scholarly journals Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Decarburized Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Noor Zaman ◽  
Rizwan Ahmed Malik ◽  
Hussein Alrobei ◽  
Jaehwan Kim ◽  
Muhammad Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Graphene Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Carbon Precipitation

In this research, a facile and cost-effective method of graphene synthesis by the modified carburization process and its applications for supercapacitor electrodes is reported. In this simple approach, carbon was diffused into nickel foam and naturally cooled to obtain carbon precipitation for the in situ growth of graphene by decarburization. Phase-structure and surface-morphology analysis revealed the presence of a highly reduced structure of the graphene layer. Furthermore, the large-intensity D, substantial G, and 2D bands in Raman spectra were attributed to disordered multilayer graphene. The three-electrode systems were used to measure electrochemical efficiency. The electrode sample exhibited enhanced current density of 0.6 A/g, electrode energy of 1.0008 Wh/kg, and power density of 180 W/kg, showing significant electrochemical performance for supercapacitor electrode applications.

Performance of bycatch reduction devices varies for chondrichthyan, reptile, and cetacean mitigation in demersal fish trawls: assimilating subsurface interactions and unaccounted mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey B. Wakefield ◽  
Julia Santana-Garcon ◽  
Stacey R. Dorman ◽  
Stuart Blight ◽  
Ainslie Denham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Bycatch Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Species Specific

To improve bycatch mitigation of chondrichthyans, reptiles and cetaceans for a tropical demersal fish-trawl fishery, species-specific responses to bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) were investigated using both in situ subsurface and onboard observations. There are few, if any, studies that have determined mitigation performances of BRDs from subsurface interactions for these species, as most are rarely encountered and thus require substantial levels of observer coverage for robust assessments. This study combined in-net and onboard (774 day trawls and 1320 day trawl hours of subsurface observer coverage) electronic monitoring on all fish-trawl vessels (n = 3) to compare bycatch mitigation performances among nine megafauna groups, based on escape rates and interaction durations for three BRDs over 6 months (June to December 2012). Overall, 26.9% of day trawls had no megafauna interactions and 38.3% of the 1826 interactions escaped, with most in rapid time (91.4% in ≤ 5 min). The upward inclined exclusion grid significantly improved the escape proportions for most chondrichthyans by 20–30%. All BRDs were highly effective in reducing reptile (turtles and seasnakes) bycatch, but irrelevant for the few sawfish (n = 13) that readily entangled in the anterior of the net. Cetacean (bottlenose dolphins only) interactions with BRDs were very rare (n = 7) despite high levels of attendance and depredation during trawling. Loss of targeted teleosts through the BRD hatch was rare (1.3% of day trawls). This relatively cost-effective method of electronic monitoring achieved very high levels of subsurface observer coverage (60% of day trawls or 56% of day trawl hours), and provided evidence that the subsurface expulsion of megafauna in poor condition is negligible. Furthermore, this study provides species-specific improvements toward bycatch mitigation strategies for demersal fish trawling.

The Need for In-Situ Pipe Support Testing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry May
Keyword(s):  
Creep Damage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Accelerated Creep ◽  
Constant Support ◽  
Full Operation

Pipe support functionality is critical to the long term life of piping system. Spring supports degrade with time due to flexing in the spring and wear in constant support bearings. It is not unusual to measure constant support hangers with resistance 25% to 50% different than the design load. This leads to excessive sustained pipe stress, pipe sag (or uplift), and in high temperature systems, accelerated creep damage. Supports may also not move properly from shut down to full operation, which can create excessive fatigue stress, failed hanger components, and other piping system damage. In-situ hanger testing has been found to be a reliable and cost effective method to determine the functionality of pipe supports. Results are used as input to set revised recommended loads, and to determine if any hangers need to be replaced. This paper provides examples of the types of problems that are often found in the field, the method to test, and typical resolutions to maximize the pipe life and minimize the risk of failure.

Direct electrochemical analysis in complex samples using ITO electrodes modified with permselective membranes consisting of vertically ordered silica mesochannels and micelles

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (100) ◽  
pp. 17736-17739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yan ◽  
Wenjing Zheng ◽  
Lina Yao ◽  
Bin Su
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Organic Analytes

Herein we report a simple and cost-effective method for direct electrochemical detection of redox-active small organic analytes in complex media, such as soil dispersions, human serum and milk, without sample pre-treatment.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF <i>PINUS ROXBHURGHII</i> USING SLOPE BASED VEGETATION INDEX MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
A. M. Joshi ◽  
S. Shahnawaz ◽  
B. Ranjit
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Planted Tree

Abstract. Pinus roxburghii is one of the important and most widely planted tree species in Nepal. Despite its large abundance and high economic values, limited studies on its AGB have been conducted in Nepal, especially using in situ non-destructive method. There are different methods to study the AGB. Regression equation based on the correlation between VI and AGB is cost effective method, and replicable in another sites of similar environment by just acquiring satellite images. Numerous methods have been developed to calculate VIs and each calculated VI shows different relation with AGB in different environments for same species. Therefore, there is a need to identify a most appropriate VI that has the highest correlation with AGB of P. roxburghii. The current study was carried out in Hattiban and Dollu community forests of Kathmandu district, using ResourceSat-2 imagery. In this study, Slope based VIs were used. Regression analysis between slope based VIs and AGB showed that relation between all VIs and AGB were significant. However, NDVI had the highest relation with AGB compared to others. Therefore, it was concluded that NDVI was the most appropriate VI to estimate AGB of P. roxburghii, and the regression equation with NDVI was used to estimate the AGB of P. roxburghii in the study area.

scholarly journals A review on phytoremediation as an ecological method for in situ clean up of heavy metals contaminated soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Cioica ◽  
Cătălina Tudora ◽  
Dorin Iuga ◽  
György Deak ◽  
Monica Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Heavy metals are among the most common types of contaminants in agricultural soils, especially those bordering the cities, due to the uncontrolled use of sewage sludge, compost, mining waste and chemical fertilizers. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals, which do not degrade over time, adversely affects crop yields by decreasing microbial activity and fertility of contaminated soils. Also, excess of heavy metals in the soil poses a serious threat to plant and animal health and, through their entry into the food chain, to human health. For this reason, the decontamination of soils contaminated with heavy metals has become a necessity. This review presents the current state of phytoremediation research as the most cost-effective method of in-situ environmental decontamination of soils contaminated with heavy metals.

Industry-collected target strength of high seas orange roughy in the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Scoulding ◽  
Rudy Kloser
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Orange Roughy ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
High Seas

Abstract Visually verified in situ target strengths (TS) are the state of the science for determining the conversion from acoustic echo-integration surveys to biomass. Here, we show how these measurements can be made by high seas fisheries during normal operations using a net-attached acoustic optical system (AOS) without specialized personnel on board. In situ TS were collected from ∼45 cm standard length (SL) orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in the southern Indian Ocean at 38 and 120 kHz. We use a multiple lines of evidence approach to demonstrate that the previous TS–SL equation developed for ∼10 cm smaller fish in Australia and New Zealand is not suitable for the larger orange roughy and instead propose new TS–SL equations. Our findings show that biomass estimates at 38 kHz will be reduced by ∼58% when using this new TS–SL compared to the existing TS–SL for smaller fish. This highlights the error of extrapolating TS–SL equations outside the measurement range. For this high sea region, the net-attached AOS represented a practical cost-effective method to obtain measurements and provide a result that could be used to inform the management of the stocks. We suggest that this method would be useful in all deep-water fisheries to monitor the TS of the fish for a range of environmental and ontogenetic conditions.

Cobalt and nitrogen co-doped Ni3S2 nanoflowers on nickel foam as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Du ◽  
Guangyu Ma ◽  
Xiaoshuang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Production Industry

The development of high-performance and cost-effective bifunctional water splitting catalysts are of enormous significance to the hydrogen production industry from water electrolysis. Herein, an in-situ Co and N co-doping method...

A one-step, cost-effective green method to in situ fabricate Ni(OH)2 hexagonal platelets on Ni foam as binder-free supercapacitor electrode materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1953-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjie Li ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Jinglei Lei ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Frank McLarnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
One Step ◽  
Binder Free ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

The Ni(OH)2 hexagonal platelets were in situ fabricated on Ni foam as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode material with high performance and excellent cycling stability by a one-step, cost-effective, green hydrothermal treatment of three-dimensional (3D) Ni foam in a 15 wt% H2O2 aqueous solution.

Nickel Oxide/Nickel Foam Composite as Supercapacitor Electrode via Electrophoretic Deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio Javier Sanchez-Herencia ◽  
Begoña Ferrari ◽  
Alvaro Caballero ◽  
Julian Morales
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Foam Composite

Nickel oxide/Ni foam composite was studied as an electrode for electrochemical capacitors. The material has been processed by a simple, green and cost-effective electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method directly from the post-reaction medium in an one-pot synthesis and its later heat treatment.NiO films were obtained after calcination (325 and 450ᵒC) of β-Ni(OH)2deposits. β-Ni(OH)2nanoplatelets were produced by chemical precipitation of Ni precursors and the aid of ultrasound, free of modifiers. The stabilization of the hydroxide powder in suspension in different mixtures of Ethanol:Water (4:1, 9:1 and 19:1) and the optimization of the EPD parameters allowed coating the commercial Ni foams via colloidal processing.Electrochemical properties of the electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) showing significant differences in terms of specific capacitance of 192 and 79 F/g for the electrodes calcined at 325 and 450ᵒC, respectively.

In-Situ Comparison of Bioremediation Methods for a Number 6 Residual Fuel Oil Spill in Lee County, Florida

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Jones ◽  
Jeffrey H. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Enhanced Bioremediation ◽  
Small Plot

ABSTRACT On July 5, 1988, as a result of overfilling, about 3,200 barrels of No. 6 fuel was spilled onto surface soils surrounding a Florida Power and Light Company storage tank, and spread over about 60,000 square feet of soil. About 2,300 barrels were recovered, leaving 900 barrels in the upper six to eight inches of the soil. The spill was chosen as the site for a trial of in-situ enhanced bioremediation. An initial feasibility study in the laboratory was followed by groundwater monitoring, field remediation, and a small-plot research program. In the feasibility study, lower concentrations of nutrients applied periodically were almost as effective as a single application using a larger concentration. The small-plot study indicated that treatment with added bacteria and nutrients offered the greatest reduction in hydrocarbons. Addition of bacteria alone provided no advantage. In the field remediation program, two- and three-ring compounds were completely degraded, while four-, five-, and six-ring compounds were more resistant. The research demonstrated that in-situ enhanced bioremediation can be a cost-effective method for treating soils contaminated with No. 6 fuel oil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document