scholarly journals Effect of Self-Invertible Matrix on Cipher Hexagraphic Polyfunction

Cryptography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Lin Pei Ching ◽  
Faridah Yunos
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Symmetric Matrices ◽  
Invertible Matrix ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
Cipher Text ◽  
Lucas Sequence

A cryptography system was developed previously based on Cipher Polygraphic Polyfunction transformations, C i × j ( t ) ≡ A i × i t P i × j m o d N where C i × j , P i × j , A i × i are cipher text, plain text, and encryption key, respectively. Whereas, ( t ) is the number of transformations of plain text to cipher text. In this system, the parameters ( A i × i , ( t ) ) are kept in secret by a sender of messages. The security of this system, including its combination with the second order linear recurrence Lucas sequence (LUC) and the Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman (RSA) method, until now is being upgraded by some researchers. The studies found that there is some type of self-invertible A 4 × 4 should be not chosen before transforming a plain text to cipher text in order to enhance the security of Cipher Tetragraphic Trifunction. This paper also seeks to obtain some patterns of self-invertible keys A 6 × 6 and subsequently examine their effect on the system of Cipher Hexagraphic Polyfunction transformation. For that purpose, we need to find some solutions L 3 × 3 for L 3 × 3 2 ≡ A 3 × 3 mod N when A 3 × 3 are diagonal and symmetric matrices and subsequently implement the key L 3 × 3 to get the pattern of A 6 × 6 .

scholarly journals Decomposable polynomials in second order linear recurrence sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 321-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Fuchs ◽  
Christina Karolus ◽  
Dijana Kreso
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Recurrence Sequences

scholarly journals General Linear Recurrence Sequences and Their Convolution Formulas

Axioms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Emilio Ricci ◽  
Pierpaolo Natalini
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Recurrence Relations ◽  
Second Order ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Matrix Polynomials ◽  
Recurrence Sequences ◽  
Straightforward Extension

We extend a technique recently introduced by Chen Zhuoyu and Qi Lan in order to find convolution formulas for second order linear recurrence polynomials generated by 1 1 + a t + b t 2 x . The case of generating functions containing parameters, even in the numerator is considered. Convolution formulas and general recurrence relations are derived. Many illustrative examples and a straightforward extension to the case of matrix polynomials are shown.

scholarly journals Distribution of some quadratic linear recurrence sequences modulo 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
ARTURAS DUBICKAS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Point ◽  
Fibonacci Sequence ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Recurrence Sequences

We show that if a is an even integer then for every ξ ∈ R the smallest limit point of the sequence ||ξan||∞n=1 does not exceed |a|/(2|a| + 2) and this bound is best possible in the sense that for some ξ this constant cannot be improved. Similar (best possible) bound is also obtained for the smallest limit point of the sequence ||ξxn||∞n=1, where (xn)∞n=1 satisfies the second order linear recurrence xn = axn−1 + bxn−2 with a, b ∈ N satisfying a > b. For the Fibonacci sequence (Fn)∞n=1 our result implies that supξ∈R lim infn→∞ ||ξFn|| = 1/5, and e.g., in case when a > 3 is an odd integer, b = 1 and θ := a/2 + p a 2/4 + 1 it shows that supξ∈R lim infn→∞ ||ξθn|| = (a − 1)/2a.

scholarly journals Mersenne-Horadam identities using generating functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
R. Frontczak ◽  
T. Goy
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Balancing Numbers ◽  
Mersenne Numbers

The main object of the present paper is to reveal connections between Mersenne numbers $M_n=2^n-1$ and generalized Fibonacci (i.e., Horadam) numbers $w_n$ defined by a second order linear recurrence $w_n=pw_{n-1}+qw_{n-2}$, $n\geq 2$, with $w_0=a$ and $w_1=b$, where $a$, $b$, $p>0$ and $q\ne0$ are integers. This is achieved by relating the respective (ordinary and exponential) generating functions to each other. Several explicit examples involving Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, Jacobsthal and balancing numbers are stated to highlight the results.

scholarly journals Some Convolution Formulae Related to the Second-Order Linear Recurrence Sequence

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoyu Chen ◽  
Lan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Power Series Expansion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Recurrence Sequence ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Elementary Methods ◽  
Linear Recurrence Sequence ◽  
Convolution Formula ◽  
The Relationship

The main aim of this paper is that for any second-order linear recurrence sequence, the generating function of which is f ( t ) = 1 1 + a t + b t 2 , we can give the exact coefficient expression of the power series expansion of f x ( t ) for x ∈ R with elementary methods and symmetry properties. On the other hand, if we take some special values for a and b, not only can we obtain the convolution formula of some important polynomials, but also we can establish the relationship between polynomials and themselves. For example, we can find relationship between the Chebyshev polynomials and Legendre polynomials.

scholarly journals Some New Identities of Second Order Linear Recurrence Sequences

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Liu ◽  
Xingxing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Power Series ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Combinatorial Method ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Computational Problem ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Recursive Sequence ◽  
Recurrence Sequences

The main purpose of this paper is using the combinatorial method, the properties of the power series and characteristic roots to study the computational problem of the symmetric sums of a certain second-order linear recurrence sequences, and obtain some new and interesting identities. These results not only improve on some of the existing results, but are also simpler and more beautiful. Of course, these identities profoundly reveal the regularity of the second-order linear recursive sequence, which can greatly facilitate the calculation of the symmetric sums of the sequences in practice.

scholarly journals On a Rado Type Problem for Homogeneous Second Order Linear Recurrences

10.37236/310 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayri Ardal ◽  
Zdeněk Dvořák ◽  
Veselin Jungić ◽  
Tomáš Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Recurrence ◽  
Type Problem ◽  
Linear Recurrences ◽  
Type Function ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
Ramsey Type

In this paper we introduce a Ramsey type function $S(r;a,b,c)$ as the maximum $s$ such that for any $r$-coloring of ${\Bbb N}$ there is a monochromatic sequence $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_s$ satisfying a homogeneous second order linear recurrence $ax_i+bx_{i+1}+cx_{i+2}=0$, $1\leq i\leq s-2$. We investigate $S(2;a,b,c)$ and evaluate its values for a wide class of triples $(a,b,c)$.

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