scholarly journals LoRa Channel Characterization for Flexible and High Reliability Adaptive Data Rate in Multiple Gateways Networks

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ulysse Coutaud ◽  
Martin Heusse ◽  
Bernard Tourancheau
Keyword(s):  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Channel Characterization ◽  
Repetition Number ◽  
Erasure Correction ◽  
Forward Error

We characterize the LoRa channel in terms of multi-path fading, loss burstiness, and assess the benefits of Forward Error Correction as well as the influence of frame length. We make these observations by synthesizing extensive experimental measurements realized with The Things Network in a medium size city. We then propose to optimize the LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate algorithm based on this refined LoRa channel characterization and taking into account the LoRaWAN inherent macro-diversity from multi-gateway reception. Firstly, we propose ADRopt, which adjusts Spreading Factor and frame repetition number to maintain the communication below a target Packet Error Rate ceiling with optimized Time-On-Air. Secondly, we propose ADRIFECC, an extension of ADRopt in case an Inter-Frame Erasure Correction Code is available. The resulting protocol provides very high reliability even over low quality channels, with comparable Time on Air and similar downlink usage as the currently deployed mechanism. Simulations corroborate the analysis, both over a synthetic random wireless link and over replayed real-world packet transmission traces.

scholarly journals Defragmenting the 6LoWPAN Fragmentation Landscape: A Performance Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Amaury Bruniaux ◽  
Remous-Aris Koutsiamanis ◽  
Georgios Z. Papadopoulos ◽  
Nicolas Montavont
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Forward Error ◽  
Wireless Connectivity

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has made wireless connectivity ubiquitous and necessary. Extending the IoT to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) places significant demands in terms of reliability on wireless connectivity. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Std 802.15.4-2015 standard was designed in response to these demands, and the IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) adaptation layer was introduced to address (among other issues) its payload size limitations by performing packet compression and fragmentation. However, the standardised method does not cope well with low link-quality situations and, thus, we present the state-of-the-art Forward Error Correction (FEC) methods and introduce our own contribution, Network Coding FEC (NCFEC), to improve performance in these situations. We present and analyse the existing methods as well as our own theoretically, and we then implement them and perform an experimental evaluation using the 6TiSCH simulator. The simulation results demonstrate that when high reliability is required and only low quality links are available, NCFEC performs best, with a trade-off between additional network and computational overhead. In situations where the link quality can be guaranteed to be higher, simpler solutions also start to be feasible, but with reduced adaptation flexibility.

1.2 Tbit/s (30 × 42.7 Gbit/s ETDM channel) WDM transmission over 3 × 125 km with forward error correction

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miyamoto ◽  
K. Yonenaga ◽  
S. Kuwahara ◽  
M. Tomizawa ◽  
A. Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Forward Error ◽  
Wdm Transmission
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