scholarly journals Phytomass Valorization by Deep Eutectic Solvents—Achievements, Perspectives, and Limitations

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Jablonský ◽  
Jozef Šima
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Original Plant ◽  
Extraction Processes

In recent years, a plethora of extraction processes have been performed by a novel class of green solvents known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), possessing several environmental, operational, and economic advantages proven by experience when compared to organic solvents and ionic liquids. The present review provides an organized overview of the use of DESs as extraction agents for the recovery of valuable substances and compounds from the original plant biomass, waste from its processing, and waste from the production and consumption of plant-based food. For the sake of simplicity and speed of orientation, the data are, as far as possible, arranged in a table in alphabetical order of the extracted substances. However, in some cases, the isolation of several substances is described in one paper and they are, therefore, listed together. The table further contains a description of the extracted phytomass, DES composition, extraction conditions, and literature sources. With regard to extracted value-added substances, this review addresses their pharmacological, therapeutic, and nutritional aspects. The review also includes an evaluation of the possibilities and limitations of using DESs to obtain value-added substances from phytomass.

Ternary mixtures of phosphonium ionic liquids + organic solvents + water

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahana A. Chowdhury ◽  
Janet L. Scott ◽  
Douglas R. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Tie Line

Ionic liquids (ILs) and water are both potentially green solvents that are useful in a variety of extraction processes. This report presents the ternary phase diagrams and tie-line data of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide [P6,6,6,14][DCA], phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate [P6,6,6,14][((CH3)3C5H8)2PO2], and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [emim][C2H5SO4] ILs in organic solvents (ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene) and water. [P6,6,6,14][DCA] and [P6,6,6,14][((CH3)3C5H8)2PO2] tended to yield emulsions when combined with water and ethanol, while [emim][C2H5SO4] combined with toluene and water provided two clear phases of reasonable viscosity. The compositions of the ternary mixtures were determined to obtain the tie-lines. A noticeable difference was observed for the tie-lines of the same IL (e.g., [P6,6,6,14][DCA]) with different organic solvents (ethanol and acetonitrile) and water mixtures. In all cases, the addition of ethanol eventually produced a single phase.

scholarly journals Biomass delignification with green solvents towards lignin valorisation: ionic liquids vs deep eutectic solvents

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
André M. da Costa Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biomass Fractionation ◽  
Cascade Processes ◽  
Biomass Valorisation

The use of renewable resources as feedstocks to ensure the production of goods and commodities for society has been explored in the last decades to switch off the overexploited and pollutant fossil-based economy. Today there is a strong movement to set bioeconomy as priority, but there are still challenges and technical limitations that must be overcome in the first place, particularly on biomass fractionation. For biomass to be an appellative raw material, an efficient and sustainable separation of its major components must be achieved. On the other hand, the technology development for biomass valorisation must follow green chemistry practices towards eco-friendly processes, otherwise no environmental leverage over traditional petrochemical technologies will be acquired. In this context, the application of green solvents, such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES), in biomass fractionation is envisaged as promising technology that encompasses not only efficiency and environmental benefits, but also selectivity, which is a crucial demand to undertake cascade processes at biorefinery level. In particular, this article briefly discusses the disruptive achievements upon the application of ILs and DES in biomass delignification step towards an effective and selective separation of lignin from polysaccharides. The different physicochemical properties of these solvents, their interactions with lignin and their delignification capacity will be scrutinized, while some highlights will be given to the important characteristics of isolated lignin fractions for further valorisation. The advantages and disadvantages between ILs and DES in biomass delignification will be contrasted as well along the article.

scholarly journals Recent Developments on 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions by Catalysis in Green Solvents

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Maiuolo ◽  
Vincenzo Algieri ◽  
Fabrizio Olivito ◽  
Antonio De Nino
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Dipolar Cycloadditions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of

The use of eco-compatible synthetic procedures in organic reactions and, in particular, in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, has recently received a great deal of attention and considerable progress has been achieved in this area in the last years. This review summarizes the approaches currently employed to synthesize heterocyclic compounds by catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in green solvents in the last six years. Our choice to do a selection of the literature from 2014 to 2019 was made considering the absence of a recent review about this period, to our knowledge. Several examples to construct heterocycles by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions will be discussed in this work subdivided in function of the most important class of non-conventional and green solvents, i.e., ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and water.

scholarly journals Green solvents from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents to natural deep eutectic solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henni Vanda ◽  
Yuntao Dai ◽  
Erica G. Wilson ◽  
Robert Verpoorte ◽  
Young Hae Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

scholarly journals Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Using Ionic Solvents

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Guilhem Arrachart ◽  
Julien Couturier ◽  
Sandrine Dourdain ◽  
Clément Levard ◽  
Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Extraction Processes

Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming more and more significant as they play crucial roles in many advanced technologies. Therefore, the development of optimized processes for their recovery, whether from primary resources or from secondary sources, has become necessary, including recovery from mine tailings, recycling of end-of-life products and urban and industrial waste. Ionic solvents, including ionic liquids (ILs) and deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), have attracted much attention since they represent an alternative to conventional processes for metal recovery. These systems are used as reactive agents in leaching and extraction processes. The most significant studies reported in the last decade regarding the recovery of REEs are presented in this review.

Ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and liquid polymers as green solvents in carbon capture technologies: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2031-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Krishnan ◽  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Dai-Viet N. Vo ◽  
Rajagopal Malolan ◽  
Vikas Madhav Nagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Liquid Polymers

scholarly journals Use of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polysaccharides Dissolution and Extraction Processes towards Sustainable Biomass Valorization

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda S. Morais ◽  
André M. da Costa Lopes ◽  
Mara G. Freire ◽  
Carmen S. R. Freire ◽  
João A. P. Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Biomass Valorization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Food Residues

A shift to a bioeconomy development model has been evolving, conducting the scientific community to investigate new ways of producing chemicals, materials and fuels from renewable resources, i.e., biomass. Specifically, technologies that provide high performance and maximal use of biomass feedstocks into commodities with reduced environmental impact have been highly pursued. A key example comprises the extraction and/or dissolution of polysaccharides, one of the most abundant fractions of biomass, which still need to be improved regarding these processes’ efficiency and selectivity parameters. In this context, the use of alternative solvents and the application of less energy-intensive processes in the extraction of polysaccharides might play an important role to reach higher efficiency and sustainability in biomass valorization. This review debates the latest achievements in sustainable processes for the extraction of polysaccharides from a myriad of biomass resources, including lignocellulosic materials and food residues. Particularly, the ability of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to dissolve and extract the most abundant polysaccharides from natural sources, namely cellulose, chitin, starch, hemicelluloses and pectins, is scrutinized and the efficiencies between solvents are compared. The interaction mechanisms between solvent and polysaccharide are described, paving the way for the design of selective extraction processes. A detailed discussion of the work developed for each polysaccharide as well as the innovation degree and the development stage of dissolution and extraction technologies is presented. Their advantages and disadvantages are also identified, and possible synergies by integrating microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction (MAE and UAE) or a combination of both (UMAE) are briefly described. Overall, this review provides key information towards the design of more efficient, selective and sustainable extraction and dissolution processes of polysaccharides from biomass.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents as Catalysts for Upgrading Biomass

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Payam Kalhor ◽  
Khashayar Ghandi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Biobased Chemicals ◽  
Sustainable Media

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising green solvents, due to their versatility and properties such as high biodegradability, inexpensiveness, ease of preparation and negligible vapor pressure. Thus, DESs have been used as sustainable media and green catalysts in many chemical processes. On the other hand, lignocellulosic biomass as an abundant source of renewable carbon has received ample interest for the production of biobased chemicals. In this review, the state of the art of the catalytic use of DESs in upgrading the biomass-related substances towards biofuels and value-added chemicals is presented, and the gap in the knowledge is indicated to direct the future research.

scholarly journals The Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses With Green Solvent as Biorefinery Preprocess: A Minor Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yin ◽  
Linshan Wei ◽  
Xueyuan Pan ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Jianchun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Supermolecular Structure ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pretreatment Technology

Converting agriculture and forestry lignocellulosic residues into high value-added liquid fuels (ethanol, butanol, etc.), chemicals (levulinic acid, furfural, etc.), and materials (aerogel, bioresin, etc.) via a bio-refinery process is an important way to utilize biomass energy resources. However, because of the dense and complex supermolecular structure of lignocelluloses, it is difficult for enzymes and chemical reagents to efficiently depolymerize lignocelluloses. Strikingly, the compact structure of lignocelluloses could be effectively decomposed with a proper pretreatment technology, followed by efficient separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which improves the conversion and utilization efficiency of lignocelluloses. Based on a review of traditional pretreatment methods, this study focuses on the discussion of pretreatment process with recyclable and non-toxic/low-toxic green solvents, such as polar aprotic solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents, and provides an outlook of the industrial application prospects of solvent pretreatment.

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