scholarly journals Oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and Production of Mn(II) by Synthetic Manganese(IV) Oxide

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Kaiyin Chen ◽  
Lauren Bocknek ◽  
Bruce Manning
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Heterogeneous Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Alteration

The heterogeneous oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), a toxic inorganic anion, by a synthetic birnessite (δ-MnO2) was investigated in batch reactions using a combination of analytical techniques including UV–Vis spectrophotometry, microwave plasma–atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to evaluate both the solution speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) and the surface of the reacted δ-MnO2. The formation of dissolved Mn(II) was determined during the batch reactions to evaluate the extent and stoichiometry of the Cr(III) oxidation reaction. A stoichiometric 3:2 Mn(II):Cr(VI) molar relationship was observed in the reaction products. The reductive dissolution of the δ-MnO2 by Cr(III) resulted in a surface alteration from the conversion of Mn(IV) oxide to reduced Mn(II) and Mn(III) hydroxides. The results of this investigation show that naturally occurring Cr(III) will readily oxidize to Cr(VI) when it comes in contact with MnO2, forming a highly mobile and toxic groundwater contaminant.

Utilization of modern analytical techniques for the analysis of household generated greywater samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
A. Szabolcsik ◽  
E. Baranyai ◽  
I. Bodnár
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Modern Analytical

Detailed analysis of household generated greywater (GW) samples is an essential task for the design of treatment systems before reuse. In this paper modern analytical methods will be discussed, which were applied to determine the ionic and elemental concentration of different GW samples. Ion chromatography (IC) and Microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) methods were used to spoor the composition of GW samples. It was shown that from the IC results and from calculated parameters (Na ee% and SAR) the application of raw or treated GW flows for irrigation is controlled. According to the elemental concentration, GW samples from laundry/kitchen sink and dishwasher proved to be the most contaminated compared to drinking water, while the concentration of the measured elements did not elevate as significantly in GW samples from shower/bathtub.

scholarly journals Fabricating Antibacterial and Antioxidant Electrospun Hydrophilic Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Loaded with AgNPs by Lignin-Induced In-Situ Method

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Md. Kaiser Haider ◽  
Azeem Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Nauman Sarwar ◽  
Takumi Yamaguchi ◽  
Qianyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli

Concerning the environmental hazards owing to the chemical-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), this study aimed to investigate the possibility of synthesizing AgNPs on the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers utilizing biomacromolecule lignin. SEM observations revealed that the average diameters of the produced nanofibers were slightly increased from ~512 nm to ~673 nm due to several factors like-swellings that happened during the salt treatment process, surface-bound lignin, and the presence of AgNPs. The presence of AgNPs was validated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The amount of synthesized AgNPs on PAN nanofibers was found to be dependent on both precursor silver salt and reductant lignin concentration. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra confirm the presence of lignin on PAN nanofibers. Although the X-ray diffraction pattern did not show any AgNPs band, the reduced intensity of the stabilized PAN characteristics bands at 2θ = 17.28° and 29.38° demonstrated some misalignment of PAN polymeric chains. The water contact angle (WCA) of hydrophobic PAN nanofibers was reduced from 112.6 ± 4.16° to 21.4 ± 5.03° for the maximum AgNPs coated specimen. The prepared membranes exhibited low thermal stability and good swelling capacity up to 20.1 ± 0.92 g/g and 18.05 ± 0.68 g/g in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. Coated lignin imparts antioxidant activity up to 78.37 ± 0.12% at 12 h of incubation. The resultant nanofibrous membranes showed a proportional increase in antibacterial efficacy with the rise in AgNPs loading against both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli bacterial strains by disc diffusion test (AATCC 147-1998). Halos for maximum AgNPs loading was calculated to 18.89 ± 0.15 mm for S. aureus and 21.38 ± 0.17 mm for E. coli. An initial burst release of silver elements within 24 h was observed in the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) test, and the release amounts were proportionally expansive with the increase in Ag contents. Our results demonstrated that such types of composite nanofibers have a strong potential to be used in biomedicine.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RASAMANIKYA-AN AYURVEDIC ARSENICAL FORMULATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Arjun Singh ◽  
Sarada Ota ◽  
Narayanan Srikanth ◽  
Galib R ◽  
Sreedhar Bojja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
X Ray

Objective: The objective of this study was standardization and Chemical characterization of rasamanikya prepared as per standard operating procedures (SOP) mentioned in the classical text. Methods: Rasamanikya was prepared by putting churnodaka shodhita haratala (Orpiment-As2S3) between two abhraka (white mica) sheets which are heated for a while to obtain a red colored finished product. The Ayurvedic specifications for the analysis of rasamanikya were performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis. Physicochemical analysis, assay of elements by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were carried out and some other tests such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (EDAX) were also performed to ensure the quality of the drug. Results: In the finished drug Arsenic and Sulphur are present in the form of As4S4, As2S3, As2S5. On the basis of XPS survey scans, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (SEM-EDAX) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur (CHNS) analysis the Arsenic to Sulphur (As to S) ratio is thus standardized as 39-47: 53-61. In addition to this powder, XRD shows a major conversion into an amorphous phase. Conclusion: The results could be used to lay down a new set of pharmacopoeial standards for the preparation of rasamanikya for getting optimal efficacy of medicine. Therefore, the information will help the Scientists and Researchers to build comprehensive standards, to screen the compounds responsible for different bioactivities, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Distribution and Mode of Occurrence of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb in the Feed Coal, Fly Ash, Slag, in the Topsoil and in the Roots of Trees and Undergrowth Downwind of Three Power Stations in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Henryk R. Parzentny ◽  
Leokadia Róg
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Feed Coal

It is supposed that the determination of the content and the mode of occurrence of ecotoxic elements (EE) in feed coal play the most significant role in forecasting distribution of EE in the soil and plants in the vicinity of power stations. Hence, the aim of the work was to analyze the properties of the feed coal, the combustion residues, and the topsoil which are reached by EE together with dust from power stations. The mineral and organic phases, which are the main hosts of EE, were identified by microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray methods. The highest content of elements was observed in the Oi and Oe subhorizons of the topsoil. Their hosts are various types of microspheres and char, emitted by power stations. In the areas of long-term industrial activity, there are also sharp-edged grains of magnetite emitted in the past by zinc, lead, and ironworks. The enrichment of the topsoil with these elements resulted in the increase in the content of EE, by between 0.2 times for Co; and 41.0 times for Cd in the roots of Scots pine, common oak and undergrowth, especially in the rhizodermis and the primary cortex and, more seldom, in the axle roller and cortex cells.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Snow: Multi-Elemental Analytical Techniques and Interpretations

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Landsberger ◽  
R.E. Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Three multi-elemental techniques (neutron activation analysis, proton-induced X-ray emission and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) are described in terms of their special advantages in determining sulphur and heavy metal pollution in urban snow. Environmental analytical interpretations, including wash-out factors, enrichment factors, inter-elemental correlations, mobilization factors, and toxicity potential, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Geological Controls on Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Permian and Jurassic Coals in the Shanbei Coalfield, Shaanxi Province, North China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Yunfei Shangguan ◽  
Xinguo Zhuang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Baoqing Li ◽  
Xavier Querol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
North China ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diagenetic Fluid

Coal as the source of critical elements has attracted much attention and the enrichment mechanisms are of significant importance. This paper has an opportunity to investigate the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Permian and Jurassic bituminous coals and associated non-coals from two underground coal mines in the Shanbei Coalfield (Northeast Ordos basin), Shaanxi Province, North China, based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES/MS), and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The Jurassic and Permian coals have similar chemical features excluding ash yield, which is significantly higher in the Permian coals. Major mineral matters in the Jurassic coals are quartz, kaolinite, and calcite. By contrast, mineral assemblages of the Permian coals are dominated by kaolinite; and apatite occurring in the middle section’s partings. The Jurassic coals are only enriched in B, whereas the Permian coals are enriched in some trace elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, Th, and REY). Boron has a mixed inorganic and organic association which may be absorbed by organic matter from fluid (or groundwater) or inherited from coal-forming plants. Additionally, climatic variation also plays an important role. As for the Permian coals, kaolinite and apatite as the major carriers of elevated elements; the former were derived from the sedimentary source region (the Yinshan Oldland and the Benxi formation) and later precipitated from Ca-, and P-rich solutions. We deduced that those elevated elements may be controlled by the source rock and diagenetic fluid input. The findings of this work offered new data to figure out the mechanism of trace element enrichment of coal in the Ordos basin.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Snow: Multi-Elemental Analytical Techniques and Interpretations

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
S. Landsberger ◽  
R.E. Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Three multi-elemental techniques (neutron activation analysis, proton-induced X-ray emission and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) are described in terms of their special advantages in determining sulphur and heavy metal pollution in urban snow. Environmental analytical interpretations, including wash-out factors, enrichment factors, inter-elemental correlations, mobilization factors, and toxicity potential, are also discussed.

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