scholarly journals Exploration of Equivalent Design Approaches for Tanks Transporting Flammable Liquids

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Koulocheris ◽  
Clio Vossou
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Tank Vehicles

Tank vehicles are widely used for the road transportation of dangerous goods and especially flammable liquid fuels. Existing gross weight limitations, in such transportations, render the self-weight of the tank structure a crucial parameter of the design. For the design and the construction of metallic tank vehicles carrying dangerous goods, the European Standard EN13094:2015 is applied. This Standard poses a minimum thickness for the shell thickness for the tank construction according to the mechanical properties of the construction material. In the present paper, primarily, the proposed design was investigated and a weight minimization of such a tank vehicle with respect to its structural integrity was performed. As test case, a tank vehicle with a box-shaped cross-section and low gross weight was considered. For the evaluation of the structural integrity of the tank construction, the mechanical analysis software ANSYS ® 2019R1 was used. The boundary values and the suitable computation for structural integrity were applied, as they are defined in the corresponding Standards. The thickness of the construction material was decreased to a minimum, lower than that posed by the standards, indicating that the limit posed by them was by no means boundary in terms of structural integrity.

Finite Element Transient Modelling for Aero-Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Whole Gas Turbine Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Giuntini ◽  
Antonio Andreini ◽  
Bruno Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Air System ◽  
Secondary Air

Abstract It is here proposed a numerical procedure aimed to perform transient aero-thermo-mechanical calculations of large power generation gas turbines. Due to the frequent startups and shutdowns that nowadays these engines encounter, procedures for multi-physics simulations have to take into account the complex coupled interactions related to inertial and thermal loads, and seal running clearances. In order to develop suitable secondary air system configurations, guarantee structural integrity and maintain actual clearances and temperature peaks in pre-established ranges, the overall complexity of the structure has to be reproduced with a whole engine modelling approach, simulating the entire machine in the real operating conditions. In the proposed methodology the aerodynamic solution providing mass flows and pressures, and the thermo-mechanical analysis returning temperatures and material expansion, are performed separately. The procedure faces the aero-thermo-mechanical problem with an iterative process with the aim of taking into account the complex aero-thermo-mechanical interactions actually characterizing a real engine, in a robust and modular tool, combining secondary air system, thermal and mechanical analysis. The heat conduction in the solid and the fluid-solid heat transfer are computed by a customized version of the open source FEM solver CalculiX®. The secondary air system is modelled by a customized version of the embedded CalculiX® one-dimensional fluid network solver. In order to assess the physical coherence of the presented methodology the procedure has been applied to a test case representative of a portion of a real engine geometry, tested in a thermal transient cycle for the assessment of the interaction between secondary air system properties and geometry deformations.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Causes of Particularly Major Road Traffic Accidents Involving Commercial Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3878
Author(s):  
Mingwei Yan ◽  
Wentao Chen ◽  
Jianhao Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Organizational Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Preventative Measures

Major accidents occurred frequently in the road transportation industry, and the resulting harm to drivers, property loss, and traffic interruption are very serious. This study investigated 11 particularly major accidents involving commercial vehicles in China, and performed analysis on accident characteristics regarding the time, location, types of vehicles, and accident causation at different levels based on the 24Model. Large buses and dangerous goods vehicles were involved in 10 accidents and they all occurred on a freeway. The months from May to August, especially during the time periods of 2:00–4:00 and 14:00–16:00 every day, were the most prone to accidents. The driver’s speeding and fatigued driving, and vehicle failure were the direct causes of most of the accidents. The defects in organizational safety management involved 12 system elements, such as safety accountability, education and training, etc. Procedures are of no use if they were not followed, and there was often no effective process to assess the implementation of procedures in many organizations. The weaknesses in organizational safety culture were the source of accidents, which was mainly manifested in members’ inadequate cognition of key elements in the aspects of safety importance, safety commitment, safety management system, etc. Understanding the characteristics and root causes of accidents can help to prevent the recurrence of similar mistakes and strengthen preventative measures in road transportation enterprises.

Vibration of a cryomodule’s coupler during road transportation: Multibody analysis and experimental validation

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110251
Author(s):  
Andrea Barnaba ◽  
Paolo Neri ◽  
Francesco Bucchi ◽  
Donato Passarelli ◽  
Mattia Parise
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Set Up

The road transportation of critical components for cryogenic cryomodules is a challenging task. Indeed, the shipping and the handling of fundamental sub-assemblies can expose these components to harmful dynamic loads that can jeopardize their structural integrity. This article has the purpose of developing a finite element multibody model capable of assessing the acceleration on a test coupler for a cavity of the Single Spoke Resonator 1 subjected to a typical road transportation trip. A multibody model consisting of rigid bodies and finite element–imported flexible bodies has been created allowing a comparison of the simulated and experimental acceleration. Afterwards, an experimental on-road test, whose set-up is described in this article, has been carried out at Fermilab with instrumented components. Being able to effectively simulate and validate the dynamic effects on such sub-assemblies makes it possible, for the future, to simulate more complex structures subject to dynamic loadings, such as the entire cryomodules during shipping. Furthermore, the results from the simulations can be used to guide the design of new suspension systems suitable for the reduction mitigation of structural vibration during the road transportation of cryomodules.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis and Route Optimization of Dangerous Goods Transportation Based on the Empirical Path Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Haixing Wang ◽  
Qianqian Liang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Population And Environment

Based on the empirical path set generated from the track data of dangerous goods vehicles, we present a new method for the risk analysis and path optimization of dangerous goods transportation. First of all, by exploring the travel rules of dangerous goods transport vehicles hidden in the track data, combined with the path set generation algorithm, the method of determining the empirical path set of dangerous goods transport is studied. Secondly, based on the empirical path set, mainly considering the travel rules of vehicles and people on the road, as well as the distribution of population and environment-sensitive areas along the road, a dual objective path selection model is proposed to comprehensively measure the risk and cost of road transportation under time-varying conditions. On this basis, given the principle of avoiding high-risk transportation paths, a comprehensive method of integrating multiple algorithms is proposed to solve the model. Finally, taking a road network as an example, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified. The method proposed takes both practicability and safety into account. Based on the experience path set, considering the time-varying characteristics, the decision-maker could choose the appropriate transportation path of dangerous goods according to different preferences, so as to better solve the problem of path selection for dangerous goods transportation.

Research on Safety Evaluation Indexes of the Road Transportation Enterprise of Dangerous Goods

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 1330-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Dong ◽  
Da Lin Qian ◽  
Cheng Hua Li ◽  
Hai Bo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Engineering Theory ◽  
Production Safety ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Qualification Management

By using the accident causing theory and system safety engineering theory, factors structure affecting the enterprise production safety was obtained. Comprehensively considering enterprise qualification management, transportation organization, employees and accidents, a multi-level safety evaluation index system is built, according to the relevant regulations and current situations of the road transportation enterprise of dangerous goods.

A Study on Job Satisfaction among Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) Employees at Tiruvarur Branch

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
M. Ganesan, K ◽  
K. Veerakumar ◽  
N. R Vembu ◽  
Dr. M. K Durgamani ◽  
Dr. Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Labour Turnover

Job satisfaction is an important factor for employees working in formal and informal sector. The job is small or big, permanent or temporary, risky or non-risky, job satisfaction is important. It is the mental feeling which drives the employees to excel. Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances. A satisfied employee is a contented and happy human being. The labour turnover depends upon job satisfaction. Even highly paid employees quit the job when they are not satisfied with the job. Road transportation in Tamilnadu is growing day by day. Job stress in the road transportation is very high due to increase in number of vehicle playing on the road and heavy traffic. The drivers and conductors working in public transport corporation are suffering from high job stress. If drivers and conductors are not satisfied with their job which leads to mental stresses and affects the productivity and also creates accidents. In this present study the researchers made an attempt to study the level of job satisfaction among the drivers and conductors who are working in the Tamilnadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC). The study reveals the expectations of drivers and conductors working in TNSTC with regards to the attributes like salary, promotion and fringe benefits etc., are satisfactory and not detrimental. 

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