scholarly journals The Electrochemical Mechanism of Preparing Mn from LiMn2O4 in Waste Batteries in Molten Salt

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Jinglong Liang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Zongying Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Electrochemical Mechanism

The electrochemical reduction mechanism of Mn in LiMn2O4 in molten salt was studied. The results show that in the NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt, the process of reducing from Mn (IV) to manganese is: Mn (IV)→Mn (III)→Mn (II)→Mn. LiMn2O4 reacts with molten salt to form CaMn2O4 after being placed in molten salt for 1 h. The reaction of reducing CaMn2O4 to Mn is divided into two steps: Mn (III)→Mn (II)→Mn. The results of constant voltage deoxidation experiments under different conditions show that the intermediate products of LiMn2O4 reduction to Mn are CaMn2O4, MnO, and (MnO)x(CaO)(1−x). As the reaction progresses, x gradually decreases, and finally the Mn element is completely reduced under the conditions of 3 V for 9 h. The CaO in the product can be removed by washing the sample with deionized water at 0 °C.

Electrochemical mechanism of Cr(iii) reduction for preparing crystalline chromium coatings based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (109) ◽  
pp. 64174-64182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinkuai He ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Qingyun Zhu ◽  
Bailong Hou ◽  
Yumei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Direct Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrochemical Mechanism ◽  
Nucleation Growth

We report a Cr(iii) electrochemical reduction mechanism and nucleation/growth process, and the direct electrodeposition of crystalline chromium coatings based on [BMIM]HSO4.

Polarographic reduction of α-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-α,β-dibromopropionic acid on mercury dropping electrode

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323
Author(s):  
Miloslava Počtová
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Polarographic Reduction ◽  
Polarographic Wave ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Active Intermediate

A mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of β-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-α,β-dibromopropionic acid is suggested based on the results of classical polarography and polarography with Kalousek's switch and on the identification of the polarographically active intermediate products. The substance converts to β-4-ethylbenzoylacrylic acid on the electrochemical elimination of the bromine atoms, and the latter acid is reduced further to β-4-ethylbenzoylpropionic acid. The most negative polarographic wave corresponds to the reduction of the carbonyl group in the benzoyl part of the last acid.

Electrochemical tools to disclose the electrochemical reduction mechanism of CO2 in aprotic solvents and ionic liquids

2021 ◽  
pp. 115411
Author(s):  
Silvia Mena ◽  
Esteve Ribas ◽  
Clara Richard ◽  
Iluminada Gallardo ◽  
Jordi Faraudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Reduction Mechanism

Electrochemical recovery of Ni metallic in molten salts from spent lithium-ion battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglong Liang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Chenxiao Li ◽  
Hongyan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolysis ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Constant Cell

AbstractMassive deployment of lithium-ion battery inevitably causes a large amount of solid waste. To be sustainably implemented, technologies capable of reducing environmental impacts and recovering resources from spent lithium-ion battery have been an urgent task. The electrochemical reduction of LiNiO2 to metallic nickel has been reported, which is a typical cathode material of lithium-ion battery. In this paper, the electrochemical reduction behavior of LiNiO2 is studied at 750 °C in the eutectic NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt, and the constant cell voltage electrolysis of LiNiO2 is carried out. The results show that Ni(III) is reduced to metallic nickel by a two-step process, Ni(III) → Ni(II) → Ni, which is quasi-reversible controlled by diffusion and electron transfer. After electrolysis for 6 h at 1.4 V, the surface of LiNiO2 cathode is reduced to metallic nickel, with NiO and a small amount of Li0.4Ni1.6O2 detected inside the partially reduced cathode. After prolonging the electrolysis time to 12 h, LiNiO2 is fully electroreduced to metallic nickel, achieving a high current efficiency of 98.60%. The present work highlights that molten salt electrolysis could be an effective protocol for reclamation of spent lithium-ion battery.

Electrochemical reduction mechanism of camptothecin at glassy carbon electrode

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Shah ◽  
Victor C. Diculescu ◽  
Rumana Qureshi ◽  
Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Reduction Mechanism

scholarly journals Electrochemical Study on the Reduction Mechanism of Uranium Oxide in a LiCl-Li2O Molten Salt

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Seok SEO ◽  
Sung Bin PARK ◽  
Byung Heung PARK ◽  
Ki Jung JUNG ◽  
Seong Won PARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Uranium Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Study ◽  
Reduction Mechanism

Electrochemical Reduction of Silicon Oxide and Codeposition of Al-Si Alloy from Cryolite Molten Salt

JOM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Yang ◽  
Wenju Tao ◽  
Liyu Chen ◽  
Jingui He ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Silicon Oxide

Clean preparation of V2O3 by one-step molten salt electrochemical reduction of soluble NaVO3

2021 ◽  
pp. 120346
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Zhao ◽  
Mingyong Wang ◽  
Yunfei Chen ◽  
Yongzheng Jia ◽  
Jialiang An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
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