scholarly journals Increased Peatland Nutrient Availability Following the Fort McMurray Horse River Wildfire

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beest ◽  
Petrone ◽  
Nwaishi ◽  
Waddington ◽  
Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Northern peatlands are experiencing increased wildfire disturbance, threatening peatland biogeochemical function and ability to remain major stores of carbon (C) and macronutrients (nitrogen—N, and phosphorus—P). The impacts of climate change-driven drying on peatland nutrient dynamics have been explored previously; however, the impacts of wildfire on nutrient dynamics have not been examined when comparing burned and unburned areas in a post-fire fen. This study assessed the impact of wildfire on N and P bioavailability, change in CNP stoichiometric balance and feedback on plant nutrient limitation patterns in a fen peatland, one-year post-wildfire, by comparing Burned and Unburned areas. Water extractable P increased up to 200 times in shallow leachate, 125 times in groundwater and 5 times in peat. Surface ash leachate had increased concentrations in Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3−), and through groundwater mobility, increased extractable N concentrations were observed in peat throughout the entire fen. The net mineralization of N and P were minimal at the Burned areas relative to Unburned areas. Fire affected plant nutrient limitation patterns, switching from dominantly N-limited to NP co-limited and P-limitation in moss and vascular species respectively. The top 20 cm of the Burned area C concentrations was higher relative to the Unburned area, with increased CN and CP ratios also being found in the Burned area. These findings suggest that the long-term effects of elevated C, N, and P concentrations on plant productivity and decomposition must be re-evaluated for fire disturbance to understand the resiliency of peatland biogeochemistry post-wildfire.

Effects of fire on carbon fluxes of a calcareous grassland

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Vončina ◽  
Mitja Ferlan ◽  
Klemen Eler ◽  
Franc Batič ◽  
Dominik Vodnik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Calcareous Grassland ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
C Cycle

Frequent fires on drought-prone grasslands, such as pastures in the sub-Mediterranean region, can induce large post-fire variations of CO2 fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. Consequently, substantial changes in the C-cycle can be expected. In our research, we studied post-fire carbon fluxes (net canopy CO2 exchange (NE) and canopy respiration) on calcareous karst grassland after two spring fire events, a natural one in 2010 and a man-induced (anthropogenic) one in 2011. Canopy chamber measurements performed at short regular time intervals throughout the season revealed the rapid recovery of NE after the initial loss of C-sink strength. The long-term effects of the natural fire were largely masked by an early-season drought. In contrast, the burned areas did not reach the productivity of non-disturbed sites until the end of the season after the anthropogenic fire in 2011, when the post-burning period was characterised by favourable growing conditions. The similar NE values could be explained by a significant reduction of respiration at burned areas. Our research showed that C-sink strength of grassland after a fire disturbance can be re-established quite rapidly, after a month, although a full recovery (regeneration of plant cover, C fluxes) can take more time. The re-establishment is largely dependent on environmental conditions (soil water availability).

scholarly journals Edge effects and the impact of wildfires on populations of small non-volant mammals in the forest-savanna transition zone in Southern Amazonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Mendes-Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Pinheiro dos Santos ◽  
Oswaldo de Carvalho-Júnior ◽  
Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag ◽  
Renata Cecília Soares de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Southern Amazonia ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fire and edge effects on the community of small non-volant mammals was investigated in transitional Amazon forest within a matrix of soybean plantations. The animals were live trapped on 24 line transects, of which 16 were distributed in unburned areas and 8 in a burned area. A total of 11 species was recorded, including six rodents and five marsupials. The abundance and richness of small mammals appeared to decrease in burned areas, although this impact appeared to mask edge effects. In the absence of fire impacts, a positive relationship was found between mammal abundance and the distance from the forest edge. The impact of the edge effect on the diversity of small mammals appears to be influenced by the type of anthropogenic matrix and the ecological characteristics of the different species.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FIRE ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING OF ANACARDIUM HUMILE (ANACARDIACEAE) IN CERRADO STRICTO SENSU

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Guimarães de Sousa ◽  
Hélida Ferreira da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the effects of fire on sexual reproduction of Cerrado woody species is fundamental for elaborating public policies and management plans for its conservation. The present study evaluated the effect of a controlled burning on flowering and fruiting of Anacardium humile in an Cerrado stricto sensu environment, in Cavalcante, GO. An area with no fire records for five years was submitted to controlled burning in May 2016, used as the experimental area and its adjacent areas protected from fire as control area. In each area, 16 reproductive individuals were selected and their production of floral buds, flowers and fruits, followed up for 17 months. In 2016 the production of reproductive structures was higher in the control area, since the majority of individuals of the burned area invested in the recovery of vegetative structures (branches) damaged by fire. Only three individuals flowered in the burned area in 2016 and presented greater effort in the production of buds and flowers per panicle than the individuals in the control area, however, the fruit set was equal between the areas. One year after fire, the production of reproductive structures became equal between areas. The control area presented higher fruit production in 2017 in comparison to 2016, indicating a variable pattern in annual fruit production. The impact of fire on the reproductive structures of A. humile is greater in the same year of fire and its reproductive potential can be normalized in the subsequent year.

scholarly journals Birds and the Fire Cycle in a Resilient Mediterranean Forest: Is There Any Baseline?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Roger Prodon
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fire Cycle ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
Cork Oak Forest ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effects of recurrent wildfires on the resilience of a typical Mediterranean ecosystem. It is based on uninterrupted monitoring over 42 years of the avifauna in a cork oak forest that burned three times during this time interval. The monitoring involved two line-transect counts in spring accompanied by the simultaneous and independent estimation of the vegetation cover profile. One of the two transects was initially designed to serve as an unburned control before it also burned during the second fire. Many forest bird species were already present from the first spring postfire due to the rapid regeneration of the canopy. Some open-habitat bird species colonized the burned area during the first 2–4 years after the fire, resulting in an initial phase of high diversity. The postfire bird succession was mainly driven by sedentary species that recolonized the burned area after the first winter, whereas most migratory species present before the fire resettled as early as the first postfire spring, probably because of site tenacity. It was found that the impact of the second fire on avifauna was lower than that of the first or third fire. The return to an avifauna and forest structure successionally equivalent to the prefire control was achieved in about 15 years, which can be considered as the recovery time. Afterwards, both vegetation and avifauna in the burned areas tended to take on more forest characteristics than in the prefire control. These findings suggest that: (i) the recurrence of fire does not necessarily result in the cumulative degradation of the ecosystem at each repetition; (ii) the asymptotic resilience model is not adapted to the case of disturbances in non-mature environments; (iii) the notion of returning to an original undisturbed baseline is illusive in an area that has been under continuous human influence since ancient times.

scholarly journals The Changes in Stress Coping, Alcohol Use, Cigarette Smoking and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Related Lockdown in Medical Students in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Aureliusz Kosendiak ◽  
Magdalena Król ◽  
Milena Ściskalska ◽  
Marta Kepinska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly limited social contacts, thus contributing to deepening isolation. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 exerted on humanity not only a physical impact but also a psychological one, often increasing the feeling of stress. The long-term effects of such a state could include the management of depression, so our study aimed to analyze groups of medical students in different periods of the pandemic (at the beginning of the pandemic, after half a year of the pandemic, after one year of the pandemic) in order to assess the impact of this situation on coping with stress. The impact of the pandemic on the development of stress factors such as alcohol consumption and smoking was also studied. The level of physical activity in the context of coping with an uncertain situation was also assessed. The impact of the above-mentioned factors on the behavior of students, including the Mini-COPE questionnaire, AUDIT test, the Fagerström test and the IPAQ questionnaire was analyzed. It has been shown that as the pandemic and the lockdown progressed, patients consumed more often or larger amounts of alcohol, smoked more cigarettes, and levels of physical activity decreased. All these factors may have had some impact on the deterioration of coping with stress among the respondents, which would indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly contributed to an increase in the sense of stress among the students.

SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Calista ◽  
Garvin Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Affection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><em>Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences</em><em>,</em><em> become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can)</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents</em></p>

The Quantification of Structural Reforms in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Égert ◽  
Peter Gal
Keyword(s):  
Product Market ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Product Market Regulation ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes and discusses a new supply-side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It presents the overall macroeconomic impacts of reforms by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment, and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the chapter finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the five- to ten-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materializes at a shorter horizon.

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