scholarly journals ‘Horror Vacui’ in the Oxygen Sublattice of Lithium Niobate Made Affordable by Cationic Flexibility

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Gábor Corradi ◽  
László Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Charge Compensation ◽  
Oxygen Sublattice ◽  
Vacancy Defects ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Li Battery ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatments

The present review is intended to interest a broader audience interested in the resolution of the several decades-long controversy on the possible role of oxygen-vacancy defects in LiNbO3. Confronting ideas of a selected series of papers from classical experiments to brand new large-scale calculations, a unified interpretation of the defect generation and annealing mechanisms governing processes during thermo- and mechanochemical treatments and irradiations of various types is presented. The dominant role of as-grown and freshly generated Nb antisite defects as traps for small polarons and bipolarons is demonstrated, while mobile lithium vacancies, also acting as hole traps, are shown to provide flexible charge compensation needed for stability. The close relationship between LiNbO3 and the Li battery materials LiNb3O8 and Li3NbO4 is pointed out. The oxygen sublattice of the bulk plays a much more passive role, whereas oxygen loss and Li2O segregation take place in external or internal surface layers of a few nanometers.

COGNITIVE FOUNDATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING NOVEL GENRE CHARACTERISTICS (based on the analysis of “Never Let Me Go” by Kazuo Ishiguro)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
N.N. Boldyrev ◽  
◽  
B.S. Zhumagulova ◽  
D.T. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Matrix Space ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Kazuo Ishiguro ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Individual Interpretation

The article analyses the role of chronotope in implementing genre characteristics of different types of novels within the frame of one novel in a cognitive approach perspective. The authors proceed from the theoretical assumption that the content of any novel represents a multidimensional knowledge of the matrix format comprising various types of conceptual domains as specific cognitive contexts. These contexts refer to the knowledge not only about the plot and the composition of the novel, but also about its genre characteristics and their individual interpretation by the author of the novel. Accordingly, they choose cognitive matrix analysis as the methodological basis of the research. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of general principles and mechanisms of the author's individual interpretation and implementation of the concept of chronotope, suggested by M.M. Bakhtin, within the framework of a specific novel. In relation to the novel under discussion the authors of the article model chronotope in the form of the cognitive matrix SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM and analyze its conceptual structure as it is seen by the author of the novel, as well as his choice of means of its representation in language. The results of the cognitive matrix and linguistic analysis lead to the conclusion that typical genre features of the novel are implemented through characteristics of the basic concepts of the respective conceptual domains and means of their linguistic representation. The article also argues close relationship between all of these characteristics and the dominant role of some of them in relation to the others.

scholarly journals Combined Forces: Thinking and/or Feeling? How News Consumption Affects Anti-Muslim Attitudes through Perceptions and Emotions about the Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jacobs ◽  
Mark Boukes ◽  
Rens Vliegenthart
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Group Conflict Theory ◽  
News Outlet

This study develops a model that contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between economic motivations and anti-Muslim attitudes by analyzing the underexplored role of news consumption. Using a large-scale Dutch panel dataset ( n = 2694), we test a structural equation model theoretically grounded in group conflict theory, in which the relationship between news consumption and anti-Muslim attitudes is mediated by perceptions and emotions about the economy. Findings offer sound empirical support for the hypothesized model: news consumption increases pessimistic economic perceptions and negative emotions about the economy, which in turn strengthens anti-Muslim attitudes. The mechanism, however, largely depends on the type of news outlet and genre: watching television seems more decisive than reading newspapers; moreover, especially exposure to soft and popular news formats plays a dominant role.

The trajectory of geomorphology

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Church
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Organisms

Modern geomorphology was founded in the nineteenth century as an exercise of historical interpretation of landscapes. After the mid-twentieth century it dominantly became a quest to understand the processes by which landscapes are modified. This focused attention on the measurement of sediment fluxes on synoptic timescales and on a reductionist, Newtonian programme of construction of low-order theories about those fluxes, largely imported from engineering science. The period also saw the emergence of an applied geomorphology. Toward the end of the twentieth century the subject was dramatically transformed by improved technologies for remote sensing and surveying of Earth’s surface, the advent of personal computation and of large-scale computation, and important developments of absolute dating techniques. These technical innovations in turn promoted recognition of geomorphology as a ‘system science’ and facilitated the reintegration of tectonics into geomorphology, opening the way for a renewed consideration of the history of the landscape. Finally, increasing recognition of the dominance of human agency in contemporary modification of Earth’s terrestrial surface has become a significant theme. Important influences on the continuing development of the subject will include the search for physically sound laws for material fluxes; reconciling geomorphological information and process representations across spatial and temporal scales, in both observation and theory; comprehending complexity in geomorphological processes and landform histories; incorporating the geomorphological role of living organisms, particularly micro-organisms; understanding the role of climate in geomorphology, both in the contemporary changing climate and in the long term; and fully admitting the now dominant role of humans as geomorphic agents. Geomorphology is simultaneously developing in diverse directions: on one hand, it is becoming a more rigorous geophysical science — a significant part of a larger earth science discipline; on another, it is becoming more concerned with human social and economic values, with environmental change, conservation ethics, with the human impact on environment, and with issues of social justice and equity.

scholarly journals THE GLOBAL ENDODRAINAGE SYSTEM: SOME FLUID-PHYSICAL MECHANISMS OF GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Vartanyan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Planetary Migration ◽  
Initial Impulse

The article presents the main results of more than forty-year studies of the hydrogeodeformation field. We have establish some new properties of lithospheric massifs, which are clearly detectable during the periods of fast geodynamic activation (FGeDA). These processes are contrastingly manifested within the planetary megastructure – the Global Endodrainage System (GEDS) of the Earth. The article discusses ideas about the conditions of formation, the specific features of functioning and the role of the asthenosphere as an essential element of the GEDS. It shows the dominant role of fluid processes that take place in the GEDS and provide the conditions for the ‘maturation’ of geodynamic catastrophes. The features of the formation of deformation disturbances and the dominant directions of the planetary migration of deformation impulses from the places of future catastrophic seismic events along the GEDS are considered. The regional hydrogeodeformation monitoring (HDGM) results give evidence of a close relationship between the lithospheric massifs in distant regions of the Earth: replica signals along the GDES length repeat an initial impulse originating from the area of a future seismic event. Attention is given to trigger effects that cause a seismic energy discharge at a large distance and, in some cases, can cause a cascade of earthquakes. It is proposed to create a HDGM system for monitoring of large seismic regions of the Earth.

scholarly journals Pedagogical Approaches to Mastering Polyphonic Cycles by J. S. Bach and D. D. Shostakovich in the Piano Class by Students of the People’s Republic of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Elena P. Krasovskaya ◽  
Ho Da
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Piano Students ◽  
Preludes And Fugues ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Professional Interpreting ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

In the article the problems of mastering the binary cycles by J. S. Bach and D. D. Shostakovich included in large-scale polyphonic collections of the composers (“Well-Tempered Clavier” and “Twenty-Four Preludes and Fugues”, opus 87) by the Chinese piano students are considered. It is shown that these problems are caused by the features of the Chinese system of music education based on the characteristic features of national culture (monodiality, the dominant role of the pentatonic-modal system, the intonation dictionary and the logic of the deployment of content, fundamentally different from the European interpretation) and also by a low level of theoretical knowledge of students about polyphonic music and the traditions of its interpretation. According to the authors, an important step to understanding and professional interpreting the polyphonic heritage of the composers by Chinese students may be the intonation, civilized and paradigm-pedagogical approaches. The consistent transition from national patterns of polyphony to European polyphonic works, their study through the prism of the proposed pedagogical approaches allowed students to understand the phenomenon of polyphony in the musical art, to trace traditions and innovations in it. This has a positive effect on mastering polyphonic opuses by students.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA KEHIDUPAN KAUM AGAMAWAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS NOVEL LA FAUTE DE L’ABB É MOURET KARYA ÉMILE ZOLA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanafiah Azmi Dan Teguh Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Economics And Politics

During the Second Empire, the development of educational field commenced the development inother fields, such as economics and politics. These could not be separated from the influence of theChurch which at that time had a close relationship with the State. The emergence of a new social class,Bourgeoisie, had changed the life style of the society which initially oriented from the Lord to secular.They wanted a freedom of life from the control of the Church. The dominant role of the Church at first,it gradually shifted along with increasing role of the new social class. This research discussed about thelife of the society during the Second Empire, represented by Émile Zola on the novel La Faute de l’AbbéMouret through the life of the clergyman. The problems which arised from himself (internal) and of thesurroundings (external), pushed the main character to leave his life in the Church and took off his statusas a clergyman.

scholarly journals The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland in Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Li ◽  
Franziska Aemisegger ◽  
Andreas Riedl ◽  
Nina Buchmann ◽  
Werner Eugster
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Radiation Fog ◽  
Dew Formation ◽  
Local Water

Abstract. In a warmer climate, non-rainfall water (hereafter NRW) formed from dew and fog potentially plays an increasingly important role in temperate grassland ecosystems under the scarcity of precipitation over prolonged periods. Dew and radiation fog occur in combination during clear and calm nights, and both use ambient water vapor as a source. Research on the combined mechanisms involved in NRW inputs to ecosystems are rare, and the condensation of soil-diffusing vapor, as one of the NRW input pathways for dew formation, has hardly been studied at all. The aim of this paper is thus to investigate the different NRW input pathways into a temperate Swiss grassland at Chamau during prolonged dry periods in summer 2018. We measured the isotopic compositions (δ18O, δ2H, and d = δ2H − 8 · δ18O) of both ambient water vapor and the NRW droplets on leaf surfaces combined with eddy covariance and meteorological measurements during one dew-only and two combined dew and radiation fog events. We employed a simple two end-member mixing model using δ18O and δ2H to split the dew input pathways from different sources. Our results showed a decrease of 0.8–5.5 mmol mol−1 in volumetric water vapor mixing ratio and a decrease of 4.8–16.7 ‰ in ambient water vapor δ2H due to dew formation and radiation fog droplet deposition. A nighttime maximum in ambient water vapor δ18O (−15.5 ‰ to −14.3 ‰) and a 3.4–3.7 ‰ decrease in ambient water vapor d were observed for dew formation in unsaturated conditions. In conditions of slight super-saturation, a stronger decrease of ambient water vapor δ18O (0.3–1.5 ‰) and a minimum of ambient water vapor d (−6.0 ‰ to −4.7 ‰) were observed. The combined foliage NRW and ambient water vapor δ18O and δ2H suggested two different input pathways: (1) condensation of ambient water vapor and (2) of soil-diffusing vapor. The latter contributed 9–42 % to the total foliage NRW. The dew and radiation fog potentially produced 0.06–0.39 mm night−1 NRW gain on foliage, which was comparable with 2.8 mm day−1 daytime evapotranspiration. The ambient water vapor d was correlated and anti-correlated with ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity respectively, suggesting an only minor influence of large-scale air advection and highlighted the dominant role of local moisture as a source for ambient water vapor. Our results thus highlight the importance of NRW inputs to temperate grasslands during prolonged dry periods and reveal the complexity of the local water cycle in such conditions including different pathways of water deposition.

Manifesting evil: Demons and physical monstrosity in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Tom de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Evil Spirit ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The Mind

The interplay between spiritual evil and physical monstrosity plays a large role in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs. The Testaments are structured around the understanding of a human spirit, the mind, which stands between good and evil spirits, and in general it is the mind that forms the focus of the text’s exhortation. The evil spirits influence the mind, causing a person to think unrighteous thoughts and ultimately commit unrighteous acts. The role of the mind, however, is so large that it even plays a dominant role in the physical appearance of a person. In this article, I examine three distinct cases where someone’s ethical and spiritual evil results in physical monstrosity. First, we see that when someone’s mind follows the temptations of an evil spirit, they become disabled. Second, we see that an evil spirit has the power to poison someone’s own neutral spirit, which ultimately leads the poisoned person to manifest themselves in a monstrous way. Finally, women bear monstrous giants as a direct result of their mental lust for the angelic Watchers. These three cases show the close relationship between external appearance and internal demeanor in the Testaments. Thus, humankind functions as a means through which the invisible monstrous manifests itself in the visible world. This realization helps clarify some early Christian understandings of humankind’s natural and monstrous states, as well as their ideas about ethics and social conduct, the nature of evil, and how the manifestation of evil in the physical world is influenced.

scholarly journals Bi-directional streaming of particles accelerated at the STEREO-A shock on 2008 March 9

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (2) ◽  
pp. 2087-2093
Author(s):  
F Fraschetti ◽  
J Giacalone
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Reverse Shock ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
Particle Simulations ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Run Test ◽  
The Magnetic Field

ABSTRACT We present an interpretation of anisotropy and intensity of supra-thermal ions near a fast quasi-perpendicular reverse shock measured by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (ST-A) on 2008 March 9. The measured intensity profiles of the supra-thermal particles exhibit an enhancement, or ‘spike’, at the time of the shock arrival and pitch-angle anisotropies before the shock arrival are bi-modal, jointly suggesting trapping of near-scatter-free ions along magnetic field lines that intersect the shock at two locations. We run test-particle simulations with pre-existing upstream magnetostatic fluctuations advected across the shock. The measured bi-modal upstream anisotropy, the nearly field-aligned anisotropies up to ∼15 min upstream of the shock, as well as the ‘pancake-like’ anisotropies up to ∼10 min downstream of the shock are well reproduced by the simulations. These results, in agreement with earlier works, suggest a dominant role of the large-scale structure (100s of supra-thermal proton gyroradii) of the magnetic field in forging the early-on particle acceleration at shocks.

Direct Evidence of Diffusion of Self-Interstitials in Silicon

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobinda Das
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Float Zone ◽  
Diffusion Characteristics ◽  
Silicon Interface

ABSTRACTHigh temperature (1200°C) HCI oxidation treatment has been employed to float-zone (FZ) silicon wafers (625μm thick) containing swirl defects in order to study their diffusion characteristics. In treated wafers, swirl defects can be eliminated from both surfaces up to a depth of ∼30μm. In the bulk of the wafers, however, large swirl defects (A-swirls) rearrange themselves into many small defects. The untreated portions of wafers contain large swirl defects (A-swirls) that extend up to both surfaces. Since swirl defects are primarily clusters of silicon self-interstitials, their rearrangement in the bulk and elimination from the surfaces demonstrate that migration of interstitials takes place on a large scale and is not confined to SiO2/ silicon interface only. The above observations appear to provide direct evidence for the dominant role of self interstitials for diffusion mechanism in silicon at high temperature and can be rationalized in terms of an interstitialcy mechanism. Alternatively, however, dominance of interstitials can be related to a higher migration energy of vacancies proposed in a model where both species coexist at high temperature. The preference of one model over another must await theoretical calculations of diffusion energetics derived from both models.

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