scholarly journals An Evolutionary Computing Model for the Study of Within-Host Evolution

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Antonio Gómez-Mompeán ◽  
Rafael Lahoz-Beltra
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Computer Memory ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Danger Detection ◽  
Host Evolution

Evolution of an individual within another individual is known as within-host dynamics (WHD). The most common modeling technique to study WHD involves ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In the field of biology, models of this kind assume, for example, that both the number of viruses and the number of mouse cells susceptible to being infected change according to their interaction as stated in the ODE model. However, viruses can undergo mutations and, consequently, evolve inside the mouse, whereas the mouse, in turn, displays evolutionary mechanisms through its immune system (e.g., clonal selection), defending against the invading virus. In this work, as the main novelty, we propose an evolutionary WHD model simulating the coexistence of an evolving invader within a host. In addition, instead of using ODEs we developed an alternative methodology consisting of the hybridization of a genetic algorithm with an artificial immune system. Aside from the model, interest in biology, and its potential clinical use, the proposed WHD model may be useful in those cases where the invader exhibits evolutionary changes, for instance, in the design of anti-virus software, intrusion detection algorithms in a corporation’s computer systems, etc. The model successfully simulates two intruder detection paradigms (i.e., humoral detection, danger detection) in which the intruder represents an evolving invader or guest (e.g., virus, computer program,) that infects a host (e.g., mouse, computer memory). The obtained results open up the possibility of simulating environments in which two entities (guest versus host) compete evolutionarily with each other when occupying the same space (e.g., organ cells, computer memory, network).

Performance of Negative Selection Algorithms in Patient Detection and Classification

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
Orhan Bölükbaş ◽  
Harun Uğuz
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Artificial Immune Systems ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Immune

Artificial immune systems inspired by the natural immune system are used in problems such as classification, optimization, anomaly detection, and error detection. In these problems, clonal selection algorithm, artificial immune network algorithm, and negative selection algorithm are generally used. This chapter aims to solve the problem of correct identification and classification of patients using negative selection (NS) and variable detector negative selection (V-DET NS) algorithms. The authors examine the performance of NSA and V-DET NSA algorithms using three sets of medical data sets from Parkinson, carotid artery doppler, and epilepsy patients. According to the obtained results, NSA achieved 92.45%, 91.46%, and 92.21% detection accuracy and 92.46%, 93.40%, and 90.57% classification accuracy. V-DET NSA achieved 94.34%, 94.52%, and 91.51% classification accuracy and 94.23%, 94.40%, and 89.29% detection accuracy. As can be seen from these values, V-Det NSA yielded a better result. Artificial immune system emerges as an effective and promising system in terms of problem-solving performance.

Artificial Clonal Selection Model and Its Application

2010 ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Shangce Gao ◽  
Zheng Tang ◽  
Hiroki Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Clonal Selection Algorithm ◽  
Traveling Salesman Problems ◽  
Selection Principle ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Selection Principles

Artificial Immune System as a new branch in computational intelligence is the distributed computational technique inspired by immunological principles. In particular, the Clonal Selection Algorithm (CS), which tries to imitate the mechanisms in the clonal selection principle proposed by Burent to better understand its natural processes and simulate its dynamical behavior in the presence of antigens, has received a rapid increasing interest. However, the description about the mechanisms in the algorithm is rarely seen in the literature and the related operators in the algorithm are still inefficient. In addition, the comparison with other algorithms (especially the genetic algorithms) lacks of analysis. In this chapter, several new clonal selection principles and operators are introduced, aiming not only at a better understanding of the immune system, but also at solving engineering problems more efficiently. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by applying it to the famous traveling salesman problems (TSP).

Modelling and Optimization of CO2 Absorption in Pneumatic Contactors Using Artificial Neural Networks Developed with Clonal Selection-Based Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronela Cozma ◽  
Elena Niculina Drăgoi ◽  
Ioan Mămăligă ◽  
Silvia Curteanu ◽  
Walter Wukovits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Delta Rule ◽  
Local Search Procedure ◽  
Artificial Neural

AbstractOur research focuses on the application of airlift contactors (ALRs) for the decontamination of CO2-containing gas streams, such as biogas. To assess the performance of ALRs during CO2 absorption, a complex experimental programme was applied in a laboratory-scale rectangular pneumatic contactor, able to operate either as a bubble column or as an airlift reactor. Using the experimental data, a model based on artificial neural network (ANN) was developed. The algorithm for determining the optimal neural network model and for reactor optimization is clonal selection (CS), belonging to artificial immune system class, which is a new computational intelligence paradigm based on the principles of the vertebrate immune system. To improve its capabilities and the probability for highly suitable models and input combinations, addressing maximum efficiency, a Back-Propagation (BK) algorithm – a supervised learning method based on the delta rule – is used as a local search procedure. It is applied in a greedy manner for the best antibody found in each generation. Since the highest affinity antibodies are cloned in the next generation, the effect of BK on the suitability of the individuals propagates into a large proportion of the population. In parallel with the BK hybridization of the basic CS–ANN combination, a series of normalization procedures are included for improving the overall results provided by the new algorithm called nCS-MBK (normalized Clonal Selection-Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and Back-Propagation algorithm). The optimization allowed for achieving the optimal reactor configuration, which leads to a maximum amount of CO2 dissolved in water.

A Kind of Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on AIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Ming Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Objective Space ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
Intelligent Information

Problem of multi-objective optimization based on Artificial Immune System (AIS) is an important research area of current evolutionary computing. Starting from the intelligent information processing mechanism of immune theory and the immune system itself, a kind of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm based on AIS is proposed. Clonal selection, scattered crossover and hypermutation based on the learning mechanism are characteristics of the algorithm. Algorithm implements clonal selection according to the distribution of individuals in the objective space, which benefit obtaining Pareto optimal boundary distributed more widely and speed up the convergence. Compared with the existing algorithms, the algorithm has been greatly improved in convergence, diversity, and distribution of solutions.

How Do We Evaluate Artificial Immune Systems?

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Artificial Immune Systems ◽  
Artificial Immune ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Danger Theory

The field of Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) concerns the study and development of computationally interesting abstractions of the immune system. This survey tracks the development of AIS since its inception, and then attempts to make an assessment of its usefulness, defined in terms of ‘distinctiveness’ and ‘effectiveness.’ In this paper, the standard types of AIS are examined—Negative Selection, Clonal Selection and Immune Networks—as well as a new breed of AIS, based on the immunological ‘danger theory.’ The paper concludes that all types of AIS largely satisfy the criteria outlined for being useful, but only two types of AIS satisfy both criteria with any certainty.

scholarly journals Deep Learning based Semantic Similarity Detection using Text Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-510
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansoor ◽  
Zahoor ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Shaheen ◽  
Muhammad Attique Khan ◽  
Mohamed Habib
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Similarity Detection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Numeric Data

Similarity detection in the text is the main task for a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. As textual data is comparatively large in quantity and huge in volume than the numeric data, therefore measuring textual similarity is one of the important problems. Most of the similarity detection algorithms are based upon word to word matching, sentence/paragraph matching, and matching of the whole document. In this research, a novel approach is proposed using deep learning models, combining Long Short Term Memory network (LSTM) with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for measuring semantics similarity between two questions. The proposed model takes sentence pairs as input to measure the similarity between them. The model is tested on publicly available Quora’s dataset. The model in comparison to the existing techniques gave 87.50 % accuracy which is better than the previous approaches.

scholarly journals An Immuno-Genetic Hybrid Algorithm

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Nabil ◽  
Amr Badr ◽  
Ibrahim Farag
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Clonal Selection Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Immune ◽  
Binary Character ◽  
Rule System

The construction of artificial systems by drawing inspiration from natural systems is not a new idea. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are good examples of successful applications of the biological metaphor to the solution of computational problems. The study of artificial immune systems is a relatively new field that tries to exploit the mechanisms of the natural immune system (NIS) in order to develop problem- solving techniques. In this research, we have combined the artificial immune system with the genetic algorithms in one hybrid algorithm. We proposed a modification to the clonal selection algorithm, which is inspired from the clonal selection principle and affinity maturation of the human immune responses, by hybridizing it with the crossover operator, which is imported from GAs to increase the exploration of the search space. We also introduced the adaptability of the mutation rates by applying a degrading function so that the mutation rates decrease with time where the affinity of the population increases, the hybrid algorithm used for evolving a fuzzy rule system to solve the wellknown Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnosis problem (WBCD). Our evolved system exhibits two important characteristics; first, it attains high classification performance, with the possibility of attributing a confidence measure to the output diagnosis; second, the system has a simple fuzzy rule system; therefore, it is human interpretable. The hybrid algorithm overcomes both the GAs and the AIS, so that it reached the classification ratio 97.36, by only one rule, in the earlier generations than the two other algorithms. The learning and memory acquisition of our algorithm was verified through its application to a binary character recognition problem. The hybrid algorithm overcomes also GAs and AIS and reached the convergence point before them.

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