scholarly journals A Review of Inorganic Scintillation Crystals for Extreme Environments

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Chanho Kim ◽  
Wonhi Lee ◽  
Alima Melis ◽  
Abdallah Elmughrabi ◽  
Kisung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Inorganic Scintillator ◽  
Scintillation Crystals

In the past, the main research and use of scintillators in extreme environments were mainly limited to high energy physics and the well-logging industry, but their applications are now expanding to reactor monitoring systems, marine and space exploration, nuclear fusion, radiation therapy, etc. In this article, we review and summarize single-crystal inorganic scintillator candidates that can be applied to radiation detection in extreme environments. Crucial scintillation properties to consider for use in extreme environments are temperature dependence and radiation resistance, along with scintillators’ susceptibility to moisture and mechanical shock. Therefore, we report on performance change, with a focus on radiation resistance and temperature dependence, and the availability of inorganic scintillator for extreme environments—high radiation, temperature, humidity and vibration—according to their applications. In addition, theoretical explanations for temperature dependence and radiation resistance are also provided.

scholarly journals Influence of Backside Energy Leakages from Hadronic Calorimeters on Fluctuation Measures in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Andrey Seryakov
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
System Size ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Energy Physics

The phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter is the main research subject for different current and future experiments in high-energy physics. System size and energy scan programs aim to find a possible critical point. One of such programs was accomplished by the fixed-target NA61/SHINE experiment in 2018. It includes six beam energies and six colliding systems: p + p, Be + Be, Ar + Sc, Xe + La, Pb + Pb and p + Pb. In this study, we discuss how the efficiency of centrality selection by forward spectators influences multiplicity and fluctuation measures and how this influence depends on the size of colliding systems. We use SHIELD and EPOS Monte-Carlo (MC) generators along with the wounded nucleon model, introduce a probability to lose a forward spectator and spectator energy loss. We show that for light colliding systems such as Be or Li even a small inefficiency in centrality selection has a dramatic impact on multiplicity scaled variance. Conversely, heavy systems such as Ar + Sc are much less prone to the effect.

scholarly journals γ-Ray-Induced Proton Generation in Polymers: Quantifiable Single-Component Fluorescent Ratiometric Chemosensor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Pei ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Wenhuan Huang ◽  
Hui Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Counting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proton Generation ◽  
Energy Physics

<p>Detection of g-rays is of vital significance in various areas such as high-energy physics, nuclear medicine, national security and space exploration. However, most current spectrometry methods are typically based on ionization effects which are limited to electron counting techniques. Herein, we report an alternative, quantifiable g-ray chemosensor from a g-ray-induced proton generation process more sensitive to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by surveying a series of commercially available polymers. Accordingly, a pH-sensitive yet g-ray-stable fluorophore is designed, resulting in dramatic fluorescence shift from the blue (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 460~480 nm) to the red region (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 570~620 nm) after subjecting it to g-irradiation in PMMA or PVC films. A linear response of ratiometric fluorescence intensity (I<sub>red</sub>/I<sub>blue</sub>) to g-ray dosage in a wide range (80-4060 Gy) was established, which can be used as a visual dosimeter. Meanwhile, the discovery also opens new doors for proton-based radiation detection and chemistry. </p>

scholarly journals CRYSTALS FOR HIGH-ENERGY CALORIMETRY IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3826-3829 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCA NESSI-TEDALDI
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Lead Tungstate ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Readout Time ◽  
Particle Fluxes ◽  
Physics Experiments

Crystals are used as a homogeneous calorimetric medium in many high-energy physics experiments. For some experiments, performance has to be ensured in very difficult operating conditions, like a high radiation environment, very large particle fluxes, high collision rates, placing constraints on response and readout time. An overview is presented of recent achievements in the field, with particular attention given to the performance of Lead Tungstate (PWO) crystals exposed to high particle fluxes.

scholarly journals γ-Ray-Induced Proton Generation in Polymers: Quantifiable Single-Component Fluorescent Ratiometric Chemosensor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Pei ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Wenhuan Huang ◽  
Hui Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Counting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proton Generation ◽  
Energy Physics

<p>Detection of g-rays is of vital significance in various areas such as high-energy physics, nuclear medicine, national security and space exploration. However, most current spectrometry methods are typically based on ionization effects which are limited to electron counting techniques. Herein, we report an alternative, quantifiable g-ray chemosensor from a g-ray-induced proton generation process more sensitive to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by surveying a series of commercially available polymers. Accordingly, a pH-sensitive yet g-ray-stable fluorophore is designed, resulting in dramatic fluorescence shift from the blue (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 460~480 nm) to the red region (<i>l</i><sub>em</sub> = 570~620 nm) after subjecting it to g-irradiation in PMMA or PVC films. A linear response of ratiometric fluorescence intensity (I<sub>red</sub>/I<sub>blue</sub>) to g-ray dosage in a wide range (80-4060 Gy) was established, which can be used as a visual dosimeter. Meanwhile, the discovery also opens new doors for proton-based radiation detection and chemistry. </p>

Lead tungstate scintillation crystals with improved light yield for experimental high-energy physics

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
A. E. Borisevich ◽  
V. I. Dormenev ◽  
M. V. Korzhik ◽  
O. V. Misevich ◽  
A. A. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Light Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lead Tungstate ◽  
Scintillation Crystals ◽  
Energy Physics
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