scholarly journals Cr3C2-NiCr Coating for the Protection of API Steel Corrosion in Concentrated Sodium Chloride Solution

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Sherif ◽  
Magdy M. El Rayes ◽  
Hany S. Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Current Time

In the present work, a layer of 75%Cr3C2−25%NiCr with thickness of 260 ± 15 µm was coated onto the API-2H pipeline steel surface using high-velocity oxy-fuel deposition. The effect of 75%Cr3C2−25%NiCr coating on the corrosion of the API steel after 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h exposure in 4.0% sodium chloride solutions is reported. The corrosion tests were performed using potentiodynamic cyclic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometric current–time techniques along with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. The curves of polarization indicated that the presence of the coating increases the corrosion resistance of the steel through decreasing its corrosion current and corrosion rate. Impedance data showed that all resistances recorded higher values for the coated API steel. Chronoamperometric current–time measurements confirmed that the coated API steel has lower absolute current values and thus lower corrosion rate. All results proved that the presence of 75%Cr3C2−25%NiCr coating enhances the corrosion resistance of the API steel via the formation of a protective layer of Cr and Ni oxides, which could lead to decreasing the corrosion rate.

scholarly journals Influence of Extrusion Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior in Sodium Chloride Solution of Solid State Recycled Aluminum Alloy 6061 Chips

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Nabeel H. Alharthi ◽  
El-Sayed M. Sherif ◽  
Mohamed A. Taha ◽  
Adel T. Abbas ◽  
Hany S. Abdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 6061 ◽  
Alloy 6061

In the present work, aluminum alloy 6061 (AA6061) device chips were subjected to cold compaction monitored by an extrusion procedure at an extrusion ratio of 5:2 and elevated temperatures of 350, 425, and 500 °C, respectively. The influence of changing temperature on the corrosion of the extruded alloys after 1 h and 24 h in 3.5% NaCl solutions was studied. The polarization (cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, CPP) results indicated that the corrosion decreases with the increase of extrusion temperature of AA6061 from 350 to 500 °C. Impedance (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) experiments provided a remarkable increase in the corrosion resistance with rising the extrusion temperature. Potentiostatic current-time (PCT) curves indicated that the current initially increased then decreased for all alloys after 1 h measurements. Prolonging the exposure time to 24 h was observed to decrease the rate of corrosion for all AA6061 alloys as proved by CPP and EIS data. This effect was found to increase the pitting corrosion as indicated by the measured PCT curves and by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for the surface of the alloys. The surface layers formed on AA6061 alloys were mostly composed of aluminum oxide as presented by the spectra of the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). All results indicated that the increase of the temperature of extrusion increased the corrosion resistance via decreasing the corrosion current and corrosion rate, and that this effect was found remarkably increased when the immersion time increased from 1 to 24 h exposure to the chloride test solution.

Effect of Sulfate Ions on the Corrosion Behavior of Steel in Concrete Using Electrochemical Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 3049-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Jie Shi ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Sulfate Ions

The effect of sulfate ions on the corrosion behavior of steel in ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) and high performance concrete (HPC) were investigated. Steel corrosion was evaluated by means of corrosion potential (Ecorr), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization (CP). The electrochemical results indicated that, compared to the pure chloride solution, the presence of sulfate ions in the chloride solution both reduced the time to corrosion initiation and lead to an increase in corrosion rate of steel in OPC specimens; however, the sulfate ions had negligible effect in HPC specimens. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of steel exposed to chloride solution was higher that to the sulfate solution both in OPC and HPC specimens.

Effect of Sn Addition on the Corrosion Performance of Cast X-52 in H2S-Containing Environment at 60°C

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liang Lin ◽  
Jian Qiu Wang ◽  
En Hou Han
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Content

The electrochemical behavior of cast X-52 with different Sn content ranging from 0 to 1 wt. % was investigated using the methods of potentiodynamic test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The immersion tests involved to examine the relationship between Sn addition and corrosion performance of cast X-52. In addition, the morphology and the compositions of surface corrosion products were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM)/ energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the presence of Sn decreased the corrosion current density. EIS indicated that Sn-containing steels had higher polarization resistances. These results confirmed that Sn played a positive role in reducing corrosion rate in H2S-containing environment. However, the corrosion resistance decreased with increasing Sn addition. It was proved that Sn improved the corrosion resistance with only a small content and large amount of Sn might lead to an advance of the pit due to occurrence of more acidification. Moreover, a continuous inner O-rich layer adherent to the matrix was found for Sn-addition samples, which lead to a decrease of corrosion rate due to its compact characteristic, compared with porous sulfide formed on the outer surface.

Corrosion Resistance of X52 Pipeline Steel at Sea Mud Zone

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Shuan Liu ◽  
Bao Rong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tafel Polarization ◽  
Sea Mud

Corrosion resistance of X52 pipeline steel at sea mud zone in Qingdao Huiquan test station was investigated by using Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The morphology and chemical composition of the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the corrosion current density of X52 pipeline steel increased with immersion time. The corrosion products were loose and mainly included Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and FeOCl, which absorbed on the specimen surface accelerating the cathodic depolarization reaction.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of API-X120 Carbon Steel Alloy in a GTL F-T Process Water Environment at Low COD Concentration

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Dina Ewis ◽  
Ahmed Gomaa Talkhan ◽  
Abdelbaki Benamor ◽  
Hazim Qiblawey ◽  
Mustafa Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

The effect of temperature, time and rotation speed of FT-GTL process water on the corrosion rate of API X-120 carbon steel was investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to determine the carbon steel corrosion rate under temperatures ranging from 293 to 323 K and rotation speed of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 rpm when the immersion time was 0.5, 1, and 2 h. The corrosion rate increased with temperature and rotation speed but decreased with immersion time. SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses of the corroded surfaces confirmed the formation of iron oxide and ferric oxide as the main components of the protective layer.

scholarly journals Sacrificial Dissolution of Zinc Electroplated and Cold Galvanized Coated Steel in Saline and Soil Environments: A Comparison

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Ameeq Farooq ◽  
Umer Masood Chaudry ◽  
Ahsan Saleem ◽  
Kashif Mairaj Deen ◽  
Kotiba Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Soil Solutions

To protect steel structures, zinc coatings are mostly used as a sacrificial barrier. This research aims to estimate the dissolution tendency of the electroplated and zinc-rich cold galvanized (ZRCG) coatings of a controlled thickness (35 ± 1 μm) applied via brush and dip coating methods on the mild steel. To assess the corrosion behavior of these coated samples in 3.5% NaCl and 10% NaCl containing soil solutions, open circuit potential (OCP), cyclic polarization (CP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed. The more negative OCP and appreciably large corrosion rate of the electroplated and ZRCG coated samples in 3.5% NaCl solution highlighted the preferential dissolution of Zn coatings. However, in saline soil solution, the relatively positive OCP (>−850 mV vs. Cu/CuSO4) and lower corrosion rate of the electroplated and ZRCG coatings compared to the uncoated steel sample indicated their incapacity to protect the steel substrate. The CP scans of the zinc electroplated samples showed a positive hysteresis loop after 24 h of exposure in 3.5% NaCl and saline soil solutions attributing to the localized dissolution of the coating. Similarly, the appreciable decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the electroplated samples after 24 h of exposure corresponded to their accelerated dissolution. Compared to the localized dissolution of the electroplated and brush-coated samples, the dip-coated ZRCG samples exhibited uniform dissolution during the extended exposure (500 h) salt spray test.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors Derived from Thai-Bael Fruit Extract for Preventing Corrosion in Carbon Steels

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2043-2050
Author(s):  
Phattarasuda Manantapong ◽  
Nattanon Chaipunya ◽  
Suttipong Wannapaiboon ◽  
Prae Chirawatkul ◽  
Worawat Wattanathana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Polarization Measurements ◽  
Hcl Solution

The inhibiting action of Thai-bael fruit extract at room temperature on hot-rolled steel in 1M HCl solution was studied. The chemical functional groups of the green inhibitors were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical activities of steel surface were investigated through linear polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, surface assessment techniques based on optical microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Electrochemical testing samples have been prepared in the form of square plates with the size 1 × 1 cm2. The organic corrosion inhibitor extract from Thai-bael fruit has shown the smallest corrosion current density (Icorr) of 114.8 μA cm-2 and corrosion potential (Ecorr) of -424.6 mV, compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrode potential. In comparison, similar tests in the bare HCl solutions yielded Icorr = 882.4 mA cm-2 and Ecorr = -445.8 mV. The mixed-type corrosion inhibiting behaviour was evidenced in the results of the polarization measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the resistance to charge transfer due to the presence of the extracts has been increased by about four times that of the same test on the bare HCl solution, indicating the formation of a protective layer. The adsorption of the organic molecules near the steel-electrolyte interface is evident in the decreasing double-layer capacitance with the enhancing concentration levels of the extract. This latter finding supports the displacement of the water molecules by means of the adsorption of the inhibitors on the steel surface. The optical images of steel surface before and after being immersed in HCl solution also showed pieces of evidence of corrosion retardation. XANES study as well as the linear combination fitting revealed that the samples immersed in HCl solutions with Thai-bael fruit extract possess less Fe3+ compositions. All tendencies across the four examinations indicate that Thai-bael fruit extract could potentially inhibit the corrosion reaction of steel electrodes in the acidic solution.

scholarly journals From Waste to Valuable Resource: Lignin as a Sustainable Anti-Corrosion Coating

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Dastpak ◽  
Kirsi Yliniemi ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Monteiro ◽  
Sarah Höhn ◽  
Sannakaisa Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization

In this study, a waste of biorefinery—lignin—is investigated as an anticorrosion coating on stainless steel. Corrosion behavior of two lignin types (hardwood beech and softwood spruce) was studied by electrochemical measurements (linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit potential, potentiostatic polarization, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance measurements) during exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF) or phosphate buffer (PBS). Results from linear sweep voltammetry of lignin-coated samples, in particular, demonstrated a reduction in corrosion current density between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude cf. blank stainless steel. Furthermore, results from cross cut adhesion tests on lignin-coated samples demonstrated that the best possible adhesion (grade 0) of ISO 2409 standard was achieved for the investigated novel coatings. Such findings suggest that lignin materials could transform the field of organic coatings towards more sustainable alternatives by replacing non-renewable polymer coatings.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance to H2S in the Welded Joints of X80 Pipeline Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Bao Wang ◽  
Guang-Chun Xiao ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Bing-Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei-Feng Rao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Granular Bainite ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel

The microstructure and corrosion resistance in H2S environments for various zones of X80 pipeline steel submerged arc welded joints were studied. The main microstructures in the base metal (BM), welded metal (WM), coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ), and fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) were mainly polygonal ferrite and granular bainite; acicular ferrite with fine grains; granular bainite, ferrite, and martensite/austenite constituents, respectively. The corrosion behavior differences resulted from the microstructure gradients. The results of the micro-morphologies of the corrosion product films and the electrochemical corrosion characteristics in H2S environments, including open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showed that the order of corrosion resistance was FGHAZ > BM > WM > CGHAZ.

Effect of Shot Peening on Microstructure and Properties of 34CrMo4 Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Jian Li ◽  
Qiang Zheng ◽  
Yue Lin Qin ◽  
Xiao Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sever Plastic Deformation ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

Plastic deformation can induce surface modification, such as shot peening (SP) on workpiece surface is the hot issue of recent scientific research. SP is the efficient way to improve mechanical behavior of specimens by inducing sever plastic deformation on their surface. Nevertheless, this surface treatment induced complex microstructural evolutions such as grain refinement, will enhance the corrosion resistance of specimens. In this work, the microstructure and properties of 34CrMo4 alloy of before and after SP for 20 min have been investigated. The evolution of microstructure and properties were analyzed from the surface and cross-section. The microstructure morphology at the different depth was determined by optical microscope. The results show grain size is increasing with the depth, and the microhardness and compressive residual stress decrease gradually. In terms of corrosion resistance, the 50 μm depth specimen has the best property than other depth, which the potential and corrosion current density are-0.484 V and-5.72 Acm-2, respectively. The maximum polarization resistance is 2055 Ωcm2by capacitive arc radius of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

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