scholarly journals Hair Transplantation Surgery Versus Other Modalities of Treatment in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Narrative Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Swathi Shivakumar ◽  
Martin Kassir ◽  
Lidia Rudnicka ◽  
Hassan Galadari ◽  
Stephan Grabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Hair Transplantation ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Transplantation Surgery ◽  
Surgical Options

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of baldness and its incidence has increased over the past few years with an earlier age of onset being widely reported all over the world. Although it is reported more often in men, it affects women as well. With the growing cosmetic concern of patients, emphasis has shifted from the more traditional treatment options such as finasteride and minoxidil to surgical options such as hair transplantation. This review briefly highlights all of the treatment options available for AGA so far. A special focus is on current data available on hair transplantation surgeries and the various methods, merits and demerits and limitations of surgery. The literature research considered published journal articles (scientific reviews) from 1990 to date. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and the reference lists of respective articles. Only articles available in English were considered for this review.

Androgenetic alopecia: Hair transplantation surgery update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baltazar Sanabria ◽  
Gabriel H. Fachini ◽  
Paulo M. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Hair Transplantation ◽  
Transplantation Surgery

scholarly journals Identification of 38 novel loci for systemic lupus erythematosus and genetic heterogeneity between ancestral groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Fei Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhiming Lin ◽  
Huoru Zhang ◽  
Ting-You Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
A Genome

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a worldwide autoimmune disease with high heritability, shows differences in prevalence, severity and age of onset among different ancestral groups. Previous genetic studies have focused more on European populations, which appear to be the least affected. Consequently, the genetic variations that underlie the commonalities, differences and treatment options in SLE among ancestral groups have not been well elucidated. To address this, we undertake a genome-wide association study, increasing the sample size of Chinese populations to the level of existing European studies. Thirty-eight novel SLE-associated loci and incomplete sharing of genetic architecture are identified. In addition to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, nine disease loci show clear ancestral differences and implicate antibody production as a potential mechanism for differences in disease manifestation. Polygenic risk scores perform significantly better when trained on ancestry-matched data sets. These analyses help to reveal the genetic basis for disparities in SLE among ancestral groups.

Age of onset of mental disorders and use of mental health services: needs, opportunities and obstacles

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de Girolamo ◽  
J. Dagani ◽  
R. Purcell ◽  
A. Cocchi ◽  
P. D. McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Services Needs

Purpose of review.In this review, we provide an update of recent studies on the age of onset (AOO) of the major mental disorders, with a special focus on the availability and use of services providing prevention and early intervention.Recent findings.The studies reviewed here confirm previous reports on the AOO of the major mental disorders. Although the behaviour disorders and specific anxiety disorders emerge during childhood, most of the high-prevalence disorders (mood, anxiety and substance use) emerge during adolescence and early adulthood, as do the psychotic disorders. Early AOO has been shown to be associated with a longer duration of untreated illness, and poorer clinical and functional outcomes.Summary.Although the onset of most mental disorders usually occurs during the first three decades of life, effective treatment is typically not initiated until a number of years later. There is increasing evidence that intervention during the early stages of disorder may help reduce the severity and/or the persistence of the initial or primary disorder, and prevent secondary disorders. However, additional research is needed on effective interventions in early-stage cases, as well as on the long-term effects of early intervention, and for an appropriate service design for those with emerging mental disorders. This will mean not only the strengthening and re-engineering of existing systems, but is also crucial the construction of new streams of care for young people in transition to adulthood.

Bilateral Nervus Intermedius Sectioning for Geniculate Neuralgia: Case Report and Operative Video

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keaton Piper ◽  
Qizhi Victoria Zheng ◽  
Robert S Heller ◽  
Siviero Agazzi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Microvascular Decompression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Vascular Loop ◽  
Nervus Intermedius

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Geniculate neuralgia is a rare condition characterized by excruciating ear pain. Surgical options for geniculate neuralgia include microvascular decompression and sectioning of the nervus intermedius. We report herein a case of bilateral geniculate neuralgia treated by nervus intermedius sectioning without prior microvascular decompression. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this treatment strategy with a subsequent description of the side effects of bilateral nervus intermedius disruption. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 54-yr-old woman presented with bilateral geniculate neuralgia, worse on the left, refractory to medical therapy. Surgical treatment options were reviewed, including microvascular decompression and sectioning of the nervus intermedius. She opted for left nervus intermedius sectioning. The procedure was uncomplicated and no compressive vascular loop was identified during surgery. Postoperatively, she had complete symptom resolution with no discernable side effects. Three years later, the patient developed worsening geniculate neuralgia on the contralateral side. After the discussion of treatment options, she opted again for sectioning of the contralateral nervus intermedius with successful resolution of all symptoms after surgery. Following surgery, the patient identified partial impairment of lacrimation and gustation. She continued to have functional taste of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lacrimation, and hearing bilaterally. CONCLUSION Bilateral sectioning of nervus intermedius may provide benefit in patients with bilateral geniculate neuralgia without egregious side effects. However, lacrimatory and gustatory alterations are a potentially significant side effect with a wide range of symptomatology.

scholarly journals Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Morandi ◽  
Francesco Frassoni ◽  
Mirco Ponzoni ◽  
Chiara Brignole
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
High Stage ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Primary Tissue

Neuroblastoma (NB) and malignant melanoma (MM), tumors of pediatric age and adulthood, respectively, share a common origin, both of them deriving from the neural crest cells. Although NB and MM have a different behavior, in respect to age of onset, primary tissue involvement and metastatic spread, the prognosis for high stage-affected patients is still poor, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies and the huge amount of new discovered biological knowledge. For these reasons researchers are continuously attempting to find out new treatment options, which in a near future could be translated to the clinical practice. In the last two decades, a strong effort has been spent in the field of translational research of immunotherapy which led to satisfactory results. Indeed, several immunotherapeutic clinical trials have been performed and some of them also resulted beneficial. Here, we summarize preclinical studies based on immunotherapeutic approaches applied in models of both NB and MM.

scholarly journals PERIOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALLY ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Paulo BATISTA ◽  
Candice Amorim de Araujo Lima SANTOS ◽  
Gustavo Fernandes Godoy ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Perioperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Advanced Stages

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and a main cause of cancer-related death worldwide, since the majority of patients suffering of this malignancy are usually faced with a poor prognosis due to diagnosis at later stages. In order to improve treatment outcomes, the association of surgery with chemo and/or radiotherapy (multimodal therapy) has become the standard treatment for locally advanced stages. However, despite several treatment options currently available for management of these tumors, perioperative chemotherapy has been mainly accepted for the comprehensive therapeutic strategy including an appropriated D2-gastrectomy. This manuscript presents a (nonsystematic) critical review about the use of perioperative chemotherapy, with a special focus on the drugs delivery.

scholarly journals “Satanism is witchcraft’s younger sibling”: Changing perceptions of natural and supernatural anaemia causality in Malawian children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250661
Author(s):  
Sarah Svege ◽  
Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe ◽  
Siri Lange
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Poor Nutrition

In countries of sub-Saharan Africa, many children are admitted to hospital with severe forms of anaemia. The late hospital admissions of anaemic children contribute significantly to child morbidity and mortality in these countries. This qualitative study explores local health beliefs and traditional treatment practices that may hinder timely seeking of hospital care for anaemic children. In January of 2019, nine focus group discussions were conducted with 90 participants in rural communities of Malawi. The participants represented four groups of caregivers; mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers of children under the age of five. The Malawian medical landscape is comprised of formal and informal therapeutic alternatives–and this myriad of modalities is likely to complicate the healthcare choices of caregivers. When dealing with child illness, many participants reported how they would follow a step-by-step, ‘multi-try’ therapeutic pathway where a combination of biomedical and traditional treatment options were sought at varying time points depending on the perceived cause and severity of symptoms. The participants linked anaemia to naturalistic (malaria, poor nutrition and the local illnesses kakozi and kapamba), societal (the local illness msempho) and supernatural or personalistic (witchcraft and Satanism) causes. Most participants agreed that anaemia due to malaria and poor nutrition should be treated at hospital. As for local illnesses, many grandparents suggested herbal treatment offered by traditional healers, while the majority of parents would opt for hospital care. However, participants across all age groups claimed that anaemia caused by witchcraft and Satanism could only be dealt with by traditional healers or prayer, respectively. The multiple theories of anaemia causality combined with extensive use of and trust in traditional and complementary medicine may explain the frequent delay in admittance of anaemic children to hospital.

scholarly journals The Use of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology to Study and Create Cancer Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Kennedy ◽  
Jeffrey O. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetic Abnormality ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Prime Target

Genetic disorders are the result of abnormalities that arise in the human genome at birth or through postnatal random genetic change. These abnormalities can also increase the risk for developing other diseases such as cancerous cell growth. Traditional treatment for genetic disorders has focused on alleviation of symptoms to increase patient welfare rather than treating the root cause, the genetic abnormality. As genetic editing technologies are developed and refined, the prospect of correcting the abnormal genetic sequence is becoming realistic. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has made it possible for researchers to respond to genetic abnormalities quickly by cutting and replacing the abnormal sequence to then contain a healthy sequence and potentially reverse the abnormal phenotype. Cancer, a disease based on genetic dysfunction, is a prime target for genetic editing. Often treated with debilitating radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery, the use of genetic editing has the potential to revolutionize current treatment options. This review will discuss the current outlook of cancer and its treatment with a focus on how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to edit immunotherapy options that clinicians currently possess. Furthermore, potential dangers of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and consequences of the system and its unethical use will be discussed. Finally, there will be an evaluation on the future of how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used in medicine.

Occurrence and Treatment of Micropollutants in Landfill Leachate

2020 ◽  
pp. 1492-1508
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Acid Esters

Micropollutants have emerged as a new challenge to the scientific community over the past decade. This chapter discusses the occurrence of various micropollutants in landfill leachate. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are one of the most investigated compounds in landfill leachate and are therefore given special focus in this chapter. The potential treatment options for these micropollutants are discussed with relevance to the estrogenicity potential of micropollutants. The potential of leaching of micropollutants from landfill sites is discussed to emphasize on the requirements of appropriate liners to avoid such exposure to the surrounding environment. Biological treatment in particular membrane bioreactors have been successfully used to remove some of the micropollutants. Advanced oxidation processes such Fenton and photo-Fenton have limited application reported in literature whereas other physic-chemical processes such as coagulation and adsorption have been demonstrated to be effective in the removal of micropollutants.

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