scholarly journals Method for Analyzing the Measurement Error with Respect to Azimuth and Incident Angle for the Rotating Polarizer Analyzer Ellipsometer

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Huatian Tu ◽  
Yuxiang Zheng ◽  
Yao Shan ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Principal Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accuracy And Stability

We proposed a method to study the effects of azimuth and the incident angle on the accuracy and stability of rotating polarizer analyzer ellipsometer (RPAE) with bulk Au. The dielectric function was obtained at various incident angles in a range of 55°–80° and analyzed with the spectrum of the principal angle. The initial orientations of rotating polarizing elements were deviated by a series of angles to act as the azimuthal errors in various modes. The spectroscopic measurements were performed in a wavelength range of 300–800 nm with an interval of 10 nm. The repeatedly-measured ellipsometric parameters and determined dielectric constants were recorded monochromatically at wavelengths of 350, 550, and 750 nm. The mean absolute relative error was employed to evaluate quantitatively the performance of instrument. Apart from the RPAE, the experimental error analysis implemented in this work is also applicable to other rotating element ellipsometers.

Air Piston Calibrator for Microflow Delivery and Measurement Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Min Su ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Cheng-Tsair Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
The Mean

In view of the increasing need of microflow measurement and calibration, this paper presents a liquid flow measurement device to verify the performance of microflow sensors and pumps. The measurement principle of the air piston calibrator was based on the volumetric, time-of-flight approach. The device consisted of a micro-fabricated flow channel mounted on a base chip deployed with electrodes. A gas-liquid interface was introduced in the microchannel and moved along with the liquid flow. Upon passing by the electrodes, the interface brought about resistance variations due to the different permittivity of the gas and liquid. The time period between a pair of signal detected by the electrodes and the corresponding channel volume were then used to determine the flow rate. By the combination of different sized microchannels, a capability of measuring flow rates from 10 nL/min to 1 mL/min was demonstrated. The detection electrodes were optimized prior to their fabrication by numerical simulation. To provide a desired traceability, the volume in the channel between electrode nodes was corrected by the standard flow rate delivered by the calibrated syringe pump. Results showed that, for flow rates from 0.1 μ L/min to 1 mL/min, the mean absolute relative error and standard deviation of relative error of the measurements were lower than 1.1% and 4%, respectively.

The Estimation of Blood Platelet Survival

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Murphy ◽  
M. E Francis ◽  
J. F Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normally Distributed

SummaryThe characteristics of experimental error in measurement of platelet radioactivity have been explored by blind replicate determinations on specimens taken on several days on each of three Walker hounds.Analysis suggests that it is not unreasonable to suppose that error for each sample is normally distributed ; and while there is evidence that the variance is heterogeneous, no systematic relationship has been discovered between the mean and the standard deviation of the determinations on individual samples. Thus, since it would be impracticable for investigators to do replicate determinations as a routine, no improvement over simple unweighted least squares estimation on untransformed data suggests itself.

scholarly journals The behaviour of electrolytes in mixed solvents. Part I.—The free energies and heat contents of hydrogen chloride in water—Ethyl alcohol solutions

1929 ◽  
Vol 125 (799) ◽  
pp. 694-712 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Uniform Medium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Water Alcohol

Previous studies on the effect of a change of medium on tire properties of dissolved electrolytes have aimed at correlating the behaviour of the electrolyte with the mean physical properties, e. g ., dielectric constants, of the medium. While this approach may be justified in the case of solvents containing molecules of only one kind, it is not sufficient to regard a mixed solvent as a uniform medium affecting the dissolved ions solely through the effect of its dielectric constant on the electric forces between them. For the electric fields of ions exert a differential attraction on molecules possessing different degrees of polarisability and since tire more polarisable molecules must tend to congregate round the ions, the properties of the latter cannot depend solely on tire mean properties of tire medium. Studies on the behaviour of ions in such cases will throw light on the interaction between ions and solvent molecules. The present paper gives tire results of measurements of the free energies and heat contents of hydrogen chloride in water-alcohol solutions, obtained by determining the electromotive forces of cells of the type:— H 2 ( g ) | HCl ( m ), AgCl ( s ) | Ag water-alcohol

Calibration of Experiments on Perennial Crops using Covariance Analysis: the Case of Coconut

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Tilak Abeysinghe
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calibration Experiment ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYThe calibrating efficiency of the pre-experimental yield of coconuts was examined using ten years data from a calibration experiment. On the basis of a fully randomized design it was found that the two-year pooled pre-experimental yield on four-tree plots produces consistent calibration and reduces the experimental error mean square by about 73%. This brings down the mean coefficient of variation to 9.7% from its pre-calibration levels of 36 on one-tree plots and 18 on four-tree plots.

Constant Speed Motion Simulation and Error Analysis of Planar Non-Circular Curve Parts

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 1559-1563
Author(s):  
Rui Wu ◽  
Li Bao ◽  
Yuan Kui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Plane Curve ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Circular Curve

The relative direction for a constant speed can be determined according to the planar non-circular curve parts. To establish the mathematical model, a constant speed motion simulation system is designed. The parameters of (vH=5mm/s, δ<3") is commonly used for the simulation system to simulate the movement of drawing the error curve. The results show that by controlling the movement of the plane curve parts in mathematical model can derive the basic constant speed, the relative error of constant speed is less than 3%, it provides a reliable bias when apply to production practice.

Measurement Error Analysis of Absolute Flatness Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008009
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Tang Feng ◽  
Wang Xiangzhao ◽  
Xu Jinghao ◽  
Fan LiliCheng Xin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Absolute Flatness

Measurement error analysis and validation of the angle of polarizer for channel-type polarization remote sensor

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1217007
Author(s):  
范慧敏 Fan Huimin ◽  
裘桢炜 Qiu Zhenwei ◽  
袁银麟 Yuan Yinlin ◽  
康 晴 Kang Qing ◽  
洪 津 Hong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Channel Type
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