scholarly journals Metabolic Fates of Evening Crop-Stored Sugar in Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Eberts ◽  
Morag Dick ◽  
Kenneth Welch
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Energy Maximization ◽  
Evening Hyperphagia

During the day, hummingbirds quickly metabolize floral nectar to fuel high metabolic demands, but are unable to feed at night. Though stored fat is the primary nocturnal metabolic fuel, it has been suggested that hummingbirds store nectar in their crop to offset fat expenditure in the night or to directly fuel their first foraging trip in the morning. We examine the use of crop-stored sugar in the nocturnal energy budget of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) using respirometry and 13C stable isotope analysis. Hummingbirds were fed a 13C-enriched sugar solution before lights-out and held in respirometry chambers overnight without food. Respirometry results indicate that the hummingbirds metabolized the sugar in the evening meal in less than 2 h, and subsequently primarily catabolized fat. Breath stable isotope signatures provide the key insight that the hummingbirds converted a substantial portion of an evening meal to fats, which they later catabolized to support their overnight metabolism and spare endogenous energy stores. These results show that the value of a hummingbird’s evening meal depends on how much of this energy was converted to fat. Furthermore, this suggests that evening hyperphagia is an important energy maximization strategy, especially during energetically expensive periods such as migration or incubation.

scholarly journals Developing Non-destructive Methods to Determine Natal Origins of Snake River Cutthroat Trout in the Jackson Lake Watershed

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Scott Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures ◽  
Non Destructive

Across their native ranges, cutthroat trout populations are imperiled due to habitat loss, habitat alteration, and introduction of non-native species (Liknes and Graham 1988, Behnke 1992, Hitt et al. 2003). These changes have not gone undetected and a great deal of time and money have been invested in conservation and restoration of cutthroat trout populations (Kershner 1995, USDA 1996, Young and Harig 2002, Baker et al. 2008). The success of these projects is tightly linked to the ability of resource managers to prioritize management efforts. Specifically, where should the investments of time and money br focused to yield the greatest impact on conservation and restoration. This study proposes to use a relatively new, proven analytical tool, stable isotope analysis, to identify differences in the stable isotope signatures of tributary streams entering Jackson Lake. These differences are translated into the tissues, specifically otolith bones, of cutthroat trout that use these tributaries during early life stages or upon return for spawning (Kennedy et al. 2002, Muhlfeld et al. 2005, Coghlan et al. 2007, Barnett-Johnson et al. 2008, Walther et al. 2008, Ziegler and Whitledge 2010). The ability to link adult trout back to their natal origins and identify where these adults are returning to spawn will provide the data resource managers need to prioritize conservation and restoration efforts in the upper Snake River watershed, with special emphasis on tributary streams entering Jackson Lake.

scholarly journals Technical note: comparison of water vapor sampling techniques for stable isotope analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Dionisio Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Miriam Coenders-Gerrits ◽  
Thom Bogaard ◽  
Erika Vatiero ◽  
Hubert Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Cavity Output ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Vapor Sampling

Abstract. Water vapor samples are key elements to describe the evaporation process thanks to the stable isotope signatures of δ2H and δ18O. However, its sampling is a difficult task that can introduce errors due to isotopic fractionation. This study investigates the consistency of different sampling techniques for atmospheric water vapor. The isotope signature of a parcel of air was determined with a cavity output spectroscopy device during a period of 3 hours (benchmark). This parcel of air was sampled simultaneously with 3 types of sampling bags made of different materials (metalized polyethylene -MPE-, polyvinyl fluoride -PVF-, low density polyethylene -LDPE-) and with 2 cryogenic baths running at two different pumping rates (3 L min-1 and 50 mL min-1). The tested water vapor sampling techniques differ in their ability to keep reliable measurements after sampling and are highly susceptible to procedural errors. MPE bags are the best option for measuring samples up to two weeks of storage after sampling. LDPE and PVF bags are only reliable if the measurement is performed on the same sampling day.

scholarly journals Intra-hair stable isotope analysis implies seasonal shift to salmon in gray wolf diet

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
C T Darimont ◽  
T E Reimchen
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Seasonal Shift ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures

Seasonal shifts in diet are widespread, but our ability to detect them can be limited. Comparisons of stable isotope signatures in metabolically inert tissue portions grown at different times are inadequately exploited in dietary reconstructions. We propose that segments of guard hair can index diet to periods of growth (i.e., seasons differing in resource availability). We examined inter-hair δ13C and δ15N signatures from gray wolves (Canis lupus) of British Columbia to test whether the bulk of enriched (marine-derived) nutrients was assimilated during fall, the peak of salmon (Onchorynchus spp.) migration. In five animals, we detected a seasonal dietary shift: relatively more 13C and 15N was assimilated during fall than during summer, suggesting use of salmon during fall. Twelve wolves and both controls showed no seasonal shift in diet. Using salmon when available may be adaptive, given its predictability, spatial constraint, caloric content, and lower potential to inflict injury relative to that imposed by large mammals. Our study complements others that also used novel and fine-scale isotope approaches and may permit the identification of otherwise undetectable niche differentiation among conspecifics or heterospecifics.

scholarly journals Coupled micromorphological and stable isotope analysis of Quaternary calcrete development

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Adamson ◽  
Ian Candy ◽  
Liz Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Stable Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures ◽  
Positive Covariance

Pedogenic calcretes are widespread in arid and semi-arid regions. Using calcrete profiles from four river terraces of the Rio Alias in southeast Spain, this study explores the potential of using detailed micromorphological and stable isotopic analysis to more fully understand the impacts of Quaternary environmental change on calcrete development. The four profiles increase in carbonate complexity with progressive age, reflecting calcretisation over multiple glacial–interglacial cycles since MIS 9 (c. 300 ka). Calcrete profiles contain a mixture of Alpha (non-biogenic) and Beta (biogenic) microfabrics. Alpha fabrics have higher δ13C and δ18O values. The profiles contain a range of crystal textures, but there is little difference between the δ13C and δ18O values of spar, microspar, and micrite cements. Strong positive covariance between δ13C and δ18O suggests that both isotopes are responding to the same environmental parameter, which is inferred to be relative aridity. The study reveals that the detailed co-analysis of calcrete micromorphology and stable isotope signatures can allow patterns of calcrete formation to be placed into a wider palaeoclimatic context. This demonstrates the potential of this technique to more reliably constrain the palaeoenvironmental significance of secondary carbonates in dryland settings where other proxy records may be poorly preserved.

Development of an In-Situ Mass Spectrometer for Stable Isotope Analysis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Short ◽  
Gottfried P. Kibelka ◽  
Robert H. Byrne ◽  
David Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis

LATE HOLOCENE HYDROCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION FROM LAKE CHICHOJ, GUATEMALA USING STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mortensen ◽  
◽  
Nathan D. Stansell ◽  
Byron A. Steinman ◽  
Gilles Y. Brocard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Isotope Analysis

scholarly journals Diet of Leptobotia elongata revealed by stomach content analysis and inferred from stable isotope signatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1965-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
Q. Wei Wei ◽  
J. Ming Wu ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures

Exploring the Potential of Electrospray-Orbitrap for Stable Isotope Analysis Using Nitrate as a Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hilkert ◽  
John K. Böhlke ◽  
Stanley J. Mroczkowski ◽  
Kyle L. Fort ◽  
Konstantin Aizikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis
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