scholarly journals The Stoichiometry of TCNQ-Based Organic Charge-Transfer Cocrystals

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Jiaoyang Gao ◽  
Huifei Zhai ◽  
Peng Hu ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Organic Optoelectronic

Organic charge-transfer cocrystals (CTCs) have attracted significant research attention due to their wide range of potential applications in organic optoelectronic devices, organic magnetic devices, organic energy devices, pharmaceutical industry, etc. The physical properties of organic charge transfer cocrystals can be tuned not only by changing the donor and acceptor molecules, but also by varying the stoichiometry between the donor and the acceptor. However, the importance of the stoichiometry on tuning the properties of CTCs has still been underestimated. In this review, single-crystal growth methods of organic CTCs with different stoichiometries are first introduced, and their physical properties, including the degree of charge transfer, electrical conductivity, and field-effect mobility, are then discussed. Finally, a perspective of this research direction is provided to give the readers a general understanding of the concept.

THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AT ORGANIC–2D MATERIAL HETEROINTERFACES

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140003
Author(s):  
YU LI HUANG ◽  
ANDREW THYE SHEN WEE
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
2D Material ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Interfacial Charge

Organic–2D material heterostructures have attracted intensive research interest due to their intriguing properties, with a wide range of potential applications in multifunctional flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices. Central to the realization of such devices is a fundamental understanding of the electronic structures at organic–2D material heterointerfaces. The energy level alignment (ELA) at the interface is of paramount importance because it determines the charge transfer barriers between the two materials in contact. In this paper, we discuss the physical mechanisms determining the ELAs, with special attention on interfacial charge transfer at the heterostructures. We review the current understanding of electronic properties at the heterointerfaces formed by the integration of organics with graphene and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and conclude with a perspective on the future development of organic–2D material heterostructure.

Consumer Acceptance Toward Functional Foods: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Thomas Baker ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Jean Perrella ◽  
Holly Leggette
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research

Chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease, cancer, diabetes) are of major public concern. Such chronic diseases are often caused by a dietary pattern characterized as relatively high in fat, refined sugar, salt, and cholesterol. Societal interest in consuming healthy foods and the demand for healthy food products has increased significantly. As a result, functional foods have gained significant research attention in the food health and technology innovations field. To date, many studies have investigated the factors that may predict consumer acceptance of functional foods, and a wide range of influential factors have been reported. However, studies conducted in different contexts pose challenges to gaining a clear understanding of the factors influencing consumer acceptance. This scoping review identified 75 articles published with varying populations around the globe that empirically investigated consumers’ acceptance of functional foods. We identified and categorized a wide range of determinants related to consumer acceptance of different types of functional foods. The five categories of determinants were product characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, behavioral characteristics, and physical characteristics. Each of the determinants were more fully described by sub-determinants in our scoping review. These determinants should be considered and used by leaders and scientists in product development to aid decision making and, ultimately, the successful launch of novel functional foods.

scholarly journals Conductivity and Magnetic Properties of the Charge-Transfer Complex from N,N'-Dicyanonaphthoquinonedimimine (DCNNI)and Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-P. Werner ◽  
W. Grauf ◽  
J. U. von Schütz ◽  
H. C. Wolf ◽  
H. W. Helberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Charge Transfer Complex ◽  
Organic Conductors ◽  
Proton Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Donor And Acceptor

Abstract Conductivity (dc and ac), ESR-properties and proton relaxation rates of the charge transfer complex Tetrathiafulvalene N,N′-dicyanonaphthoquinonediimine in the temperature range be­ tween 300 K and 3.8 K are reported. This salt belongs to the unusual group of organic conductors, in which segregated donor and acceptor stacks are associated in a pairwise manner. The physical properties, which are compared with TTF-TCNQ, give evidence of non-stoichiometric charge transfer (ρ ≠ 1). A metal like state can be identified for T> 70 K, as is seen from the weak temper­ ature dependence of the conductivity (σrt ≈ 30 Scm-1) and the susceptibility (Xrt ≈ 7.5 ⋅ 10-4 emu/ mole) and from the Korringa like temperature dependence of the proton relaxation rates. The drop of the susceptibility at Tc ≈ 70 K and the activated temperature dependence of the conductivity for T < 70 K are explained by a metal-to-semiconductor transition.

scholarly journals A systematic review on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives as emissive materials in organic light-emitting diodes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Kagatikar ◽  
Dhanya Sunil
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Wide Viewing Angle ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research

AbstractOrganic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have garnered significant research attention owing to their immense application prospects in leading technologies for full-color flat panel displays and eco-friendly solid-state lighting. They demonstrate exceptional features such as mercury-free construction, wide viewing angle, superior color quality and captivating flexibility. The requirements of light-emitting organic materials pertaining to high stability, lifetime and luminescence quantum yield, combined with the fabrication of devices with high performance efficiency, are highly challenging. Rational molecular design of 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) derivatives can offer quite promising results in achieving standard-light-emitting materials with a wide range of colors for OLED applications. This review is mainly focused on the synthesis and usage of varyingly substituted NI frameworks as luminescent host, dopant, hole-blocking and electron-transporting materials for OLEDs that emit not only red, orange, green and blue colors, but also function as white emitters, which can really have an impact on reducing the energy consumption. The future prospects that could be explored to improve the research in the highly promising field of OLEDs are also discussed. Graphical abstract

Photo-Induced Effects in Mn4+:YAG. Observation of Unusually Efficient Excited State Absorption and a Long–Lived Metastable State

1999 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanong Han ◽  
Lee H. Spangler ◽  
Ralph Hutcheson ◽  
Randy W. Equall
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Optical Storage ◽  
Electron Configuration ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Lifetime

AbstractThe Mn4+ ion has the same d3 electron configuration as Cr3+, but is less stable and can transform to other valence states. Both ions are known to occupy several sites in garnet hosts, giving rise to rather complicated optical spectra and photo-induced phenomena. Here, the spectra of the transient, photo-induced absorption and the emission of Mn4+,:YAG are analyzed over a broad wavelength region (from 450 to 1200nm) and over a wide range of time scales (from ns to minutes). Very large amplitude and extremely broadband excited state absorption are observed. Additionally, a long lifetime, photo-induced species was detected that is likely formed via charge transfer. The demonstrated behavior of this material shows it has potential applications for optical limiting and optical storage.

On the photophysics of butadiyne bridged pyrene–phenyl molecular conjugates: multiple emissive pathways through locally excited, intramolecular charge transfer and excimer states

2015 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 213-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Kumar Pati ◽  
Santosh J. Gharpure ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Intramolecular Charge Transfer ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Aggregate State ◽  
Locally Excited ◽  
Acceptor Group ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Wide Range

The present work describes the photophysical properties of a group of butadiyne bridged pyrene–phenyl molecular hybrids having different substitutions with varying donor and acceptor abilities. In addition to emission from the locally excited (LE) state originating from the pyrene moiety, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emissions were observed in molecules with donor–acceptor character. The positions of the ICT emission maxima varied over a wide range of wavelengths (475–600 nm). Pyrene behaved as a donor when a strong acceptor group (–CN) was attached to the phenyl ring and it behaved as an acceptor when the phenyl group contained a strong donor group (–NMe2). In mixed aqueous solvents at higher percentages of water (80–99%), the derivatives showed emissions from the aggregate state in addition to the LE and ICT states. Emissions from the aggregate states of the derivatives were centred in the range 510–560 nm. The aggregate state emissions were found to originate from static excimers involving pyrene moieties. A detailed structure–property relationship of the butadiynyl derivatives was revealed in this study.

scholarly journals Influence of Small Quantities of Water on the Physical Properties of Alkylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7334
Author(s):  
David Ausín ◽  
Juan J. Parajó ◽  
José L. Trenzado ◽  
Luis M. Varela ◽  
Oscar Cabeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethylammonium Nitrate ◽  
Potential Applications

This paper presents a comprehensive study of two alkylammonium nitrate ionic liquids. As part of this family of materials, mainly ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and also propylammonium nitrate (PAN) have attracted a great deal of attention during the last decades due to their potential applications in many fields. Although there have been numerous publications focused on the measurement of their physical properties, a great dispersion can be observed in the results obtained for the same magnitude. One of the critical points to be taken into account in their physical characterization is their water content. Thus, the main objective of this work was to determine the degree of influence of the presence of small quantities of water in EAN and PAN on the measurement of density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, refractive index and surface tension. For this purpose, the first three properties were determined in samples of EAN and PAN with water contents below 30,000 ppm in a wide range of temperatures, between 5 and 95 °C, while the last two were obtained at 25 °C. As a result of this study, it has been concluded that the presence of water is critical in those physical properties that involve mass or charge transport processes, resulting in the finding that the absolute value of the average percentage change in both viscosity and electrical conductivity is above 40%. Meanwhile, refractive index (≤0.3%), density (≤0.5%) and surface tension (≤2%) present much less significant changes.

ANACONDA ALLOY 268

Alloy Digest ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract ANACONDA Alloy 268 is a copper-zinc alloy with excellent cold-working properties; it can be cold worked by all the conventional fabrication processes. Its corrosion resistance is excellent-to-good in most environments. This alloy has a wide range of applications including items such as springs, bathroom fixtures, automotive radiators, lamp sockets and sanitary traps. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-442. Producer or source: Anaconda American Brass Company.

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 50,000 psi. It is cast in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Among its many applications are farm machinery, seals, bushings, machine tools and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-51. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 55,000 psi. It is produced in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Typical applications are seals, bushings, farm machinery, casings and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-48. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

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