scholarly journals Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloroplast and Mitochondria Genomes from the Antarctic Polytrichaceae Species Polytrichum juniperinum and Polytrichum strictum

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine de Freitas ◽  
Geferson Metz ◽  
Ehidy Cañon ◽  
Luiz Roesch ◽  
Antonio Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Majority Rule ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
Polytrichum Strictum ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
The Antarctic

In this study, the organelle genomes of Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. and Polytrichum strictum Menzies ex Brid. (Polytrichaceae, Bryophyta) from Antarctica were sequenced and compared with the plastomes of the model moss species Physcomitrella patens Brid. The sizes of the cpDNA in P. juniperinum and P. strictum were estimated to be 55,168 and 20,183 bp, respectively; the sizes of the mtDNA were 88,021 and 58,896 bp, respectively. The genomes are very similar to each other, with the possible loss of petN in the cpDNA, which also showed some gene inversions when compared with the cpDNAs of P. patens Brid. In the mtDNA, it is possible that rps10 was lost. In contrast, Antarctic Polytrichaceae species have nad7 and orf187, without the occurrence of rearrangement events. Phylogenomic analyses of the plastid and mitochondria revealed that the majority-rule tree suggests some differences in the plastids ancestry, however, P. juniperinum and P. strictum were grouped in the same clade in chloroplast, but in mitochondria P. strictum was grouped with Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. This study helped us understand the evolution of plastomes and chondriosomes in the family Polytrichaceae, and suggest a hybridization event with relation to the mitochondrial data.

scholarly journals Global biogeographic patterns in bipolar moss species

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 170147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Biersma ◽  
J. A. Jackson ◽  
J. Hyvönen ◽  
S. Koskinen ◽  
K. Linse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
The Antarctic

A bipolar disjunction is an extreme, yet common, biogeographic pattern in non-vascular plants, yet its underlying mechanisms (vicariance or long-distance dispersal), origin and timing remain poorly understood. Here, combining a large-scale population dataset and multiple dating analyses, we examine the biogeography of four bipolar Polytrichales mosses, common to the Holarctic (temperate and polar Northern Hemisphere regions) and the Antarctic region (Antarctic, sub-Antarctic, southern South America) and other Southern Hemisphere (SH) regions. Our data reveal contrasting patterns, for three species were of Holarctic origin, with subsequent dispersal to the SH, while one, currently a particularly common species in the Holarctic ( Polytrichum juniperinum ), diversified in the Antarctic region and from here colonized both the Holarctic and other SH regions. Our findings suggest long-distance dispersal as the driver of bipolar disjunctions. We find such inter-hemispheric dispersals are rare, occurring on multi-million-year timescales. High-altitude tropical populations did not act as trans-equatorial ‘stepping-stones’, but rather were derived from later dispersal events. All arrivals to the Antarctic region occurred well before the Last Glacial Maximum and previous glaciations, suggesting that, despite the harsh climate during these past glacial maxima, plants have had a much longer presence in this southern region than previously thought.

scholarly journals Segeticoccus rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil of a farming field

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Chan Lee ◽  
Kyung-Sook Whang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diamino Acid ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Similarities

A Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, designated YJ01T, was isolated from a spinach farming field soil at Shinan in Korea. Strain YJ01T was aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming cocci with diameters of 1.5–1.9 µm, and was able to grow at 10–37 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), at pH 4.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and at salinities of 0–7.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 % NaCl). Sequence similarities of the 16S rRNA gene of strain YJ01T with closely related relatives were in the range 96.2–92.8 %, and the results of phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain YJ01T was clearly separated from species of genera in the family Intrasporangiaceae showing average nucleotide identity values of 84.2–83.4 %. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:1 h, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was l-Orn–Gly2–d-Glu. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, an unidentified phosphatidylglycolipid, two unidentified phosphoaminolipids and an unidentified phosphoglycoaminolipid. The G+C content of the genome was 70.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties and phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome sequences, strain YJ01T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Intrasporangiaceae , for which the name Segeticoccus rhizosphaerae gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Segeticoccus rhizosphaerae is YJ01T (=KACC 19547T=NBRC 113173T).

The Family of CONSTANS‐Like Genes in Physcomitrella patens

Plant Biology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zobell ◽  
G. Coupland ◽  
B. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
The Family

Opportunistic fungi found in fairy rings are present on different moss species in the Antarctic Peninsula

Polar Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Rosa ◽  
Jordana Rosa Paiva de Sousa ◽  
Graciéle Cunha Alves de Menezes ◽  
Lívia da Costa Coelho ◽  
Micheline Carvalho-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Fairy Rings ◽  
The Antarctic

The ANDEEP Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) revisited I: the family Agathotanaidae Lang, with description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3630 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM LARSEN ◽  
GRAHAM BIRD ◽  
MAYUMI OTA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Incomplete Fusion ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
One New Species

Specimens collected during the ANDEEP I and II expeditions revealed a number of new species of tanaidacean from the family Agathotanaidae. One new species of Metagathotanais (M. furcilla), two of Paragathotanais (P. diunguisus, P. triunguisus) and one of Paranarthrura, (P. coimbrai) are described in this study. Metagathotanais furcilla can be separated from all other species by the incomplete fusion of the pleonites and the presence of dorsodistal spines of the propodi of pereopods 4–6. Paragathotanais diunguisus can be separated from all other species by the pereopod propodi with numerous distal spines and the numbers of spiniform setae on the pereopod 4–6 dactylus. Paragathotanais triunguisus can be separated from all other species by the numbers of spiniform setae on the pereopod 4–6 dactyli and the lack of maxilliped endite setae. Paranarthrura coimbrai can be separated from most other species on the spines on the propodi and ungues of pereopods 4–6. A key is given to the agathotanaids in the Antarctic/Subantarctic sector. This brings the number of agathotanaid species recorded from the Subantarctic and Antarctic sectors of theAtlantic to nine.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Genomic Analyses of the OM43 Clade, Including a Novel Species from the Red Sea, Indicate Ecotype Differentiation among Marine Methylotrophs

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francy Jimenez-Infante ◽  
David Kamanda Ngugi ◽  
Manikandan Vinu ◽  
Intikhab Alam ◽  
Allan Anthony Kamau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nadh:Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

ABSTRACTThe OM43 clade within the familyMethylophilaceaeofBetaproteobacteriarepresents a group of methylotrophs that play important roles in the metabolism of C1compounds in marine environments and other aquatic environments around the globe. Using dilution-to-extinction cultivation techniques, we successfully isolated a novel species of this clade (here designated MBRS-H7) from the ultraoligotrophic open ocean waters of the central Red Sea. Phylogenomic analyses indicate that MBRS-H7 is a novel species that forms a distinct cluster together with isolate KB13 from Hawaii (Hawaii-Red Sea [H-RS] cluster) that is separate from the cluster represented by strain HTCC2181 (from the Oregon coast). Phylogenetic analyses using the robust 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer revealed a potential ecotype separation of the marine OM43 clade members, which was further confirmed by metagenomic fragment recruitment analyses that showed trends of higher abundance in low-chlorophyll and/or high-temperature provinces for the H-RS cluster but a preference for colder, highly productive waters for the HTCC2181 cluster. This potential environmentally driven niche differentiation is also reflected in the metabolic gene inventories, which in the case of the H-RS cluster include those conferring resistance to high levels of UV irradiation, temperature, and salinity. Interestingly, we also found different energy conservation modules between these OM43 subclades, namely, the existence of the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase complex I (NUO) system in the H-RS cluster and the nonhomologous NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQR) system in the HTCC2181 cluster, which might have implications for their overall energetic yields.

Short Note: Circumpolar distribution of the pycnogonid-ectoparasitic gastropod Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, ) (Mollusca: Zerotulidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Schiaparelli ◽  
Marco Oliverio ◽  
Marco Taviani ◽  
Huw Griffiths ◽  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Life Style ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Circumpolar Distribution ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Antarctic

The Antarctic gastropod Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990) (originally described as Laevilittorina (Corneolittorina) labioflecta) is an obligate parasite of pycnogonids, which exploits their body fluids through the cuticular gland holes (Lehmann et al. 2007) and lays its eggs on the pycnogonid's legs where embryos complete their life cycle (Hedgpeth 1964, Sirenko 2000, Lehmann et al. 2007). The ecology of D. labioflecta appears to be unique, as no other examples of such a specialized parasitic behaviour on pycnogonids are known. This life-style and the related anatomical specializations (gut and digestive gland morphology), prompted the erection of a new genus, Dickdellia Warén & Hain, 1996 provisionally included in the family Zerotulidae (Warén & Hain 1996). Although information is quite scant, to date, two pycnogonid host species are known for Dickdellia: Colossendeis megalonyx megalonyx Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969 (Lehmann et al. 2007) and Nymphon isabellae Turpaeva, 2000 (Sirenko 2000).

On the food of the Antarctic sea anemone Urticinopsis antarctica Carlgren, 1927 (Actiniidae, Actiniaria, Anthozoa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Ivanova ◽  
S.D. Grebelnyi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Gastrovascular Cavity ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Sterechinus Neumayeri ◽  
The Family ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
The Antarctic

The results of an investigation into coelenteron content of the Antarctic sea anemone Urticinopsis antarctica Carlgren, 1927 are presented. Remains of invertebrate animals and fishes were found in the gastrovascular cavity of anemones. Some of them were damaged by digestion and were considered as food items of U. antarctica. These items were molluscs Addamussium colbecki (Smith, 1902), Laevilacunaria pumilia Smith, 1879, Eatoniella caliginosa Smith, 1875 and one not strictly identified gastropod species from the family Rissoidae; a crinoid from the family Comatulida; sea-urchin Sterechinus neumayeri Meissner, 1900; ophiuroid Ophiurolepis brevirima Mortensen, 1936 and a fish Trematomus sp. In contrast to the prey mentioned above, three specimens of amphipods Conicostoma sp. were not destroyed by digestion. They may represent commensals, which live in the gastrovascular cavity of the anemone.

Inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in incense-cedar (Calocedrusdecurrens)

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Neale ◽  
Kimberly A. Marshall ◽  
David E. Harry
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Paternal Inheritance ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Paternal inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in incense-cedar (Calocedrusdecurrens (Torr.) Florin (Cupressaceae)) controlled crosses was demonstrated using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The only other plant species for which paternal inheritance of both organelle genomes has been reported is Sequoiasempervirens (D. Don) Endl., a member of the family Taxodiaceae, which is thought to be closely related to the Cupressaceae. These taxa differ from the family Pinaceae, where chloroplast DNA is predominately paternally inherited and mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited.

scholarly journals Antarctic bryophyte research—current state and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO E.A.S. CÂMARA ◽  
MICHELINE CARVALHO-SILVA ◽  
MICHAEL STECH
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Antarctic Moss

Botany is one of the oldest sciences done south of parallel 60 °S, although few professional botanists have dedicated themselves to investigating the Antarctic bryoflora. After the publications of liverwort and moss floras in 2000 and 2008, respectively, new species were described. Currently, the Antarctic bryoflora comprises 28 liverwort and 116 moss species. Furthermore, Antarctic bryology has entered a new phase characterized by the use of molecular tools, in particular DNA sequencing. Although the molecular studies of Antarctic bryophytes have focused exclusively on mosses, molecular data (fingerprinting data and/or DNA sequences) have already been published for 36 % of the Antarctic moss species. In this paper we review the current state of Antarctic bryological research, focusing on molecular studies and conservation, and discuss future questions of Antarctic bryology in the light of global challenges.

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