scholarly journals Building Resilience of Critical Infrastructure: A Case of Impacts of Cyclones on the Power Sector in Odisha

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Ranit Chatterjee ◽  
Rajib Shaw
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Management Training ◽  
The State ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Master Planning ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Impact

Odisha is multi-hazard-prone state in the eastern part of India. Among the various disasters, the frequency and severity of cyclones have increased at an alarming rate in the last two decades, which is attributed to climatic change. The state government of Odisha has made great strides in reducing the lives lost in the state, but an increase in economic losses and damage to critical infrastructure has become a point of worry. Considering the power sector as the most crucial of all critical infrastructures, this paper explores the impact that cyclones have had on the sector in the last two decades in Odisha. The 4R concept of robustness, redundancy, rapidity and resourcefulness is applied to the power sector, and how this is supported by governance is studied. The study points towards need for the master planning of critical infrastructure, based on the risk assessment, establishment of funding mechanisms for mitigation measures and the standardization and quality checking of power sector equipment to withstand the wind speeds of category 4 and above. There needs to be a good coordination between the power sector and the disaster management sector with proper legislative provision. Knowledge management, training and capacity building is another important issue which needs to be focused on.

Formation of the Economic Model and the Impact of Economic Factors on the Health of Russian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2557
Author(s):  
Tamara G. ROMANOVA ◽  
Valentina D. BATOMUNKUEVA ◽  
Tatiana K. GYRGENOVA ◽  
Nataliya V. MONGOLOVA ◽  
Roman Zh. TSYDYPOV
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The article is about the influence of economic factors on the health quality of the population as a public benefit. Health of the individual has an important role in national economy, both in processes of formation of public health, and in reproduction of quality of a manpower. The review of the indicators of evaluation test of health of the population applied in the Russian practice is given in article. Health of the population and economy of the state have close interrelation and interdependence: not only the economy influences health of the population, but also health of the population affects the economy of the state. The technique allowing to assess economic damages from loss of health on the basis of which economic losses from mortality of the population at working-age in Siberian Federal District are estimated is presented. The economic three-level model of health upgrading of the population allows to reveal paths of health upgrading for improvement of economy in the country is developed. The three-level model reflects preventive character with obligatory selection of the measures accompanying achievement of the main task – to upgrade the population health as the public benefit and to increase the level of economy.

scholarly journals The effect on drink sales of removal of unhealthy drinks from display in a self-service café

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3142-3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Huse ◽  
Miranda R Blake ◽  
Ruby Brooks ◽  
Kirstan Corben ◽  
Anna Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Nutrient Profiling ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study assessed the impact of the retailer-led removal of unhealthy beverages from display at a self-service café within a major health service. While unhealthy beverages remained available from behind the counter upon request, this was not communicated directly to customers.DesignDrinks were categorised based on the state government nutrient profiling system, classifying drinks as ‘green’ (best choices), ‘amber’ (choose carefully) and ‘red’ (limit). Total drink sales (as number of items sold per week) in the café were measured for five weeks. All unhealthy ‘red’ beverages were removed from display (but were still available for purchase) and the sales of all beverages were measured for another six weeks.ResultsWe found that, in response to this strategy, the proportion of ‘red’ drinks sold decreased from 33 % to 10 % of total drink sales. As ‘amber’ and ‘green’ drink sales increased in response to this strategy, total retailer sales remained steady. Most consumers appeared to switch to purchasing ‘amber’ drinks rather than the healthiest option, ‘green’ drinks.ConclusionsThe removal of unhealthy beverages from display can result in consumers making healthier purchases, while not significantly affecting retailers’ sales.

scholarly journals Flood Impacts in Oshana Region, Namibia: A Case Study of Cuvelai River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Anna –Marie Niipare ◽  
Andries Jordaan ◽  
Nguza Siyambango
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
The Impact

Floods are among the global natural disasters that are known to have major negative societal effects. The extent of floods can determine the degree of impact to be made. Floods can cause extensive economic losses, consequently affecting livelihoods, businesses, infrastructures and basic services. This study investigated the impact of floods in communities within the Oshana Region in the northern areas of Namibia. Primary and secondary data were collected in efforts to understand the impact of floods, and the causes of vulnerability to such events. Loss of field crops, destruction of houses, destruction of roads and other infrastructure, and loss of human lives were the major flood impacts that have been identified. The study findings revealed that vulnerability to floods is mainly due to lack of resources, poverty, poor infrastructure, limited budget, inactive disaster risk management structures in the region, rapid population change, non-existing Early Warning System (EWS), lack of awareness of the flood impacts, low income, and the fact that many houses are headed by females. In the absence of coping strategies, communities mainly depend on external relief, particularly for temporary shelter and provision of basic needs. It was concluded that the ability of communities and individuals to cope with flood impacts is related to their culture, history, knowledge system, power dynamics and governance. A further conclusion was that, the vulnerability of communities in the Oshana Region resulted in reduced household resilience to flood disasters. The study recommended a further investigation into other flood prone regions in Namibia. Other notable recommendations included: • the availing of information on climate variability and best coping strategies in flood prone communities, • flood hazards awareness, • developing and implementing mitigation measures for flood disasters, • development of a policy on the construction of houses in efforts to avoid flood risks, • and the development of information communication channels for EWS.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF KADUNA STATE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION ON HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
Yunana Titus Wuyah ◽  
Muhammad Dahiru Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
State Government ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The State ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This study empirically examine the impact of government expenditure on education on human capital development in Kaduna State over the last 15 years (2000-2015) using econometrics model with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique.The paper test for presence of stationary between the variables using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and autocorrelationusing Durbin Watson statistics. The results reveals all the variables were not stationary in levels except capital expenditure (CE) and Primary schools enrolment (PE) while the rest were stationary at second difference. DW shows presence of serial correlation. The regression results indicated that government expenditure on education have significant impact on human capital development in Kaduna State. It could therefore be recommended that the state government should increase its capital and recurrent expenditure on education, ensure proper management and monitory of funds made for the teachers, constant payment of teachers salaries and allowances in a manner that it will raise the state production capacity. The state should construct addition primary and secondary schools across the state, with modern facilities, and employ more teachers.

Vulnerability assessment of offshore terminals in the Sultanate of Oman: The case of a security audit for SPM Terminal of Mina al Fahal

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Mokhtari ◽  
Mehrdad Behforouzi ◽  
Kais Ali Hassan ◽  
SDS Dadwal ◽  
Arife Tugsan Colak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Port Security ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, the pressure for enhanced attention to critical infrastructure security and the focused concern on threats emanating from both domestic and foreign terrorist groups have fostered new challenges for Petrochemical Seaports and Offshore Terminals (PSOTs). These tendencies dictate to maintain comprehensive security regimens that can be integrated with national and international strategies to support the country’s security against terrorism. Therefore, the need for a Security Risk Management (SRM) programme will be an essential part of the business of running a seaport particularly if the addressed port or terminal is handling hazardous chemicals produced from a nearby plant or refinery for export purposes. As a result, by the use of a case study in this paper, the identified security risk factors for an offshore Single Point Mooring (SPM) terminal located inshore side of the seaport of Mina al Fahal in Sultanate of Oman will be assessed by introducing its designated Security Risk Factor Table (SRFT) in order to examine the vulnerability of the addressed terminal. Consequently, the proposed framework can be used by intelligence analysts or port security and risk managers for the protection of these critical infrastructures. Suitable mitigation measures and further treatments for lessening the impact of a successful terrorist attack or potential likelihood of other threats in PSOTs facilities will be studied carefully.

Flock Level Economic Loss Due to Peste Des Petits Ruminants Outbreak in Transhumance Sheep and Goat Population in Himachal Pradesh (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Vashist ◽  
A.K. Yadav ◽  
K.K. Rajak ◽  
S. Chandra Sekar ◽  
M.A. Ramakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

Background: Quantification of economic losses due animal diseases like peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) helps in visualizing the impact of the disease in relational context as well as assist in prioritizing the disease control/eradication options. This study aimed to estimate the farm-level economic losses due to the disease in the state of Himachal Pradesh and carry out a cost-benefit analysis of control programme through vaccination.Methods: An investigation was carried out on an outbreak of PPR in transhumance small ruminant population in Himachal Pradesh (HP). The incidence rates of PPR as obtained in the study were projected to the small ruminant population in the state.Result: The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 36.85% and 27.69% and 25.32% and 1.44%, in goats and sheep, respectively. The estimated annual economic loss due to PPR in HP was INR 2495 million (under high incidence scenario). Under moderate and low incidence rate assumptions, the total losses were estimated at INR 1871 million and INR 1265 million, respectively. Benefit-cost analysis of vaccination against the disease in the state was carried out and the Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCR), ranging between 43:1 to 198:1 revealed the economic feasibility of investment made in PPR control.

scholarly journals Dust storms – what do they really cost?

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tozer ◽  
J. Leys
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
The Impact

Dust storms are frequent in Australia and can have a large impact on the soil resource, the economy and people. There have been few economic studies of the impact of wind erosion worldwide and only one in Australia before this study. While wind erosion impacts on the soil resource at the point of the erosion, the level of economic impact rises as the population and associated infrastructure affected by dust increases. This study estimates the impact on the economy of the state of New South Wales of a single large dust storm called Red Dawn that passed over the eastern coast of Australia on 23 September 2009. Estimates for rural and urban areas are presented with both on- and off-site costs evaluated. The estimated cost is A$299 million (with a range of A$293–A$313 million) with most of the cost being associated with household cleaning and associated activities. The dust storm also impacted on many cities on the coast of the state of Queensland, but their costs are not included in this study. This study demonstrates some, but not all, of the major economic costs associated with wind erosion in Australia. Given the annual average cost of dust storms it is suggested that A$9 million per year would be a conservative estimate of the level of investment required in rural areas for dust mitigation strategies, based on improved land management that could be justified to achieve a positive impact on soil condition and reduce economic losses in rural towns and the more populous coastal cities.

scholarly journals Power Sector Reforms and Performance Assessment of Power Sector Utilities of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Nagendra Kumar Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
State Power ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Power Utilities ◽  
The Impact

A series of power sector reforms were undertaken by the state government aimed at introducing a set of regulatory reforms and at unbundling of what was originally an integrated State Electricity Board. The reforms aimed at segregating production, distribution and regulation functions. Ratification of the Electricity Act 2003 led to a further deepening of the reform process by dismantling monopoly in the power sector. The paper provides an overview of the impact of power sector reforms on the operational and financial performance of the power sector utilities of Uttar Pradesh. Utilising the data obtained from the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. and the Bureau of Public Enterprises, Uttar Pradesh, the paper highlights the status of transmission and distribution losses, aggregate technical and commercial losses, plant load factor, operating and financial performance of the state power utilities of Uttar Pradesh between 2002–2003 and 2015–2016 (the latest point of time for which data is available). In addition to other financial indicators, liquidity, asset management, leverage and profitability ratios have been calculated to analyse the financial performance. The paper concludes that the state power-utilities are yet to cover a long distance to become financially and commercially viable. However, the positive impact of the reform measures has been abundantly visible since the financial year 2012–2013.

Governance, Public Service Delivery and Trust in Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-202
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Vibha Attri
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ruling Party

Several studies in the past show that the work done by the incumbent government helps the ruling party to get re-elected. However, most of these studies focus on re-election and do not look at the impact assessment of governance on trust in government, which is a precursor of re-election. To fill this gap, this article explores whether perceptions of good governance lead to trust in government. The results support the view that governance at the state level leads to a higher trust with the state government. Of all the variables used to measure governance as access, benefitting from welfare schemes had the maximum impact on trust. Other governance measures like availing public services and citizens’ interaction with the state too had a positive relationship with trust in the state government. Furthermore, having the same government at the centre and the state, strengthened one’s trust in the state government.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA ASSET RECOVERY DALAM PENGEMBALIAN KERUGIAN NEGARA AKIBAT TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Ade Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Service Delay ◽  
Asset Recovery ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAK Majelis hakim dalam Putusan Nomor 62/Pid.Sus/Tipikor/2013/PN.PBR telah menjatuhkan pidana penjara dan denda bagi terpidana korupsi. Putusan ini dilihat dari sisi kerugian ekonomi menyisakan problem tersendiri karena tidak memulihkan kerugian materiil yang dialami Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu dan berdampak pada keterlambatan pelayanan bagi masyarakat. Realitas ini tidak sejalan dengan teori pengembalian aset (asset recovery) yang setia pada prinsip "berikan kepada negara apa yang menjadi haknya." Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah Putusan Nomor 62/Pid.Sus/Tipikor/2013/PN.PBR sudah mampu mengembalikan kerugian keuangan negara dan bagaimana problematika asset recovery akibat tindak pidana korupsi. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Putusan Nomor 62/Pid.Sus/Tipikor/2013/PN.PBR belum mengembalikan kerugian negara karena tidak memberikan pemulihan (restorasi) terhadap kerugian materiil yang diderita Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu yang ditimbulkan akibat pertentangan antara pertimbangan hukum dengan putusan akhirnya. Problematika pemulihan aset (asset recovery) dihadapkan pada realitas ketidakmampuan terpidana korupsi untuk membayar pidana uang pengganti karena secara normatif dimungkinkan dalam Pasal 18 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Padahal kenyataaannya masih ada aset tersembunyi milik terpidana yang belum dilakukan penyitaan oleh penegak hukum. Akibatnya asset recovery tidak bisa dicapai karena terpidana memilih menjalani pidana subsider dan negara tetap merugi.Kata kunci: korupsi, pemulihan aset, kerugian negara. ABSTRACTIn Court Decision Number 62/Pid.Sus/Tipikor/2013/PN.PBR, the panel of judges had dropped imprisonment and fines for the offenders in cases of corruption. In terms of economic losses, this decision leaves its own problem because it does not recover material losses suffered by Indragiri Hulu Regency and the impact on service delay for the community. This reality is not in line with the theory of asset recovery adhering to the principle of "give to state what she deserves." The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the Court Decision Number 62/Pid.Sus/Tipikor/2013/PN.PBR has been able to restore state financial loss, and how the problem of asset recovery is caused by criminal acts of corruption. The research method used is a normative legal research. The results of the study show that Court Decision Number 62/Pid.Sus/Tipikor/2013/PN.PBR has not yet restored the state loss as for not providing recovery of assets losses suffered by Indragiri Hulu Regency due to conflicts between legal considerations and the final decision. The fact is there are still hidden assets belonging to the convict, that have not been confiscated by law enforcement. As a result, asset recovery cannot be achieved because the convicts choose to undergo subsidies, and the state still loses.Keywords: corruption, assets recovery, state loss.

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