scholarly journals Crystal Growth of High-Quality Protein Crystals under the Presence of an Alternant Electric Field in Pulse-Wave Mode, and a Strong Magnetic Field with Radio Frequency Pulses Characterized by X-ray Diffraction

Crystals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Wave Mode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Radio Frequency Pulses

Technology of high quality protein crystals’ obtaining aboard the ISS at execution of joint Japanese–Russian experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Koji INAKA ◽  
Saori ICHIMIZU ◽  
Izumi YOSHIZAKI ◽  
Kiyohito KIHIRA ◽  
Elena G. LAVRENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Space ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Quality Protein

A series of space experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) associated with high-quality Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) in microgravity conditions can be considered as a unique and one of the best examples of fruitful collaboration between Japanese and Russian scientists and engineers in space, which includes also other ISS International Partners. X-ray diffraction is still the most powerful tool to determine the protein three dimensional structure necessary for Structure based drug design (SBDD). The major purpose of the experiment is to grow high quality protein crystals in microgravity for X-ray diffraction on Earth. Within one and a half decade, Japan and Russia have established an efficient process over PCG in space to support latest developments over drug design and structural biology. One of the keys for success of the experiment lies in how precisely pre-launch preparations are made. Japanese party provides flight equipment for crystallization and ensures the required environment to support the experiment aboard of the ISS’s Kibo module, and also mainly takes part of the experiment ground support such as protein sample characterization, purification, crystallization screening, and solution optimization for microgravity experiment. Russian party is responsible for integration of the flight items equipped with proteins and precipitants on board Russian transportation space vehicles (Soyuz or Progress), for delivery them at the ISS, transfer to Kibo module, and returning the experiments’ results back on Earth aboard Soyuz manned capsule. Due to close cooperation of the parties and solid organizational structure, samples can be launched at the ISS every half a year if the ground preparation goes smoothly. The samples are crystallized using counter diffusion method at 20 degree C for 1–2.5 months. After samples return, the crystals are carefully taken out from the capillary, and frozen for X-ray diffraction at SPring8 facility in Japan. Extensive support of researchers from both countries is also a part of this process. The paper analyses details of the PCG experiment scheme, unique and reliable technology of its execution, and contains examples of the application. Key words: International Space Station, Protein crystals, Microgravity, International collaboration.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Quality of Protein Crystals Grown by CLPC Seeds Method

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Yan ◽  
Liu ◽  
Wu ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Quality Protein

We present a systematic quality comparison of protein crystals obtained with and without cross-linked protein crystal (CLPC) seeds. Four proteins were used to conduct the experiments, and the results showed that crystals obtained in the presence of CLPC seeds exhibited a better morphology. In addition, the X-ray diffraction data showed that the CLPC seeds method is a powerful tool to obtain high-quality protein crystals. Therefore, we recommend the use of CLPC seeds in preparing high-quality diffracting protein crystals.

A quality comparison of protein crystals grown under containerless conditions generated by diamagnetic levitation, silicone oil and agarose gel

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1901-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Cao ◽  
Li-Hua Sun ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Hui-Meng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Crystal Quality ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diamagnetic Levitation ◽  
High Quality Protein

High-quality crystals are key to obtaining accurate three-dimensional structures of proteins using X-ray diffraction techniques. However, obtaining such protein crystals is often a challenge. Several containerless crystallization techniques have been reported to have the ability to improve crystal quality, but it is unknown which is the most favourable way to grow high-quality protein crystals. In this paper, a quality comparison of protein crystals which were grown under three containerless conditions provided by diamagnetic levitation, silicone oil and agarose gel was conducted. A control experiment on a vessel wall was also simultaneously carried out. Seven different proteins were crystallized under the four conditions, and the crystal quality was assessed in terms of the resolution limit, the mosaicity and theRmerge. It was found that the crystals grown under the three containerless conditions demonstrated better morphology than those of the control. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the quality of the crystals grown under the three containerless conditions was better than that of the control. Of the three containerless crystallization techniques, the diamagnetic levitation technique exhibited the best performance in enhancing crystal quality. This paper is to our knowledge the first report of improvement of crystal quality using a diamagnetic levitation technique. Crystals obtained from agarose gel demonstrated the second best improvement in crystal quality. The study indicated that the diamagnetic levitation technique is indeed a favourable method for growing high-quality protein crystals, and its utilization is thus potentially useful in practical efforts to obtain well diffracting protein crystals.

scholarly journals Novel Device and Strategy for Growing Large, High-Quality Protein Crystals by Controlling Crystallization Conditions

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Naoki Tanigawa ◽  
Sachiko Takahashi ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Masayuki Kamo ◽  
Naoki Furubayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Crystallization Conditions

Neutron diffraction experiments are informative for determining the locations of hydrogen atoms in protein molecules; however, much larger crystals are needed than those required for X-ray diffraction. Thus, additional techniques are required to grow larger crystals. Here, a unique crystallization device and strategy for growing large protein crystals are introduced. The device uses two micropumps to control crystal growth by altering the precipitant concentration and regulating the pinpoint injection of dry air flow to the crystallization cell. Furthermore, the crystal growth can be observed in real time. Preliminary microbatch crystallization experiments at various concentration ranges of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and sodium chloride were first performed to elucidate optimized crystallization conditions. Based on these results, a device to precisely control the sodium chloride and PEG concentrations and the supply of dry air to the crystallization cell was used, and 1.8 mm lysozyme and 1.5 mm alpha-amylase crystals with good reproducibility were obtained. X-ray data sets of both crystals were collected at room temperature at BL2S1 of the Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center and confirmed that these crystals were of high quality. Therefore, this crystallization device and strategy were effective for growing large, high-quality protein crystals.

Growth of ZnGeP2 Single Crystal by Three-Temperature-Zone Furnace

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Shi Fu Zhu ◽  
Yong Qiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Zone ◽  
Multiple Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Growth Interface ◽  
X Ray

In order to meet the requirements of growing high-quality ZnGeP2, a crystal growth furnace with three-temperature-zone was designed and fabricated based on a conventional vertical two-zone tubular resistance furnace. Appropriate temperature gradients of 12~15°C/cm at the growth interface and stable thermal profile were obtained. A crack-free ZnGeP2 single crystal with size of Φ15mm×30mm was grown successfully in the furnace mentioned above. The as-grown crystal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared (IR) spectrophotometers. It is found that there is a cleavage face of (101) and X-ray multiple diffraction peaks of the {101} faces are observed, The infrared transmission of a ZnGeP2 wafer of 3 mm thickness is about 50% in the region of 3~10μm. These results show the designed crystal growth furnace is suitable for growth of ZnGeP2 crystal, and the as-grown ZnGeP2 crystal has good structural integrity and high quality.

scholarly journals Technique for High-Quality Protein Crystal Growth by Control of Subgrain Formation under an External Electric Field

Crystals ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Koizumi ◽  
Satoshi Uda ◽  
Kozo Fujiwara ◽  
Masaru Tachibana ◽  
Kenichi Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Protein Crystal Growth ◽  
Subgrain Formation

scholarly journals Synthesis of magnesium carbonate hydrate from natural talc

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 951-961
Author(s):  
Qiuju Chen ◽  
Tao Hui ◽  
Hongjuan Sun ◽  
Tongjiang Peng ◽  
Wenjin Ding
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonation Process

AbstractVarious morphologies of magnesium carbonate hydrate had been synthesized without using any organic additives by carefully adjusting the reaction temperature and time during the talc carbonation process. At lower temperatures, magnesium carbonate hydrate was prone to display needle-like morphology. With the further increase of the carbonation temperature, the sheet-like crystallites became the preferred morphology, and at higher aging temperatures, these crystallites tended to assemble into layer-like structures with diverse morphologies, such as rose-like particles and nest-like structure. The reaction time had no effect on the crystal morphology, but it affected the particle size and situation of the crystal growth. X-Ray diffraction results showed that these various morphologies were closely related to their crystal structure and compositions. The needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate had a formula of MgCO3·3H2O, whereas with the morphological transformation from needle-like to sheet-like, rose-like, and nest-like structure, their corresponding compositions also changed from MgCO3·3H2O to 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·8H2O, 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O, and 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O.

scholarly journals Modeling of magneto-conductivity of bismuth selenide: a topological insulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Rabia Sultana ◽  
Prince Sharma ◽  
V. P. S. Awana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractWe report the magneto-conductivity analysis of Bi2Se3 single crystal at different temperatures in a magnetic field range of ± 14 T. The single crystals are grown by the self-flux method and characterized through X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The single crystals show magnetoresistance (MR%) of around 380% at a magnetic field of 14 T and a temperature of 5 K. The Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka (HLN) equation has been used to fit the magneto-conductivity (MC) data. However, the HLN fitted curve deviates at higher magnetic fields above 1 T, suggesting that the role of surface-driven conductivity suppresses with an increasing magnetic field. This article proposes a speculative model comprising of surface-driven HLN and added quantum diffusive and bulk carriers-driven classical terms. The model successfully explains the MC of the Bi2Se3 single crystal at various temperatures (5–200 K) and applied magnetic fields (up to 14 T).

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