identical, but intercepts differ considerably. An identical phenomenon was found in two closely related East African Diopsis species with a small and a large species. Various morphological characters, including eggs, are discussed. The importance of intersternite 1–2 and synsternum 7+8 as differential characters is indicated.

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