scholarly journals The Effect of Red Mud on Sintering Processes and Minerals of Portland Cement for Roads

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1267
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ke Sun ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Juntao Ma ◽  
Zhongtao Luo
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Silicate Phase ◽  
Alumina Industry ◽  
Storage Problem ◽  
Sintering Processes

As a solid waste generated in the alumina industry, red mud poses a significant environmental hazard and a storage problem. In this study, red mud was added to road cement clinker in order to utilize it. The sintering red mud was first de-alkalized, and then mixed with fly ash, clay, limestone, and sandstone, among other materials, to make Portland cement for road clinker. The effect of the addition of red mud on the thermal decomposition characteristics of Portland cement for roads was studied. The existent states of alkali and radioactive elements in Portland cement for road clinker were investigated by XRD and SEM analysis. The research results showed that the addition of red mud in Portland cement for road raw material significantly promoted the decomposition of carbonates in raw material. The major mineral phases of Portland cement for road clinker were C3S with a polyhedral morphology, quasi-sphericalC2S, and tubular C4AF. A small part of the alkali combined with the silicate phase to form a solid solution, and most of the alkali combined with S to form vermiform sulfate in the intermediate phase. The radionuclide 226Ra was mainly distributed in the silicate phase.232Th was mainly distributed in interstitial phases and then silicate phases, while 40Kwasmainly distributed in the interstitial phases.

scholarly journals Utilization of Iron Ore Tailings as Raw Material for Portland Cement Clinker Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Yimin Zhang ◽  
Shenxu Bao ◽  
Tiejun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Clinker Production

The cement industry has for some time been seeking alternative raw material for the Portland cement clinker production. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of utilizing iron ore tailings (IOT) to replace clay as alumina-silicate raw material for the production of Portland cement clinker. For this purpose, two kinds of clinkers were prepared: one was prepared by IOT; the other was prepared by clay as a reference. The reactivity and burnability of raw meal, mineralogical composition and physical properties of clinker, and hydration characteristic of cement were studied by burnability analysis, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and hydration analysis. The results showed that the raw meal containing IOT had higher reactivity and burnability than the raw meal containing clay, and the use of IOT did not affect the formation of characteristic mineralogical phases of Portland cement clinker. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical performance of two cement clinkers were similar. In addition, the use of IOT was found to improve the grindability of clinker and lower the hydration heat of Portland cement. These findings suggest that IOT can replace the clay as alumina-silicate raw material for the preparation of Portland cement clinker.

Co-processing of Grinding Sludge as Alternative Raw Material in Portland Cement Clinker Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1525-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Punmathari ◽  
M. Rachakornk ◽  
A. Imyim ◽  
M. Wecharatan
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Clinker Production

Red mud addition in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker

2004 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Tsakiridis ◽  
S. Agatzini-Leonardou ◽  
P. Oustadakis
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker

Life Cycle Assessment of Cement Clinker Production Using Coal Gangue as Alternative Raw Material and Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Ping Cui ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Wang ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Clinker Production

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to quantify and analyze the environmental impact and benefit caused by the utilization of coal gangue as alternative raw material and fuel in cement clinker production. The optimal dosage of coal gangue was determined by comparing among different mixing amount scenarios and Portland cement clinker (clinker without adding any waste) considering the phases of coal gangue disposal, transportation, and raw meal grinding and clinker calcination. The results showed that: 1) After adding coal gangue to the raw meal, almost all the considered environmental impacts of cement clinker including human toxicity potential, photochemical smog potential, especially abiotic depletion potential decreased significantly. However, global warming potential and acidification potential increased slightly in comparison with Portland cement clinker. 2) Compared with the Portland cement clinker, the single environmental indicator reduced after adding coal gangue and the indicator decreased gradually with the dosage increasing.

scholarly journals The influence of mechanical activation on the process of reaction sintering of Portland cement clinker

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Zivanovic ◽  
Tatjana Sreckovic ◽  
M. Komljenovic
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker

In this paper, results of an investigation of the influence of mechanical activation of a raw material mixture on processes of synthesis and reaction sintering of Portland cement clinker are given. Activation was performed in a vibro mill with rings for 30 minutes in a continual regime in air. It has been established that mechanical activation of the starting raw material mixture increases general activity, which is mostly reflected in reduction of temperatures at which relevant chemical reactions and sintering occur. This is very significant from the viewpoint of the increasingly necessary efficiency and cheaper production, i.e. energy savings during synthesis of Portland cement clinker and indicates that further investigation of the influence of mechanical activation is more than justified.

MANUFACTURE OF MODIFIED ARBOLIT FROM LOCAL RAW MATERIALS: OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF RAW MATERIAL COMPONENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
A. K. Matyeva
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Clay Component

Introduction. The creation of energy-saving materials involves the use of local raw materials for products with improved physic-mechanical properties. The author carries optimization of the rational composition and properties of modified arbolite from plant-gypsum composition (PGC). In addition, the author uses modifiers on new ways of preparing the aggregate according to the method of experimental and statistical modeling.Materials and methods. The author used the cereal straw grown in the Kyrgyz Republic (CS), G-5 and G-7 construction gypsum based on local raw materials, ash from the Bishkek Heat and Power Plant (BHPP), portland cement clinker PCC, natural clay (ganch). Moreover, the clay component of the Toloykonsky deposit was used as the clay component. The author also added the liquid glass, latex SCS, the low-concentration resin LCR-3066 + catalyst of ionic type (CIT) as modifiers for the formation of the porous polymer-silicate systems. The paper marked the plasticizing additives in the manufacture of arbolite as SCS, LCR and CIT components. As a retarder the setting of gypsum was added a partial salt 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid with triethanolamine and flame retardants. The tests were carried out according to standard methods. To optimize the composition and properties of the polymersilicate-gypsum composition (PSGC), the author carried out a three-factor experiment according to the B3 plan, where three prescription factors varied: X1 – straw content,%; X2 – content of polymer silicate additives (PSA) + plasticizer,%; X3 – gypsum content + portland cement clinker as a nitroperimethyl phosphoric acid (NPA) and flame gypsum retarder.Results. The research showed that at 28 days of age for cement-free gypsum compositions as the content of straw increased, the strength was almost unchanged. When comparing the strength of the same samples of 2 and 28 days strength with the maximum filling of gypsum, the author defined that the PSA content should not exceed 12% when the straw additive was 26% and further PSA increasing did not increase the strength.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the author achieves maximum strength of the arbolit, when the content of G-7 gypsum is 28-32%, ash is 18-22% and PSC is 8-10%. The maximum value of strength and water resistance of the material is achieved with a rational ratio of components: straw – 24–28%, G-7 gypsum – 30–32% + NSPL – 0,05%; ash – 18–22%; resin – 3066-8-12% + catalyst – 0,3% (87% sulfuric acid, 13% phosphoric acid); PCC – 3–5%; clay-gypsum (ganch) – 2%; liquid sodium glass – 12%; plasticizers CIT – 0,15%, SCS – 0,2%, LCR – 0,15%; modified hardener – 0,5% and water.

Kinetic Consideration of Clinker Formation in Portland Cement Production Using Demolition Rubbles (Concrete,mortar and plaster) Part I : Burning Ability of Raw Mixes

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sumardi P ◽  
I. B. Agra ◽  
I. M. Bendiyasa ◽  
Wahyudi B. S.
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Saturation Factor ◽  
Specific Operating Condition

Wahyudi B.S.Wahyudi B.S.In general, the main raw materials in Portland cement production are limestone, clay, and corrective materials such as iron sand and silica sand. These raw material come from natural deposits, which are very hard to find in some countries. In this research, Portland cement was made by utilizing the demolition rubble of office and housing buildings. The rubble consists of concrete wastes (mixtures of hydrated Portland cement minerals and some aggregates) and some building bricks as well as mortar/plaster of Portland cement. To meet the cement modulus, which is generally used in Portland cement industries, corrective materials such as limestone (source of CaO) and disposed building bricks are used. The term burning ability is used for Portland cement to measure the CaO free content in the cement clinker produced from specified raw material mixes at a specific operating 'condition of clinkering. The cement modulus used is Ume Saturation Factor (LSF) and Silica Modulus (SM). The minimum Cao free content was found by using LSF: 0.86, SM: 2.14, and clinkering temperature 14000C for 30 minutes. The cement modulus was made from concrete waste, limestone, and disposed red brick with a weight ratio of 1: 3.489: 0.677. Keywords: Burning ability,demolition rubble of buildings, Portland cement, and raw mixes.

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