scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Custom Thermocouples for Specialized Applications

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Abdul-Sommed Hadi ◽  
Bryce E. Hill ◽  
Mohammed Naziru Issahaq
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Casting ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
High Melting Temperature

This work reports the performance characteristics of custom thermocouples developed for use in elevated temperatures such as metal casting operations. The scope of this research is limited to thermocouples designed using pyrolytic graphite (PG) as the primary thermoelement in connection with aluminum, copper, steel, and tungsten. The Seebeck coefficients of the sensors were determined from experimental data after heating to ~500 °C. Cooling from ~500 °C to room temperature enabled us to compare the characteristic behaviors of the sensors from the obtained near-linear responses in the voltage-temperature plots. Tungsten being a refractory metal produced the highest sensitivity of the sensors. The sensitivity of the PG-tungsten thermocouple upon heating measured up to 26 μV/°C and a slightly lower value of 24.2 μV/°C was obtained upon cooling. Conversely, the PG-steel thermocouple rather produced the lowest Seebeck coefficients of 13.8 μV/°C during heating and 14.0 μV/°C for the cooling experiments though steel has a high melting temperature than most of the other thermoelements.

Newly Developed Heat Resistant Magnesium Alloy by Thixomolding®

2005 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadayoshi Tsukeda ◽  
Ken Saito ◽  
Mayumi Suzuki ◽  
Junichi Koike ◽  
Kouichi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Better Than

We compared the newly developed heat resistant magnesium alloy with conventional ones by Thixomolding® and aluminum alloy by die casting. Tensile properties at elevated temperatures of AXEJ6310 were equal to those of ADC12. In particular, elongation tendency of AXEJ6310 at higher temperature was better than those of the other alloys. Creep resistance of AXEJ6310 was larger than that of AE42 by almost 3 orders and smaller than that of ADC12 by almost 2 orders of magnitude. Fatigue limits at room temperature and 423K of AXEJ6310 was superior among conventional magnesium alloys.

Study of the Effects of High Temperatures on the Engineering Properties of Steel 42CrMo4

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josip Brnic ◽  
Goran Turkalj ◽  
Marko Canadija ◽  
Domagoj Lanc ◽  
Marino Brcic
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Charpy Impact Energy ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Creep Curves ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractThe paper presents and analyzes the experimental results of the effect of elevated temperatures on the engineering properties of steel 42CrMo4. Experimental data relating to the mechanical properties of the material, the creep resistance as well as Charpy impact energy. Temperature dependence of the mentioned properties is also shown. Some of creep curves were simulated using rheological models and an analytical equation. Finally, an assessment of fracture toughness was made that was based on experimentally determined Charpy impact energy. Based on the obtained results it is visible that the tensile strength (617 MPa) and yield strength (415 MPa) have the highest value at the room temperature while at the temperature of 700 °C (973 K) these values significantly decrease. This steel can be considered resistant to creep at 400 °C (673 K), but at higher temperatures this steel can be subjected to low levels of stress in a shorter time.

Effect of Nd on Microstructures and Properties of AZ31 Wrought Mg Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Wei Qiu ◽  
En Hou Han ◽  
Lu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Re Elements

Addition of RE elements to Al-containing Mg alloys can improve properties of Mg alloys at elevated temperatures. In the present investigation, hot-extruded AZ31+x%Nd. (x=0.1,0.3,0.6and1.0 wt%) wrought Mg alloy were prepared .The effects of Nd on microstructures and mechanical properties at room temperature of new alloy were investigated. The investigation found that Nd can bring about two kind of precipitation phases . One is AlNd phase, the other is AlNdMn phase, which were identified as Al11Nd3 and Al8NdMn4 by X-ray diffraction and TEM.

High Temperature Implantation in Graphite

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Braunstein ◽  
B.S. Elman ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus ◽  
G. Dresselhaus ◽  
T. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Graphite Lattice ◽  
Partial Annealing

ABSTRACTIn previous studies it was found that when highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is implanted at room temperature, the damage caused by the implantation could be completely annealed by heating the sample to temperatures higher than ∼ 2500°C. However at these high temperatures, the implanted species was found to diffuse out of the sample, as evidenced by the disappearance of the impurity peak in the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectrum. If, on the other hand, the HOPG crystal was held at a high temperature (≥ 600°C) during the implantation, partial annealing could be observed. The present work further shows that it is possible to anneal the radiation damage and simultaneously to retain the implants in the graphite lattice by means of high temperature implantation (Ti ≥ 450°C) followed by annealing at 2300°C.

scholarly journals Hydrogenation of HOPG-supported Gold Nanoparticles: Features of Initial Stages

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Andrey K. Gatin ◽  
Maxim V. Grishin ◽  
Nadezhda V. Dokhlikova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Sarvadii ◽  
Boris R. Shub
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Supported Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Supported Gold

The features of deuterium adsorption on the surface of gold nanoparticles deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were determined. The results showed that deuterium adsorption on gold nanoparticles takes place at room temperature. The results also showed that the filling of the nanoparticles’ surfaces with the adsorbate occurs from the graphite–gold interface until the entire surface is covered by deuterium. The results of quantum chemical simulations are used to explain the experimental data. A simple model of the observed effects is proposed.

The effect of molybdenum on titanium’s castability in dental prosthesis applications: A numerical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (10) ◽  
pp. 1966-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Kovan ◽  
Tugce Tezel ◽  
Eyup Sabri Topal
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
High Melting Temperature ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Potential Use

The ISO 22674 standard categorizes metallic materials that are suitable for dental appliances and restoration fabrication. Nickel, cadmium, and beryllium are classified as hazardous elements in this international standard. However, many alloys containing nickel and beryllium are used in dentistry as biomedical metallic materials. Numerous studies on the toxicity of nickel and beryllium have led to serious doubts about the biological reliability of these alloys. Titanium therefore attracts great interest due to its potential use in dental prostheses. Commercially pure titanium has biocompatibility, low density, great corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength at room temperature. In spite of its numerous desirable properties, it is hard to cast titanium because of its high melting temperature. In this study, the microstructure and castability of binary Ti–Mo alloys (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) was investigated using numerical methods to evaluate their potential use in dentistry. ProCAST software was used to model the casting behavior.

Effect of Sodium Exposure On the Mechanical Properties of Zirconium

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31t-34t ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. BOKROS
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Surface Oxide ◽  
The Other

Abstract It was found that surface oxide which developed on zirconium in impure sodium significantly lowered the fatigue life at elevated temperatures. Hydrogen absorption, on the other hand, had little effect on the fatigue life at elevated temperatures but lowered the fatigue life at room temperature. Also, critical recrystallization which occurred above 950 F in zirconium (a phenomenon unrelated to the presence of sodium) reduced the fatigue life at elevated as well as low temperatures. The effects attributable to sodium (i.e., the formation of surface oxide and absorption of reasonable amounts of hydrogen), did not significantly alter the tensile properties of zirconium at high temperatures. 6.3.20, 4.7, 3.5.8, 3.2.3

Springback Behavior of an Invar Sheet and Its Perforated Form

2006 ◽  
Vol 505-507 ◽  
pp. 781-786
Author(s):  
Yi Che Lee ◽  
Fuh Kuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Springback Behavior ◽  
Good Agreement

The springback behavior of an invar sheet and its perforated form were examined in the present study. The mechanical properties for invar sheet and perforated invar-sheet at elevated temperatures were first obtained from tensile tests. The test results suggest that both invar sheet and perforated invar-sheet have favorable formability at temperature higher than 200oC. An analytical model was also established to predict the springback of the invar sheet and its perforated form under bending conditions at various elevated temperatures. In order to verify the predicted results, the V-bending tests were conducted for the invar sheet at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300. The experimental data indicate that the springback decreases with the rise in temperature for both invar sheet and perforated invar-sheet. The good agreement between the experimental data and the predicted values confirms the validity of the proposed theoretical model as well.

Interactions of Ceramic, Metallic and Polymeric Filters with Gaseous Contaminants

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Asad Haider ◽  
Ce Ma ◽  
Farhang Shadman
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gaseous Contaminants

Outgassing characteristics of ceramic, metallic, and polymeric filters for H2O, O2, CO2, and CH4 were explored using APIMS. The outgassing data have been normalized with respect to the parameters that varied from one filter to the other. Hydrocarbon outgassing is also explored both at room temperature from freshly installed filters and at elevated temperatures. Polymeric filters appeared to be more transparent but did show hydrocarbon outgassing when heated to 50°C.

The Formation of Sulfur from Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide. A Contribution to the Vulcanization Process of Peachey

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Lothar Hock ◽  
Hans Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Reaction ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In the reduction of sulfur dioxide by hydrogen sulfide, the course of the reaction depends wholly upon whether water is present or the gases are dry. With water present, there is a ready separation of sulfur, even at room temperature, according to the general reaction: SO2+2H2S→3S+2H2O, though accompanied by more complicated reactions involving the formation of polythionic acids. On the contrary at room temperature the dried gases do not react, and only at elevated temperatures do they give rise to sulfur and water vapor, in which case because the reaction is exothermic the equilibrium is displaced more and more toward the original sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Conversely then, the formation of free sulfur is favored by lowering the temperature. The heat of activation of the reaction is however so great, even at room temperature, that the rate of the reaction is imperceptibly small, and accordingly no reaction is observable. In the presence of rubber, on the other hand, conditions are extremely favorable for activation, because the rubber hydrocarbon plays the part of an acceptor of the liberated sulfur and is vulcanized by it, as Peachey and Skipsey were able to show in their well-known work. The question then arises whether, in this form of vulcanization, the water which is already present or which is formed plays a decisive role in starting and continuing the reaction (in which case the formation of polythionic acids might also play a part), or whether the essential reaction takes place between the two gases in the dry state, in which case the reaction progresses in a much more unrestrained way than in the absence of substances which activate the reaction. In view of this, two series of experiments were planned with the object of obtaining a better insight into the reaction. In one series the rate of the reaction with both gases in the dry state was studied by some trial measurements only; in the other series the part played by moisture in vulcanization by the Peachey process and in the vulcanization of rubber swollen in benzene was investigated.

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