scholarly journals Analysis and Quantification of Alkyl (C12-22) Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Content in Cosmetics: Regulatory Compliance Gap Analysis

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ◽  
Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ◽  
Moyad Shahwan ◽  
Sa’ed H. Zyoud
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Chloride Level ◽  
And Control

Background: Exceeding the recommended Alkyl (C12-22) trimethyl ammonium bromide and chloride levels in cosmetics and personal care products is a serious health threat. Objectives: To quantify and investigate Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride in cosmetics and personal care products in the UAE market to gauge whether or not they adhered to requirements for safety and health. Methods: A total of 164 cosmetics products were collected and analyzed in this study. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride surfactants in cosmetics products. With each product, Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%) were calculated. To test cross-group differences in Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%), Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. Results: Of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, five (4%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in rinse-off hair products (2.5%), 10 (8%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in leave-on hair products (1%), and 24 (61.5%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level used as a preservative in cosmetics products. Moreover, of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, 21 (53.8%) exceeded the recommended Behentrimonium chloride level used as preservatives in cosmetics products. Conclusions: Although several structures for cosmetics quality and control across the globe are fairly comprehensive and intricate, there is a need to make them more rigorous to apply compliance with GMP and ensure regulatory control. Doing so would help enhance the inspection and regulation of cosmetics containing Behentrimonium chloride/Cetrimonium chloride preservatives. Furthermore, there is a dire need to establish a unified cosmetovigilance worldwide.

scholarly journals Method Validation and Investigation of the Levels of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants and Soils of Irrigated Golf Course

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Temitope Ademoyegun ◽  
Omobola Oluranti Okoh ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Detector

The validation of a sensitive and reliable analytical procedure for the determination of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in solid environmental samples is reported in this study. Initially, two types of derivatization were used for the identification of the 13 target PPCP standards (acylation and silylation), but silylation proved to be better in sensitivity as it detected all of the analytes under investigation. Samples were extracted using an ultrasonicator, concentrated and re-dissolved in 100 mL water, then cleaned-up using C18 cartridges before silylation that preceded the Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry detector (GC–MS) analyses. The optimized method provided a linear response over the range of 10–400 ng·g−1 with r2 > 0.992 and satisfactory recoveries (>45.6%) for the 13 compounds of interest. In this study, the variation of the sonication temperature, type of organic solvent for extraction, and types of cartridge were used to optimize the extraction procedure. A good repeatability (within day) and reproducibility (between days) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) that was equal or less than 13% for all the PPCPs were achieved with the developed extraction procedures for the irrigated soil and sewage sludge samples. The limits of detection (LODs) of the tested compounds varied from 0.1 ng·g−1 (aspirin) to 1.4 ng·g−1 (doxycycline) and from 0.1 ng·g−1 (codiene) to 1.7 ng·g−1 (doxycycline) for soils and sewage sludge samples, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soils of an irrigated golf course. Among the tested emerging pollutants, paracetamol showed the highest concentration value of 98.9 ng·g−1 in the sludge, and for the irrigated soil (0 to 10 cm), the concentration ranged from 1.16 ng·g−1 (aspirin) to 8.57 ng·g−1 (ibuprofen).

scholarly journals Study on determination method of cyclic siloxanes in personal care products collected from Hanoi, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Cyclic Siloxanes ◽  
Beauty Products

Cyclic siloxanes are widely used in beauty products as softener and polisher. Howeve, very few studies have reported the occurrence and amount of cyclic siloxanes in personal care products (PCPs). In this research, the analysis method of cyclic siloxanes including octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in PCPs was developed by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. The method detection limits and the method quantification limits of individual cyclic siloxanes were 0.7 ng/g and 2.0 ng/g, respectively. Mean recoveries of surrogate compound (M4Q) and target compounds for the procedural blanks ranged from 88.5 to 94.9%. The recoveries of M4Q for real samples ranged from 75.5 to 120% (RSD: 6.8%). The optimal procedure was applied to measure the amount of D4, D5, and D6 in several samples of PCPs including shampoos, hair gels, and shower gels collected from retail stores in Hanoi, Vietnam. Mean concentrations of D4, D5 and D6 in PCPs ranged of 0.313 – 5.61 µg/g, 0.683 – 11.7 µg/g, and 0.294 – 3.38 µg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ◽  
Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ◽  
Moyad Shahwan ◽  
Sa’ed H. Zyoud ◽  
Akram Ashames
Keyword(s):  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Many personal care products, and particularly cosmetic products, contain preservatives that release formaldehyde. These are potentially harmful to consumer health, especially considering that the levels of formaldehyde in some products are hidden and excessive. Objectives: To study the formaldehyde levels of preservatives in personal care products and cosmetics on the UAE market and determine the extent of compliance with health and safety requirements. Methods and Materials: Sixty-nine personal care and cosmetic product samples from the UAE market were collected and prepared to determine their formaldehyde content. According to the Second European Commission Directive 82/434/EEC of 2000 and as per the Gulf Technical Regulation, Safety Requirements of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products in GSO 1943:2016, quantitative analyses were performed to identify and quantify the content of formaldehyde as free formaldehyde. Results: With a maximum permissible limit of ≤0.2% w/w, the average formaldehyde content was found to be 0.083 with a 95% CI (0.039–0.13). Nine of the tested personal care and cosmetic products exceeded the recommended formaldehyde level, corresponding to 13% of all samples. None of these samples listed the free formaldehyde content or formaldehyde releaser. Conclusion: Applying good manufacturing practices (GMP), education, and regulatory control to improve the regulation and inspection of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives, conducting research, and reporting the adverse side effects are highly recommended. There is an urgent need to monitor the incidence of skin sensitivity resulting from the use of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical and personal care products in domestic wastewater and their removal in anaerobic treatment systems: Septic tank – up flow anaerobic filter.

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Arrubla Vélez ◽  
Janneth Astrid Cubillos Vargas ◽  
Carlos Andrés Ramirez Vargas ◽  
Jhon Alexander Arredondo Gonzalez ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arias Isaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance

<p>In several countries around the world, Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) exist in aquatic environments, a fact that increases the awareness within the scientific community with respect to their possible fate and environment effects. This research presents a preliminary monitoring of use, consumption and presence of PPCPs in wastewater from a treatment plant in a rural area of Pereira (Colombia). Domestic sewage is treated in a septic tank followed by an Up-Flow Anaerobic Filter and its effluent is discharged into the Otún River, upstream of the water intake of the supply system of the city. The compounds monitored in this research included ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, aspirin, ketoprofen, caffeine, galaxolide, tonalide and dihydrojasmonate. An adapted method of multi-residue analysis was used, which is based on solid phase extraction with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridges, and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The removal efficiencies demonstrated that the treatment plant could eliminate less than 50% of dihydrojasmonate, diclofenac and galaxolide existing in wastewater; concentration of aspirin, naproxen and tonalide could only be reduced in 15%; and caffeine, ibuprofen and ketoprofen were not removed. Results provided basic information to decide over the necessity of complementary treatments for effluents from systems with the mentioned units.</p>

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