scholarly journals Polarization Analysis in Mössbauer Reflectometry with Synchrotron Mössbauer Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Andreeva ◽  
Roman Baulin ◽  
Aleksandr Chumakov ◽  
Tatiyana Kiseleva ◽  
Rudolf Rüffer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Angle ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Polarization Component ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
Hyperfine Transitions ◽  
Surface Sensitivity ◽  
Reflectivity Spectra ◽  
Ultrathin Layers ◽  
Synchrotron Mössbauer Source ◽  
Selection Of

Polarization selection of the reflected radiation has been employed in Mössbauer reflectivity measurements with a synchrotron Mössbauer source (SMS). The polarization of resonantly scattered radiation differs from the polarization of an incident wave so the Mössbauer reflectivity contains a scattering component with 90° rotated polarization relative to the π-polarization of the SMS for some hyperfine transitions. We have shown that the selection of this rotated π→σ component from total reflectivity gives an unusual angular dependence of reflectivity characterized by a peak near the critical angle of the total external reflection. In the case of collinear antiferromagnetic interlayer ordering, the “magnetic” maxima on the reflectivity angular curve are formed practically only by radiation with this rotated polarization. The first experiment on Mössbauer reflectivity with a selection of the rotated polarization discovers the predicted peak near the critical angle. The measurement of the rotated π→σ polarization component in Mössbauer reflectivity spectra excludes the interference with non-resonant electronic scattering and simplifies the spectrum shape near the critical angle allowing for an improved data interpretation in the case of poorly resolved spectra. It is shown that the selected component of Mössbauer reflectivity with rotated polarization is characterized by enhanced surface sensitivity, determined by the “squared standing waves” depth dependence. Therefore, the new approach has interesting perspectives for investigations of surfaces, ultrathin layers and multilayers having complicated magnetic structures.

scholarly journals Nuclear resonance reflectivity from a [57Fe/Cr]30multilayer with the Synchrotron Mössbauer Source

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Andreeva ◽  
Roman A. Baulin ◽  
Aleksandr I. Chumakov ◽  
Rudolf Rüffer ◽  
Gennadii V. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Field ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Interlayer Coupling ◽  
Magnetic Alignment ◽  
Nuclear Resonance ◽  
Reflectivity Spectra ◽  
Synchrotron Mössbauer Source ◽  
Polarized Radiation

Mössbauer reflectivity spectra and nuclear resonance reflectivity (NRR) curves have been measured using the Synchrotron Mössbauer Source (SMS) for a [57Fe/Cr]30periodic multilayer, characterized by the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling between adjacent57Fe layers. Specific features of the Mössbauer reflectivity spectra measured with π-polarized radiation of the SMS near the critical angle and at the `magnetic' maximum on the NRR curve are analyzed. The variation of the ratio of lines in the Mössbauer reflectivity spectra and the change of the intensity of the `magnetic' maximum under an applied external field has been used to reveal the transformation of the magnetic alignment in the investigated multilayer.

scholarly journals Standing wave approach in the theory of X-ray magnetic reflectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Andreeva ◽  
R. A. Baulin ◽  
Yu. L. Repchenko
Keyword(s):  
Critical Angle ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Magnetic Multilayer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Kinematical Approach ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

An extension of the exact X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity theory has been developed, taking into account the small value of the magnetic terms in the X-ray susceptibility tensor. It is shown that squared standing waves (fourth power of the total electric field) determine the output of the magnetic addition to the total reflectivity from a magnetic multilayer. The obtained generalized kinematical approach essentially speeds up the calculation of the asymmetry ratio in the magnetic reflectivity. The developed approach easily explains the peculiarities of the angular dependence of the reflectivity with the rotated polarization (such as the peak at the critical angle of the total external reflection). The revealed dependence of the magnetic part of the total reflectivity on the squared standing waves means that the selection of the reflectivity with the rotated polarization ensures higher sensitivity to the depth profiles of magnetization than the secondary radiation at the specular reflection condition.

scholarly journals PCQ: Preferred Comfort Questionnaires for product design

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S19-S28
Author(s):  
Shabila Anjani ◽  
Manon Kühne ◽  
Alessandro Naddeo ◽  
Susanne Frohriep ◽  
Neil Mansfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Second International

BACKGROUND: Selecting the most suitable questionnaire(s) in comfort research for product design is always a challenge, even for experienced researchers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to create a list of Preferred Comfort Questionnaires (PCQ) for product design to help researchers in the selection of questionnaires for comfort research. METHODS: Fifteen questionnaires that are often used in comfort research for product design were selected as candidate questionnaires. During the Second International Comfort Congress (ICC 2019), 55 researchers and practitioners working in the field of comfort joined together in a workshop to rate these questionnaires individually as well as rank them in groups based on their experience. The criteria of rating and ranking included easiness to answer, easiness for data interpretation, time needed to complete, the need for prior training, as well as mapping the applicable design phases and field of application. RESULTS: The elicited responses related to each questionnaire were analyzed. For comfort research in five proposed application fields and four design phases, the preferred questionnaires were highlighted and categorized into four categories: preferred questionnaire, suitable for less prior training, suitable for fast completion and generally applicable, which led to a list of PCQ for product design. CONCLUSION: We expect that the PCQ list can be used as a useful instrument to help researchers in selecting questionnaires for comfort research in product design.

scholarly journals Současný přístup k hodnocení talentů pro krátký triatlon v České republice

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Lenka Kovářová ◽  
Karel Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Evaluation System

The article presents new fi ndings regarding the evaluation system of talent prerequisites for short triathlon in the pre-peak period, i.e. in junior category (18 – 19 years). We present the current battery of tests and three case studies that bring the possibility of data interpretation. For the evaluation, we used standards (T-points) for individual tests, which illustrate intra- and interindividual diff erences with respect to a given model – the norm. We found out that a below-average result reached in one of the tested areas cannot be compensated by any above-average result in another area. Th e most important issue for the assessment of future performance in triathlon is to fi nd the lower limit of 45 T-points, rather than achieving the highest level in some of the tests. For the selection of talented athletes at the age of 18 – 19 years, it is desirable to seek an individual, who has achieved outstanding results in tests that can be considered to be less aff ected by training (ECM/BCM, VO2max, mobility and concentration of attention); however, another necessary precondition is also the high level of swimming tests with regard to age of athletes. It is rather essential to distinguish between highly trained individuals who already have the minimal capacity for improvement and may not be perspective in the categories K 23 and seniors (the peak of their careers is the junior age).

Monitoring exposure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Smedley ◽  
Finlay Dick ◽  
Steven Sadhra
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Chemical Mixtures ◽  
Workplace Exposure ◽  
Exposure Monitoring ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Sample types for workplace pollutants 604Selection of sampling and analysis methods 606Workplace exposure survey types 608Exposure variability 610Designing exposure monitoring programmes 612Data interpretation 1: calculating TWA concentrations 614Data interpretation 2: exposure to chemical mixtures 616Dermal exposure 617Conceptual model of dermal exposure ...

scholarly journals CREATIVE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING IN DEVELOPING LOCAL ECONOMY IN PAREPARE CITY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rakib ◽  
Muchtar Yunus ◽  
Nur Amin
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Selection Of

This study aims to determine the development of creative industries, the usefulness of the implementation of entrepreneurship training, the factors that support and inhibit, and formulate a creative industry development strategy based on entrepreneurship training in an effort to develop local economic areas in the city of Parepare. This research is a type of evaluation research using a qualitative approach. This research was conducted in Parepare Town of South Sulawesi. The subjects of the study were the participants of entrepreneurship training in Kota Parepare, and the Department of Manpower of Parepare City as the manager and implementer of training through UPTD BLK Kota Parepare. Data collection techniques used are Document study, observation, and interview. Data analysis techniques include: (a) Data processing, which consists of categorization and data reduction, (b) data presentation, (c) data interpretation, and (d) drawing conclusions/verifications. The results show that (1) The development of creative industries through entrepreneurship training includes: Information and Communication Technology, Garment Apparel, Beauty, Building, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Refrigeration, Manufacturing Engineering, and Welding Technique; (2) The usefulness of the implementation of entrepreneurship training that can shorten the learning period, improve business performance, establish attitudes, help solve business operational problems, prepare entrepreneurs to acquire expertise in certain fields, and produce output that has the ability and knowledge that qualified (3) There are several factors that support and hinder the development of creative industries through entrepreneurship training in developing creative industries, both internal and external factors, and (4) development strategy based creative industry entrepreneurship in an effort to develop the local economy of recruitment and selection of trainees, selection of training instructors, the provision of facilities and infrastructure, curriculum development, and the provision of funds or training budgets.

scholarly journals A New Methodology for the Detection and Extraction of Hyperbolas in GPR Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4892
Author(s):  
Klaudia Onyszko ◽  
Anna Fryśkowska-Skibniewska
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Underground Infrastructure ◽  
Detection Of Objects ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Wavelet Analyses ◽  
Selection Of

Reliable detection of underground infrastructure is essential for infrastructure modernization works, the implementation of BIM technology, and 3D cadasters. This requires shortening the time of data interpretation and the automation of the stage of selecting the objects. The main factor that influences the quality of radargrams is noise. The paper presents the method of data filtration with use of wavelet analyses and Gabor filtration. The authors were inspired to conduct the research by the fact that the interpretation and analysis of radargrams is time-consuming and by the wish to improve the accuracy of selection of the true objects by inexperienced operators. The authors proposed automated methods for the detection and classification of hyperboles in GPR images, which include the data filtration, detection, and classification of objects. The proposed object classification methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process method introduces a classification coefficient that takes into account the weights of the proposed conditions and weights of the coefficients. The effectiveness and quality of detection and classification of objects in radargrams were assessed. The proposed methods make it possible to shorten the time of the detection of objects. The developed hyperbola classification coefficients show promising results of the detection and classification of objects.

scholarly journals Surface sensitivity of total reflection high-energy positron diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1611-C1611
Author(s):  
Toshio Hyodo ◽  
Yuki Fukaya ◽  
Izumi Mochizuki ◽  
Masaki Maekawa ◽  
Ken Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Angle ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Positron Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Surface Sensitivity ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Topmost Layer ◽  
Technical Details

"Reflection high-energy positron diffraction (RHEPD) is the positron counterpart of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). RHEPD was proposed in 1992 [1], and first demonstrated in 1998 [2]. Unlike the case of the electron, the potential energy of the positron inside a crystal is positive, and hence positrons incident on a crystal surface with a glancing angle smaller than a certain critical angle are totally reflected. This feature makes the positrons a tool extremely sensitive to the topmost layer of the crystal surface. Recent development of a brightness-enhanced intense positron beam at KEK [K. Wada, et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 443, 012082 (2013)] has made it possible to obtain clear RHEPD patterns. We rename the technique with a refined beam as ""total reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD)"". Here we demonstrate that the TRHEPD pattern from the Si(111)-7x7 DAS surface taken with a glancing angle smaller than the critical angle for the total reflection is essentially determined only by the atoms exposed on the surface (adatoms and the atoms in the first surface layer) [3]. The technical details of the positron beam preparation [M. Maekawa, et al., to be published in Eur. Phys. J. D (2014)], results on the Pt/Ge(001) nano-wire surface[I. Mochizuki, et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 245438 (2012)], TiO2(110)-1x2 surface, and silicene on Ag(111) surface [Y. Fukaya, et al., Phys. Rev. B 88 205413 (2013)] are also presented in this conference. "

Deconvolution by autocepstral windowing

Geophysics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Scheuer ◽  
D. E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Minimum Phase ◽  
Window Length ◽  
Deconvolution Method ◽  
Reflectivity Spectrum ◽  
Filter Length ◽  
Reflectivity Spectra ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Selection Of

The autocepstrum of a reflection seismogram is defined by the cepstrum of its autocorrelation function. Using the autocepstrum extends the basic deconvolution method for removing a minimum‐phase source wavelet to unmask subsurface reflectivity. When we record only the seismic trace and assume a minimumphase source wavelet, deconvolution reduces to estimating the wavelet autocorrelation. In practice, a portion of the seismic trace autocorrelation is used as an estimate of the wavelet autocorrelation. This can be justified by assuming a random reflectivity series with a white power spectrum. However, in cases where the reflectivity spectrum is not white, a preferred wavelet autocorrelation may be obtained by low‐pass windowing the trace autocepstrum. This approach liberates the selection of various deconvolution parameters such as filter length and design window length that are typically chosen to reinforce the assumption of a white reflectivity spectrum. For problems that require short, deconvolution‐filter design windows, and thus nonwhite reflectivity spectra, windowing the trace autocepstrum is an appropriate alternative to the conventional practice of windowing the trace autocorrelation.

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