scholarly journals Effective Droplet Size Reduction and Excellent Stability of Limonene Nanoemulsion Formed by High-Pressure Homogenizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Jonathan Hidajat ◽  
Wantaek Jo ◽  
Hyeonhyo Kim ◽  
Jongho Noh
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Droplet Impacts ◽  
Emulsifier Concentration ◽  
Excellent Stability

Limonene as an interesting bioactive material that has great benefits due to its antimicrobial and anti-carcinogen properties. However, it has several limitations such as its oxidative and oily nature. In order to overcome these limitations, a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) was utilized to produce limonene nanoemulsion, which enhances its dispersibility while preventing oxidation with great stability. Limonene was pre-mixed with soybean oil as carrier oil prior to emulsification. The effect of soybean oil to limonene ratio, number of pass, homogenization pressure, emulsifier concentration and homogenization method were observed. A stability test was also conducted for 28 days at room temperature. The result revealed that soybean oil and limonene demonstrated a certain ratio to produce the most stable nanoemulsion. Meanwhile, emulsion size could be reduced from 327.8 nm to 55.5 nm in five passes at 1000 bar. Increasing the emulsifier concentration could reduce the droplet size to 40 nm. A comparison with other emulsification method showed that HPH was the best emulsification technique due to its intense emulsification power resulted from shear, cavitation, and droplet impacts. This study reveals that HPH is a great and simple way to produce stable limonene nanoemulsion for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries.

Fig. 31 Internals of colloid mill. (From Ref. 29.) colloid mills, typically equipped with rotor diameters of 10-30 cm, provide flow rates in the area of 4000-6000 L/hr, depending upon the viscosity. The key operating requirements of colloid mills are to feed the mill with a well-blended premix and to set the gap at the correct and reproducible setting. There is of-ten some difficulty with setting the gap at exactly the required distance, since the cali-bration of the gap can only be done at the manufacturer. This is less of a problem if the mill is well made and the product is not abrasive. If abrasive wear attacks the ro-tor or stator, the gap may become larger than the setting on the machine indicates. Colloid mills are generally used as "polishing" machines for emulsions or sus-pensions. That is, after the product has been totally and uniformly blended, the batch is passed through the colloid mill one or two times to further reduce the droplet or particle size. Whether or not multiple recycling passes are required depends on prod-uct requirements. Generally speaking, the colloid mill produces emulsions and suspen-sions with particle-size distributions smaller than the particle sizes obtainable using fixed gap rotor/stator mixers. They do represent an extra step in the process, and their use is suggested only when it is found that this added ability to disperse is necessary to produce a fine enough particle- or droplet-size product to enhance a product's stabil-ity. 3. Piston Homogenizers The most powerful device for producing emulsions and suspensions is the piston ho-mogenizer or high-pressure homogenizer. This device uses a high-power positive dis-placement piston-type pump to produce pressures of 3000-10,000 psig and then force

1998 ◽  
pp. 361-363
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
High Power ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Extra Step ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Multiple Recycling

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Nanoemulsions with Synergistic Efficacy on SPF by Combination of Soybean Oil, Avobenzone, and Octyl Methoxycinnamate

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 2751-2756
Author(s):  
Anayanti Arianto ◽  
Gra Cella ◽  
Hakim Bangun
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Natural Oils

BACKGROUND: Soybean oil contains vitamin E and acts as a natural sunscreen which can absorb Ultra Violet (UV) B light and has antioxidant properties to reduce the photooxidative damage that results from UV-induced Reactive Oxygen Species production. The UV blocking from most natural oils is insufficient to obtain a high UV protection. The strategies for preparations of sunscreen products with high SPF can be done by nanoemulsion formulation and Ultra Violet filter combinations of Soybean Oil, Avobenzone and Octyl methoxycinnamate. AIM: The purpose of this study was to prepare and in vitro efficacy evaluation of sunscreen nanoemulsion containing Soybean oil, Avobenzone and Octyl methoxycinnamate. METHODS: The sunscreen nanoemulsions were prepared by the high energy emulsification method. The formulation uses a combination of 3% Avobenzone, 7.5% Octyl methoxycinnamate, with different ratio of Soybean oil and Liquid Paraffin. The nanoemulsion was evaluated for droplet sizes by using particle size analyzer, physical stability in room temperature (25 ± 2°C during experiment for 12 weeks of storage, physical stability (cycling test), phase separation by centrifugation at 3750 rpm for 5 hours, pH, viscosity, and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value by UV spectrophotometric. The SPF value of sunscreen nanoemulsion was compared to sunscreen nanoemulsion without Soybean Oil and sunscreen emulsion. Particle morphology observation of nanoemulsion by using Transmission Electron Microscope. RESULTS: The sunscreen nanoemulsion formulation containing a combination of 3% Avobenzone, 7.5% Octyl methoxycinnamate with a ratio of 2.73% Soybean Oil and 0.27% Paraffin Oil resulted in the smallest average droplet size of 68.47 nm. The sunscreen nanoemulsion without Soybean Oil had an average droplet size of 384.07 nm. The globules size was increased during the experiment for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, but there was no phase separation after centrifugation. The formulation of sunscreen emulsion, phase separation was formed after centrifugation. The nanoemulsion had a pH value of 7.23 ± 0.06 and a viscosity value of 133.33 ± 7.22 cP. The sunscreen nanoemulsion containing a combination of 3% Avobenzone, 7.5% Octyl methoxycinnamate 2.73%, Soybean Oil, 2.73% and 0.27% Liquid Paraffin had SPF value (21.57 ± 1.21) higher than sunscreen nanoemulsion without Soybean Oil (16.52 ± 0.98) and sunscreen emulsion (15.10 ± 0.22). The TEM analysis of globules morphology showed that the sunscreen nanoemulsion formed a spherical globule. CONCLUSION: The sunscreen nanoemulsion containing a combination of 3% Avobenzone, 7.5% Octyl Methoxycinnamate, 2.73% Soybean Oil and 0.27% Liquid Paraffin showed synergistic sunscreen efficacy on SPF. This sunscreen nanoemulsion is more stable than sunscreen emulsion formulation during the experiment for 12 weeks at room temperature.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK NANOEMULSI MINYAK SAWIT MERAH YANG DIPERKAYA BETA KAROTEN

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHANNORA YULIASARI ◽  
DEDI FARDIAZ ◽  
NURI ANDARWULAN ◽  
SRI YULIANI
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Β Carotene

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Minyak sawit merah (Red palm oil/RPO) dan β-karoten tidak larut<br />dalam air sehingga sulit diaplikasikan ke dalam produk pangan. Salah satu<br />pendekatan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan RPO dan β-karoten adalah emulsifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nanoemulsi RPO<br />diperkaya β-karoten yang stabil. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium<br />SEAFAST CENTER IPB dari Januari–September 2013. Pada penelitian<br />tahap pertama, nanoemulsi disiapkan melalui tahap-tahap: pengayaan RPO<br />dengan β β-karoten<br />menggunakan HPH (High Pressure Homogenizer) pada tekanan 34,5 MPa<br />dengan 10 siklus. Rasio RPO dan air dalam emulsi adalah 5 : 95; 7,5 :<br />92,5; dan 10 : 90 (b/b), dan persentase Tween 80 sebagai pengemulsi<br />adalah 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10% (b/b) dari total emulsi. Pada tahap kedua,<br />nanoemulsi disiapkan dengan persentase RPO: 2, 4, dan 6% (b/b) dan<br />pengemulsi 1,5; 3,0; dan 4,5% (b/b) dari total emulsi. Hasil penelitian<br />tahap pertama menunjukkan nanoemulsi yang dibuat dengan rasio RPO :<br />air = 5 : 95 dan 7,5 : 92,5 serta pengemulsi 5% (b/b) menghasilkan emulsi<br />dengan ukuran droplet 115,1 sampai 145,2 nm dan stabil. Nanoemulsi<br />yang dihasilkan dari penelitian tahap kedua memiliki ukuran droplet 94,9<br />sampai 125,5 nm, dan kadar β-karoten antara 47,6 sampai 130,9 mg/l.<br />Ukuran droplet nanoemulsi yang kurang dari 125 nm dapat dihasilkan<br />dengan formula rasio RPO dan pengemulsi kurang dari 2,0.<br />Kata kunci: minyak sawit merah, β-karoten, nanoemulsi, homogenizer</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Red palm oil (RPO) and β-carotene are insoluble in water. It makes<br />can be used to improve RPO and β<br />This research is aimed to produce stable RPO nanoemulsion enriched with<br />β-carotene. The research was conducted in the SEAFAST CENTER<br />Laboratory, Bogor Agriculture University from January to September<br />following steps, i.e. enrichment of RPO with β<br />using a high pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 34.5 MPa in 10 cycles.<br />The ratio of RPO and water in the mixture were 5 : 95; 7.5 : 92.5; and 10 :<br />10% (w/w) of the total emulsions. In the second stage, nanoemulsions<br />were prepared on various RPO percentage of 2, 4, and 6% (w/w) and<br />had a droplet size from 115.1 to 145.2 nm and stable. Nanoemulsions were<br />resulting from the second stage had droplet size from 94.9 to 125.5 nm,<br />and β-carotene content were 47.6 to 130.9 mg/l. Droplet size of<br />nanoemulsions is less than 125 nm. It can be produced with RPO and<br />Key words: red palm oil, β-carotene, nanoemulsion, homogenizer</p>

Preparation of Platelet Membrane Microparticles with High Pressure Homogenization Method.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4022-4022
Author(s):  
Cui-ping Li ◽  
Jian OuYang ◽  
Cheng-yin Huang ◽  
Guang-yao Shi ◽  
Xiao-ping Pei
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Viral Contaminants ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Membrane Microparticles

Abstract Objective To investigate the preparation technique of infusible platelet membrane microparticles (IPMs), and evaluate hemostatic function and effect of IPMs on pathological thrombogenicity after transfused into model of rabbit thrombocytopenia. Methods Whole bloods collected in the street were used to prepare platelet concentrates(PCs),white cells were removed by white cell filter, and red cells by centrifugation at 1000rpm in for 10min. After that, platelets were washed twice with 0.9% NaCl solution by repeated resuspension and centrifugation, and adjusted concentration to 2×109/ml with 0.9% NaCl. The washed platelets were disrupted by repeated freezing (at −80°) and thawing (at 25°) three times, and were heated at 60° for twenty hours to inactivate any viral contaminants. Finally, the heat 2 treated platelets were crushed by high pressure homogenizer to form IPMs. In this study, particle analyser was applied to mean diameter and the particle size distribution of IPMs, APCT to test the procoagulation activity of IPMs in vitro. Hemostatic function and effect of IPMs onpathological thrombogenicity were observed after IPMs were transfused into thrombocytopenia rabbitmodels. Results mean diameter of IPMs was from 200 to 300 nm. The procoagulation activity of 50Lg/ml of IPMs was equal to 250×109/L of fresh platelets. Rabbit ear bleeding time and APCT significantly shortened from two hours to twelve hours after transfusion of 2mg IPMs per Kg into thrombocytopenia rabbit models, but other indexes such as PT, APTT, Fg, and TT changed less. Conclusions IPMs possess good hemostatic function and less effect on pathological thrombogenicity. It is a kind of promising biologic hemostatic reagent.

scholarly journals Development of a Pressure Stable Inline Droplet Generator with Live Droplet Size Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Felix Johannes Preiss ◽  
Teresa Dagenbach ◽  
Markus Fischer ◽  
Heike Petra Karbstein
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Droplet Generator ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Droplet Detachment

For the research on droplet deformation and breakup in scaled high-pressure homogenizing units, a pressure stable inline droplet generator was developed. It consists of an optically accessible flow channel with a combination of stainless steel and glass capillaries and a 3D printed orifice. The droplet size is determined online by live image analysis. The influence of the orifice diameter, the mass flow of the continuous phase and the mass flow of the disperse phase on the droplet diameter were investigated. Furthermore, the droplet detachment mechanisms were identified. Droplet diameters with a small diameter fluctuation between 175 µm and 500 µm could be realized, which allows a precise adjustment of the capillary (Ca) and Weber (We) Number in the subsequent scaled high pressure homogenizer disruption unit. The determined influence of geometry and process parameters on the resulting droplet size and droplet detachment mechanism agreed well with the literature on microfluidics. Furthermore, droplet trajectories in an exemplary scaled high-pressure homogenizer disruption unit are presented which show that the droplets can be reinjected on a trajectory close to the center axis or close to the wall, which should result in different stresses on the droplets.

scholarly journals Development of a Pressure Stable Inline Droplet Generator with Live Droplet Size Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Johannes Preiss ◽  
Teresa Dagenbach ◽  
Markus Fischer ◽  
Heike Petra Karbstein
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Droplet Generator ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Droplet Detachment

For our research on droplet deformation and breakup in scaled high-pressure homogenizing units we developed a pressure stable inline droplet generator. It consists of an optically accessible flow channel with a combination of stainless steel and glass capillaries and a 3D printed orifice. The droplet size is determined online by live image analysis. The influence of the orifice diameter, the mass flow of the continuous phase and the mass flow of the disperse phase on the droplet diameter was investigated. Furthermore, the droplet detachment mechanisms were identified. Droplet diameters with small diameter fluctuation between 175 µm and 500 µm could be realized, which allows a precise adjustment of the Ca and We Number in the subsequent scaled high pressure homogenizer disruption unit. The determined influence of geometry and process parameters on the resulting droplet size and droplet detachment mechanism agreed well with literature on microfluidics. Furthermore, droplet trajectories in an exemplary scaled high-pressure homogenizer disruption unit are presented which show that the droplets can be reinjected on a trajectory close to the center axis or close to the wall, which should result in different stresses on the droplets.

Pectin-Based Nano-Sized Emulsions Prepared by High-Pressure Homogenization

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Burapapadh ◽  
H. Takeuchi ◽  
Pornsak Sriamornsak
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer

Pectin-based nanoemulsions loaded with itraconazole were prepared using high-pressure homogenizer comparing to sonicator. The high-pressure homogenization provided the smaller size of emulsions when homogenizing time was increased. Using the homogenizing pressure of 100 MPa for 90 minutes could provide nanosized emulsions. Sonication method could reduce the emulsion size, however, the size was limited to approximately 2 µm. The type of pectin also influenced the emulsion size. Using high methoxyl pectin (HMP) provided the smallest emulsion, compared to low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and amidated low methoxyl pectin (ALMP). This may be due to the high portion of hydrophobic moieties of HMP which provides better emulsifying properties. From these results, the high-pressure homogenization could produce the nanosized emulsions. Pectin type significantly influenced the emulsion properties. Therefore, the use of high-pressure homogenization method with the proper emulsifiers could provide the nanosized emulsions.

High-pressure freezing and freeze substitution of teliospores of the rust fungus Gymnosporangium clavipes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
Robert W. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Dextran Solution

The use of cryo-techniques for the preparation of biological specimens in electron microscopy has led to superior preservation of ultrastructural detail. Although these techniques have obvious advantages, a critical limitation is that only 10-40 μm thick cells and tissue layers can be frozen without the formation of distorting ice crystals. However, thicker samples (600 μm) may be frozen well by rapid freezing under high-pressure (2,100 bar). To date, most work using cryo-techniques on fungi have been confined to examining small, thin-walled structures. High-pressure freezing and freeze substitution are used here to analysis pre-germination stages of specialized, sexual spores (teliospores) of the plant pathogenic fungus Gymnosporangium clavipes C & P.Dormant teliospores were incubated in drops of water at room temperature (25°C) to break dormancy and stimulate germination. Spores were collected at approximately 30 min intervals after hydration so that early cytological changes associated with spore germination could be monitored. Prior to high-pressure freezing, the samples were incubated for 5-10 min in a 20% dextran solution for added cryoprotection during freezing. Forty to 50 spores were placed in specimen cups and holders and immediately frozen at high pressure using the Balzers HPM 010 apparatus.

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