scholarly journals Spatial Response to Linear Infrastructures by the Endangered Golden Lion Tamarin

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila da Silva Lucas ◽  
Milene Alves-Eigenheer ◽  
Talitha Mayumi Francisco ◽  
James M. Dietz ◽  
Carlos Ramón Ruiz-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Lion Tamarin ◽  
Golden Lion Tamarin ◽  
Linear Infrastructures

Linear infrastructures are a primary driver of economic development. However, they also can negatively affect wildlife by mortality and the barrier effect. In this paper, we address how paved and unpaved roads, high-tension power lines, and gas/oil pipelines affect home range size, core areas, and movement in an endangered primate, the golden lion tamarin (GLT). Location data were recorded using radio telemetry on 16 groups in two protected areas and in privately owned forest fragments. The GLT’s home range, not core area, increased in size for the groups that occupied locations far from linear infrastructures; home range was also significantly influenced by available forest size. None of the home ranges contained a road, but home ranges did contain power lines. GLTs used the surrounding landscape near all types of infrastructure. Movement analysis showed that most of the step lengths (distances between subsequent locations) were less than 100 m between two consecutive locations, but step length was longer for roads and longer for groups in fully forested habitats. Tamarins avoided paved roads when in close proximity to this type of infrastructure; this behavior increased in areas without adequate adjacent forest habitat. Our results show that linear infrastructures differ in their level of impact: roads can act as a barrier, whereas other types of infrastructure have minimal effect on movement and home range. We discuss these differences in impact in terms of structure, maintenance schedules, and edge effects of infrastructure.

The role of the bandwidth matrix in influencing kernel home range estimates for snakes using VHF telemetry data

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javan M. Bauder ◽  
David R. Breininger ◽  
M. Rebecca Bolt ◽  
Michael L. Legare ◽  
Christopher L. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sampling Duration

Context Despite the diversity of available home range estimators, no single method performs equally well in all circumstances. It is therefore important to understand how different estimators perform for data collected under diverse conditions. Kernel density estimation is a popular approach for home range estimation. While many studies have evaluated different kernel bandwidth selectors, few studies have compared different formulations of the bandwidth matrix using wildlife telemetry data. Additionally, few studies have compared the performance of kernel bandwidth selectors using VHF radio-telemetry data from small-bodied taxa. Aims In this study, we used eight different combinations of bandwidth selectors and matrices to evaluate their ability to meet several criteria that could be potentially used to select a home range estimator. Methods We used handheld VHF telemetry data from two species of snake displaying non-migratory and migratory movement patterns. We used subsampling to estimate each estimator’s sensitivity to sampling duration and fix rate and compared home range size, the number of disjunct volume contours and the proportion of telemetry fixes not included in those contours among estimators. Key Results We found marked differences among bandwidth selectors with regards to our criteria but comparatively little difference among bandwidth matrices for a given bandwidth selector. Least-squares cross-validation bandwidths exhibited near-universal convergence failure whereas likelihood cross-validation bandwidths showed high sensitivity to sampling duration and fix rate. The reference, plug-in and smoothed cross-validation bandwidths were more robust to variation in sampling intensity, with the former consistently producing the largest estimates of home range size. Conclusions Our study illustrates the performance of multiple kernel bandwidth estimators for estimating home ranges with datasets typical of many small-bodied taxa. The reference and plug-in bandwidths with an unconstrained bandwidth matrix generally had the best performance. However, our study concurs with earlier studies indicating that no single home range estimator performs equally well in all circumstances. Implications Although we did not find strong differences between bandwidth matrices, we encourage the use of unconstrained matrices because of their greater flexibility in smoothing data not parallel to the coordinate axes. We also encourage researchers to select an estimator suited to their study objectives and the life history of their study organism.

Movement patterns and spatial organisation of the mulgara, Dasycercus cristicauda (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae), in central Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pip Masters
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
High Site ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Burrow Use ◽  
Solitary Species

Information on the movements, social structure and burrow use of the mulgara, Dasycercus cristicauda, was collected using radio-telemetry at two study areas in central Australia, one located near the Granites gold mine in the Tanami Desert and the other located on the edge of Uluru Kata Tjuta National Park. The average home-range size was not significantly different between the two study areas but home-range size was highly variable amongst individuals, with areas from 1.0 to 14.4 ha being used. The average maximum distance moved was significantly greater for males than for females. Overlap of home ranges was less than 20%, on average, but this was highly variable. There was an average overlap of 14% for females, with a maximum of 67%. The home ranges of males also overlapped, averaging 16.5%, as did those of females and males (19%). D. cristicauda is a solitary species that exhibits high site fidelity and a low propensity for dispersal once a home range has been established.

scholarly journals Size of home range of Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) males during breeding season assessed by radio-telemetry in the Jizera Mountains, Czechia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marek Kouba ◽  
Václav Tomášek
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Aegolius Funereus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tengmalm's Owl

Abstract Animal home ranges are typically characterized by their size, shape and a given time interval and can be affected by many different biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding of animal movements and assessing the size of their home ranges are essential topics in ecology and necessary for effective species protection, especially concerning birds of prey. Using radio-telemetry (VHF; 2.1 g tail-mounted tags) we studied the movements of two Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) males during the breeding season 2008 in a mountain area of Central Europe (the Czech Republic, the Jizera Mountains: 50˚ 50’ N, 15˚ 16’ E). We determined their average nocturnal hunting and diurnal roosting home range sizes. The mean hunting home range size calculated according to the 90% fixed kernel density estimator was 251.1 ± 43.2 ha (± SD). The mean roosting home range size calculated according to the 100% minimum convex polygon method was 57.9 ± 15.8 ha (± SD). The sizes of hunting home ranges during breeding in this study coincide with those previously reported by other studies focusing on Tengmalm’s owl males. However, we found the roosting home ranges were smaller in size compared to those previously reported. This result was most probably connected with different habitat structure in our study area, which was severally damaged by air-pollution in the past, thus probably offering fewer suitable hiding-places, for instance from predators. We found the roosting locations were concentrated in the oldest and densest Norway spruce forest patches. We emphasize that these parts of forest stands require the highest possible protection in our study area.

scholarly journals Wolverine, Gulo gulo, Home Range Size and Denning Habitat in Lowland Boreal Forest in Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Neil Dawson ◽  
Audrey J. Magoun ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
Justina C. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Selection Of

We conducted the first radio-telemetry study of Wolverines in northwestern Ontario during the winter of 2003-2004 to determine whether home ranges and movements of Wolverines in lowland boreal forest were typical of this species in other ecosystems and to describe reproductive den sites in this habitat type. Seven Wolverines (3 M, 4 F) were radio-tagged and monitored for 31 to 269 (Mean ± SE = 153 ± 35) days using a combination of remotely monitored Argos satellite and conventional aerial telemetry. Male and female 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home ranges (±SE) during December to October were 2,563 (796) km2 and 428 (118) km2, respectively, for combined VHF and Argos locations. A lactating female had a 95% MCP home range of 262 km2. The den site for this female included large boulders and downed trees, similar to dens described for this species in montane ecosystems. Boulder complexes and downed trees may be critical features of wolverine dens in lowland boreal forests. Mean road densities (± SE) within 95% MCP and 50% MCP home ranges were 0.43 (0.13) and 0.33 (0.23) km/km2, respectively, and our results suggest that road densities may affect selection of home ranges by Wolverines. The Wolverine population was a resident, reproductive population. Erratum for table included.

Home range and den characteristics of the brush-tailed rabbit-rat (Conilurus penicillatus) in the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory, Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. C. Firth ◽  
John C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
Richard A. Noske
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Dry Seasons

Radio-telemetry was used to investigate the home range and den characteristics of the brush-tailed rabbit-rat (Conilurus penicillatus) from three sites in the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory, Australia. Radio-tracking was conducted in a series of discontinuous 4–17-day sessions, over a 2-year period. The home ranges of 61 C. penicillatus were estimated using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) and fixed kernel (K95% and K50%) methods. There were no significant differences in home-range size among the three sites or between wet and dry seasons, which suggests that vegetation structure, floristics and season play relatively little role in movements of C. penicillatus. The mean home-range size was 0.79 ± 0.09 ha (MCP estimate) to 0.97 ± 0.12 ha (K95% estimate). The home ranges of males were larger than those of females (mean MCP estimates of 1.07 ± 0.15 and 0.45 ± 0.06 ha respectively). C. penicillatus denned primarily in fallen logs and in hollows of eucalypts and bloodwoods (Corymbia spp.). Rough-barked trees appeared to be preferred. The diameter at breast height (DBH) of den trees varied significantly between the three sites, being greatest at site C1 (34.5 ± 2.4 cm) and least at site C2 (26.1 ± 1.0 cm). Den trees had larger DBH than randomly selected trees at each site. The diameter at the mid-point (DMP) of both den and randomly selected logs were not significantly different between sites. Many individuals used more than one den site per tracking session. The small home ranges of C. penicillatus and its reliance on hollows in trees and logs suggest that this species is very vulnerable to local extinction following long-term annual and destructive fire regimes and land clearing, even in comparatively small patches.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Home Ranges of Red Foxes in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Tserendorj Munkhzul ◽  
◽  
Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar ◽  
James D. Murdoch ◽  
Richard P. Reading ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Range Dynamics

Changes in red fox home range size in relation to environmental and intrinsic factors were studied using radio-telemetry during 2006–2008 in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, southeastern Mongolia. We captured a total of 12 red foxes (8 females and 4 males) and fi tted them with VHF radio-collars. Marked animals were tracked up to fi ve times a week to estimate home ranges. We also trapped small mammal and insects in different biotopes for 3 years to estimate relative abundance of prey. Our results showed that mean individual home range sizes varied widely and differed among years. There was variation in home ranges between adults versus juveniles, but no signifi cant difference was found between males versus females. In addition, mean home range size did not differ seasonally for pooled years. Variation in home ranges was best explained by a model that included covariates of year and age. We suggest that spatiotemporal changes in resource availability across years infl uenced home range dynamics of red foxes in our study.

scholarly journals The Effects of Suburban Development and Wolf (Canis lupis) Recolonization on Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Jackson Hole, Wyoming

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Stanley Anderson ◽  
Doug Wachob ◽  
Rachel Wigglesworth ◽  
Nathan McClennen
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Agricultural Areas

A comparative study of coyote (Canis latrans) home range, activity, habitat use, and diet in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) and residential/agricultural areas surrounding Jackson, Wyoming was begun in May 1998 and will continue until August 1999. Twenty-seven coyotes were captured and fitted with radio collars equipped with activity and mortality sensors. Eleven of the coyotes reside in and around the residential/agricultural areas while 15 of the coyotes range from Moran Junction south to the National Elk Refuge. One coyote has remained in Bridger-Teton National Forest near Upper Slide Lake. Marked coyotes were monitored three times a week in the summer and two times a week during the winter via radio telemetry. Preliminary data suggests that the home range size of coyotes in GTNP is larger than that of coyotes in developed areas. Activity levels appear to be lower in residential/agricultural areas during daylight hours. Coyote diet is currently being assessed via scat dissection, and prey availability was determined using Sherman live traps during the summer and early fall. Habitat use will be determined by overlaying coyote home ranges onto habitat maps. Vegetation plots were conducted in five habitat types (aspen, conifer, grass, riparian, sage) to determine vegetation structure. All of the above methods will be repeated in summer 1999. During winter 1999, telemetry surveys and scat collection will continue. Additionally, snow tracking surveys and coyote observations will be conducted to determine coyote group size and behavior. If time allows, relative density estimates and social organization will be determined. The intention of this study is also to collect baseline data on coyotes before and during wolf (Canis lupus) recolonization of Jackson Hole.

Home range and habitat use by Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) within a rainforest fragment in north Queensland

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dendrolagus Lumholtzi

Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi), one the largest arboreal mammals in Australia, has been poorly studied owing to its limited distributional range and secretive habits within tropical rainforests. This study investigated the way D. lumholtzi used its habitat within a rainforest fragment on the Atherton Tableland, North Queensland. Thirteen animals were fitted with radio-collars to determine their spatial and temporal use of habitat. Female D. lumholtzi used exclusive home ranges averaging 0.7 ha in area (90% harmonic mean), while males occupied larger home ranges of an average of approximately 2 ha, allowing for a density of 1.4–1.5 adult tree-kangaroos per hectare within the study area. The exception to this home- range size was one juvenile male presumably undergoing post-natal dispersal that used several forest fragments and other habitats, with a home range of 332 ha. Home ranges of males overlapped in part the ranges of several females. Home ranges of males tended to abut those of other males, and antagonistic encounters occurred at the boundaries of the home ranges. Males had a significantly larger body size than females (males 8.63 kg; females 7.05 kg). Social interactions between individuals, apart from antagonistic male–male encounters, were observed infrequently. Only 6% and 2.7% of fixes for females and males, respectively, included the presence of another animal in the same or adjacent tree at the time of location. Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos were associated with a wide range of rainforest trees and a smaller number of vine species. However, in general, individual animals regularly associated with only a small suite (mean 3.5 species with >10% usage) of tree species present within their home range, and appeared to display individual preferences for certain species. Individual radio-tracked D. lumholtzi were visible only 9.4% of the time at night, and 20% of the time during the day. Males and females were as visible as each other, and both were seen significantly lower in the canopy and into the mid-storey during the night than during the day.

The influence of pasture distribution, temperature and sex on home-range size of feral pigs in a semi-arid environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Semi Arid

In this study the home-range sizes of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) at Nocoleche Nature Reserve, semi-arid New South Wales were measured by radio-telemetry over the course of a drought. The abundance of food was indexed simultaneously by the amount of pasture in the four most common habitats at Nocoleche (shrubland, woodland, riverine woodland, and ephemeral swamps). The influence of the pig's sex, and mean maximum temperature and pasture biomass on the home-range size of pigs were examined using ANOVA and multiple regression, respectively. Mean home-range size of males was 7.9–11.6 km2 and that for females was 4.2–8.0 km2 . Males had significantly larger home ranges than females, and their home-range size did not change significantly over the course of the drought. In contrast, the size of the home ranges of females changed significantly and was correlated negatively with the abundance of pasture biomass in shrublands and mean maximum temperature, and positively with the abundance of pasture biomass in ephemeral swamps. The conclusion from this study is that males maintained a large, unvarying, home range to maximise access to females while females changed their home-range size according the abundance of food and the constraints of high temperature.

Home Range, Dispersal and Density of Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes L.) In Central Victoria.

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Coman ◽  
J Robinson ◽  
C Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Breeding Pair ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Central Victoria

Between 1983 and 1986, various aspects of red fox spatial behaviour were studied in both rural and semi-urban environments in central Victoria. Using radio-telemetry, the short-term home ranges of three adult foxes (2 male, 1 female) in a pasture/woodland habitat were estimated to be of the order of 5-7 km2 each. In a semi-urban environment nearby, the home ranges of a further 3 adult animals (2 male, 1 female) were estimated to be 0.6-1.3 km2 each. Estimates of home range size based on a 90% space utilisation effectively halved the home range area for all six foxes. There were indications that, for the animals concerned, ranges were mutually exclusive except in the case of a breeding pair which shared a common home range. During the studies, 137 young fox cubs were ear-tagged and released at the point of capture. Subsequently, 46 of these animals were returned by hunters. Nearly 70% of the returned animals were killed at a distance of 2 km or less from the tagging site but dispersal distances of up to 30 km were recorded. The average dispersal distance for animals killed more than 2 km from the tagging site was 11 km. Estimates of fox density in a rural area of some 2400 ha were obtained by a survey of active breeding dens in the 1985 and 1986 breeding seasons. Assuming one breeding pair plus three surviving young per litter, the maximum summer density was estimated at about 3.0 foxes km-2 and the minimum winter density as about 1.2 foxes km-2. For a further estimate of density, 13 foxes were live-captured, fitted with radios and released. In a short control program on the study area a few weeks later, 7 of these animals were recovered in a total sample of 50 foxes killed. The remaining 6 foxes were established as still present in the study area. Using this capturehecapture data, an early autumn density of about 3.9 foxes km-2 was indicated. The significance of this data in relation to the possible role of foxes as vectors of rabies disease in Australia is discussed.

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