scholarly journals Green Infrastructure Financing as an Imperative to Achieve Green Goals

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae Zimmerman ◽  
Ryan Brenner ◽  
Jimena Llopis Abella
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Project Characteristics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
American Society

Green infrastructure (GI) has increasingly gained popularity for achieving adaptation and mitigation goals associated with climate change and extreme weather events. To continue implementing GI, financial tools are needed for upfront project capital or development costs and later for maintenance. This study’s purpose is to evaluate financing tools used in a selected GI dataset and to assess how those tools are linked to various GI technologies and other GI project characteristics like cost and size. The dataset includes over 400 GI U.S. projects, comprising a convenience sample, from the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). GI project characteristics were organized to answer a number of research questions using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the number of projects and overall cost shares were mostly located in a few states. Grants were the most common financial tool with about two-thirds of the projects reporting information on financial tools receiving grant funding. Most projects reported financing from only one tool with a maximum of three tools. Projects primarily included multiple GI technologies averaging three and a maximum of nine. The most common GI technologies were bioswales, retention, rain gardens, and porous pavements. These findings are useful for decision-makers evaluating funding support for GI.

scholarly journals The Multifunctional Benefits of Green Infrastructure in Community Development: An Analytical Review Based on 447 Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Seul-Ki Song
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Applied Design ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Relationship

This article describes the relationship between the design features of green infrastructure and the benefits of multifunctionality. To do so, it examines the descriptive linkages between 12 design features and nine benefits using 447 project case studies from the American Society of Landscape Architects. Multiple benefits of green infrastructure were found in 65% of the projects, regardless of the number of applied design features. The major green infrastructure design features with multiple benefits were: bioretention areas, permeable pavements, grassed swales, rainwater harvesting, rain gardens, and curb cuts. The major benefits of applied design features were: enhanced economic capacity, educational opportunities, improvements to the built environment, and enhanced environmental soundness. The findings show that the multiple benefits of green infrastructure’s multifunctionality can be inferred in many current cases. Knowing the relationship between design features and their benefits for green infrastructure would facilitate selecting optimal design features to achieve specific goals and planning outcomes. For communities that require a range of complex benefits, a multifunctionality-based green infrastructure will advance highly acceptable climate change adaptation measures.

Predicting Typhoon Morakot’s Catastrophic Rainfall with a Convection-Permitting Mesoscale Ensemble System

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1816-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqing Zhang ◽  
Yonghui Weng ◽  
Ying-Hwa Kuo ◽  
Jeffery S. Whitaker ◽  
Baoguo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Typhoon Morakot ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Flooding Event

Abstract This study examines the prediction and predictability of the recent catastrophic rainfall and flooding event over Taiwan induced by Typhoon Morakot (2009) with a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model. A high-resolution convection-permitting mesoscale ensemble, initialized with analysis and flow-dependent perturbations obtained from a real-time global ensemble data assimilation system, is found to be able to predict this record-breaking rainfall event, producing probability forecasts potentially valuable to the emergency management decision makers and the general public. Since all the advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques used here are readily available for real-time operational implementation provided sufficient computing resources are made available, this study demonstrates the potential and need of using ensemble-based analysis and forecasting, along with enhanced computing, in predicting extreme weather events like Typhoon Morakot at operational centers.

scholarly journals Advancing Seaport Resilience to Natural Hazards Due to Climate Change: Strategies to Overcome Decision Making Barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Mclean ◽  
Austin Becker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research And Education

Climate change and extreme weather events put in peril the critical coastal infrastructure that is vital to economies, livelihoods, and sustainability. However, for a variety of reasons, decision makers often do not implement potential adaptation strategies to plan and adjust to climate and extreme weather events. To respond to the question of how seaport decision makers perceive strategies to overcome the barriers to adaptation we used semi-structured interviews of 30 seaport directors/managers, environmental specialists, and safety managers from 15 medium- and high-use ports of the U.S. North Atlantic. This paper contributes four broad strategies identified by seaport decision makers as necessary to help them advance on this challenge: funding, better planning or guidance, research and education, and advocacy/lobbying. We coded these strategies parallel to our partner paper that identified seven key barriers faced by the same set of decision makers. Results can help direct resources in ways targeted to the needs of seaport decision makers. The proposed framework contributes to theories of resilience building and barriers to decision making. Being strategic about change facilitates effective adaptation, decreasing risk, and enables continuity of safe, and sustainable, operations of U.S. seaports in the face of climate and extreme weather events.

scholarly journals Lakes sensitivity to climatic stress – a sociological assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Marta Lackowska ◽  
Barbara Nowicka ◽  
Marta Bałandin ◽  
Mirosław Grochowski
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers

AbstractOne of the conditions for effective water resources management in protected areas is local decision makers’ knowledge about potential threats caused by climate changes. Our study, conducted in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Tuchola Forest in Poland, analyses the perception of threats by local stakeholders. Their assessments of the sensitivity of four lakes to the extreme weather events are compared with hydrological studies. The survey shows that the lakes’ varying responses to extreme weather conditions is rarely noticed by ordinary observers. Their perception is usually far from the hydrological facts, which indicates a lack of relevant information or a failure in making it widely accessible and understandable. Moreover, it is rather the human impact, not climate change, which is seen as the biggest threat to the lakes. Insufficient environmental knowledge may hinder the effective protection and management of natural resources, due to bad decisions and lack of the local communities’ support for adaptation and mitigation policies.

Transitioning to a Prosperous, Resilient and Carbon-Free Economy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Weather Events

This book is a comprehensive manual for decision-makers and policy leaders addressing the issues around human caused climate change, which threatens communities with increasing extreme weather events, sea level rise, and declining habitability of some regions due to desertification or inundation. The book looks at both mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming and adaption to changing conditions as the climate changes. It encourages the early adoption of climate change measures, showing that rapid decarbonisation and improved resilience can be achieved while maintaining prosperity. The book takes a sector-by-sector approach, starting with energy and includes cities, industry, natural resources, and agriculture, enabling practitioners to focus on actions relevant to their field. It uses case studies across a range of countries, and various industries, to illustrate the opportunities available. Blending technological insights with economics and policy, the book presents the tools decision-makers need to achieve rapid decarbonisation, whilst unlocking and maintaining productivity, profit, and growth.

scholarly journals The Effects of Climate Change Information on Charitable Giving for Water Quality Protection: A Field Experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean F. Ellis ◽  
Jacob R. Fooks ◽  
Kent D. Messer ◽  
Matthew J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adult Participants

This study uses a field experiment involving 251 adult participants to determine which messages related to climate change, extreme weather events, and decaying infrastructure are most effective in encouraging people to pay more for investments that could alleviate future water-quality risks. The experiment also assesses whether people prefer the investments to be directed toward gray or green infrastructure projects. Messages about global warming induced climate change and decaying infrastructure lead to larger contributions than messages about extreme weather events. The results suggest that people are likely to pay more for green infrastructure projects than for gray infrastructure projects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fuzzy AHP and AHP in Multicriteria Inventory Classification While Planning Green Infrastructure for Resilient Stream Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9035
Author(s):  
Yujin Park ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Junga Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Stream Ecosystems ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Hierarchy Process

As climate change-induced weather variability increases, various green infrastructure plans, such as stream ecosystems, have been studied to overcome ecological and environmental problems arising from extreme weather events; however, our understanding of them and their resilience to extreme weather events is considerably limited. This study proposes a multicriteria inventory classification while planning green infrastructure for resilient stream ecosystems under extreme weather events. Literature reviews, expert surveys, and reliability/validity analyses were used to enlist indicators for this classification. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) were used to compute the weights and ranks of indicators for identifying critical indices while planning green infrastructure. The AHP and fuzzy AHP analysis suggested that meteorological phenomena and disasters, hydraulic characteristic of streams, land use/geographic characteristics, and experience/damage restoration were important factors. High weights were attributed to aquatic ecology, potentially vulnerable areas, population, topography, and heat waves. The weights and ranks attributed by AHP and fuzzy AHP varied slightly, but the indicator groups with high and low weights were the same; hence, primary indicators to be considered while planning green infrastructure for resilient stream ecosystems could be suggested. These results could be used as a preliminary analysis in establishing countermeasures against climate change or in distributing budgets for green infrastructure plans.

Modelling the Bioclimatic Niche of a Cohort of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated with the Infestation of Stored Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-416
Author(s):  
V. M. Tytar ◽  
Ya. R. Oksentyuk
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Species Distribution Modeling ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Contemporary Climate ◽  
Future Management

Abstract In this study an attempt is made to highlight important variables shaping the current bioclimatic niche of a number of mite species associated with the infestation of stored products by employing a species distribution modeling (SDM) approach. Using the ENVIREM dataset of bioclimatic variables, performance of the most robust models was mostly influenced by: 1) indices based on potential evapotranspiration, which characterize ambient energy and are mostly correlated with temperature variables, moisture regimes, and 2) strong fluctuations in temperature reflecting the severity of climate and/or extreme weather events. Although the considered mite species occupy man-made ecosystems, they remain more or less affected by the surrounding bioclimatic environment and therefore could be subjected to contemporary climate change. In this respect investigations are needed to see how this will affect future management targets concerning the safety of food storages.

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