scholarly journals Immature Persimmon Suppresses Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction via Tau Pathology in ICR Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-422
Author(s):  
Seul-Ki Yoo ◽  
Jong-Min Kim ◽  
Uk Lee ◽  
Jin-Yong Kang ◽  
Seon-Kyeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Mobility Separation ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Ion Mobility Separation

This study confirmed the ameliorating effect of immature persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ethanolic extract (IPEE) on neuronal cytotoxicity in amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42-induced ICR mice. The administration of IPEE ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in Aβ1–42-induced mice by improving the spatial working memory, the short-term and long-term memory functions. IPEE protected the cerebral cholinergic system, such as the acetylcholine (ACh) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and antioxidant system, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction against Aβ1–42-induced toxicity was reduced by regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP contents. In addition, IPEE regulated the expression levels of tau signaling, such as TNF-α, p-JNK, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, p-tau, p-NF-κB, BAX and caspase 3. Finally, gallic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin 3-O-(6″-acetyl-glucoside) were identified as the physiological compounds of IPEE using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ion mobility separation quadrupole time-of-flight/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC IMS Q-TOF/MS2).

scholarly journals Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility Separation-Quadruple Time-of-Flight MS (UHPLC-IMS-QTOF MS) Metabolomics for Short-Term Biomarker Discovery of Orange Intake: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Leticia Lacalle-Bergeron ◽  
Tania Portolés ◽  
Francisco J. López ◽  
Juan Vicente Sancho ◽  
Carolina Ortega-Azorín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Mobility ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Collision Cross Section ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Mobility Separation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ion Mobility Separation

A major problem with dietary assessments is their subjective nature. Untargeted metabolomics and new technologies can shed light on this issue and provide a more complete picture of dietary intake by measuring the profile of metabolites in biological samples. Oranges are one of the most consumed fruits in the world, and therefore one of the most studied for their properties. The aim of this work was the application of untargeted metabolomics approach with the novel combination of ion mobility separation coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (IMS-HRMS) and study the advantages that this technique can bring to the area of dietary biomarker discovery, with the specific case of biomarkers associated with orange consumption (Citrus reticulata) in plasma samples taken during an acute intervention study (consisting of a randomized, controlled crossover trial in healthy individuals). A total of six markers of acute orange consumption, including betonicines and conjugated flavonoids, were identified with the experimental data and previous literature, demonstrating the advantages of ion mobility in the identification of dietary biomarkers and the benefits that an additional structural descriptor, as the collision cross section value (CCS), can provide in this area.

scholarly journals Inhibition of PDE4 by Roflumilast ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Bhat ◽  
Muhammed Bishir ◽  
SR. Pandi-Perumal ◽  
Sulie Chang ◽  
Saravana Babu Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Synapsin I ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Novel Object Recognition Task

Sleep deprivation interferes with long-term memory and cognitive functions by over-activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. PDE4 is a non-redundant regulator of the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP), is densely expressed in the hippocampus, and is involved in learning and memory processes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Roflumilast (ROF), a PDE4 inhibitor, on sleep deprivation induced cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model. Memory assessment was performed using a novel object recognition task and the cAMP level was estimated by ELISA. The alterations in the expressions of PDE4B, amyloid beta, CREB, BDNF, and synaptic proteins (Synapsin I, SAP 97, PSD 95) were assessed to gain insights on the possible mechanisms of action of ROF using the western blot technique. Results show that ROF reverse SD induced cognitive decline in mice. ROF down-regulated PDE4B and amyloid beta expressions. Additionally, ROF improved cAMP levels and the expressions of synapsin I, SAP 97, and PSD 95 in the hippocampal region of SD mice. Taken together, these results suggest that ROF can suppress the deleterious effects of SD-induced cognitive dysfunction via PDE4-mediated cAMP/CREB/BDNF cascade.

Anti-amyloidogenic properties of an ethyl acetate fraction from Actinidia arguta in Aβ1–42-induced ICR mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3264-3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Su Ha ◽  
Jong Min Kim ◽  
Seon Kyeong Park ◽  
Jin Yong Kang ◽  
Du Sang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Amnesic Effect ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Icr Mice

The anti-amnesic effect of an ethyl acetate fraction from Actinidia arguta (EFAA) on amyloid beta induced cognitive dysfunction.

Spatial Metabolomics of the Human Kidney Using MALDI Trapped Ion Mobility Imaging Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Neumann ◽  
Lukasz Migas ◽  
Jamie L. Allen ◽  
Richard Caprioli ◽  
Raf Van de Plas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Imaging Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Mobility Separation ◽  
Trapped Ion ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Ion Mobility Separation

<div> <div> <p>Small metabolites are essential for normal and diseased biological function but are difficult to study because of their inherent structural complexity. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of small metabolites is particularly challenging as MALDI matrix clusters are often isobaric with metabolite ions, requiring high resolving power instrumentation or derivatization to circumvent this issue. An alternative to this is to perform ion mobility separation before ion detection, enabling the visualization of metabolites without the interference of matrix ions. Here, we use MALDI timsTOF IMS to image small metabolites at high spatial resolution within the human kidney. Through this, we have found metabolites, such as arginic acid, acetylcarnitine, and choline that localize to the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis, respectively. We have also demonstrated that trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) can resolve matrix peaks from metabolite signal and separate both isobaric and isomeric metabolites with different localizations within the kidney. The added ion mobility data dimension dramatically increased the peak capacity for molecular imaging experiments. Future work will involve further exploring the small metabolite profiles of human kidneys as a function of age, gender, and ethnicity.</p></div></div>

scholarly journals The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory: examining the contents of consciousness

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1819-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
S. M. Courtney ◽  
L. Petit ◽  
J. V. Haxby ◽  
L. G. Ungerleider
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
The Right

Working memory enables us to hold in our ‘mind's eye’ the contents of our conscious awareness, even in the absence of sensory input, by maintaining an active representation of information for a brief period of time. In this review we consider the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex and its role in this cognitive process. First, we present evidence from brain–imaging studies that prefrontal cortex shows sustained activity during the delay period of visual working memory tasks, indicating that this cortex maintains on–line representations of stimuli after they are removed from view. We then present evidence for domain specificity within frontal cortex based on the type of information, with object working memory mediated by more ventral frontal regions and spatial working memory mediated by more dorsal frontal regions. We also propose that a second dimension for domain specificity within prefrontal cortex might exist for object working memory on the basis of the type of representation, with analytic representations maintained preferentially in the left hemisphere and image–based representations maintained preferentially in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that there are prefrontal areas brought into play during the monitoring and manipulation of information in working memory in addition to those engaged during the maintenance of this information. Finally, we consider the relationship of prefrontal areas important for working memory, both to posterior visual processing areas and to prefrontal areas associated with long–term memory.

scholarly journals Ion Mobility Separation of Isomeric Phosphopeptides from a Protein with Variant Modification of Adjacent Residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (13) ◽  
pp. 5078-5085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. Shvartsburg ◽  
David Singer ◽  
Richard D. Smith ◽  
Ralf Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Mobility Separation ◽  
Ion Mobility Separation

scholarly journals Leismanicidal Activity of Propolis Collected in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giani Maria Cavalcante ◽  
Celso Amorim Camara ◽  
Eva Monica Sarmento Da Silva ◽  
Mariana Silva Santos ◽  
Anderson Brandão Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Exact Mass ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Etoh Extract

Objective: The aim of the current study is to investigate the chemical composition, cytotoxic effect, and leishmanicidal activity of propolis collected in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil.Methods: EtOH extract, hexane, EtOAc and MeOH fractions from propolis were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The identification was based on the exact mass, general fragmentation behaviors and UV absorption of the flavonoids. The in vitro cytotoxic effect and leishmanicidal activity of ethanolic extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic fractions of propolis were evaluated.Results: Five triterpenes and twenty-four flavonoids were identified. The propolis did not present toxicity to the host cell up to the maximum concentration tested. In addition, all tested samples showed statistically significant activity against promastigotes of Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis. Regarding the activity against amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, the hexane fraction, presented statistically significant activity with IC50 of 1.3 ± 0.1 μg/ml.Conclusion: The results support the idea that propolis can be used for future antileishmania studies.

scholarly journals Chemical Fingerprint Analysis of Phenolics of Albizia chinensis Based on Ultra-Performance LC-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Antioxidant Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abha Chaudhary ◽  
Pushpinder Kaur ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Bikram Singh ◽  
Shiv Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
C Nmr

Albizia species have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. However, efficient analytical methods for identification of their active constituents are still lacking. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used to study the phenolic composition of the ethanolic extracts of different parts (flowers, leaves, pods and bark) of A. chinensis. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging methods. Four compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the flowers and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as quercetin-3- O-rhamnoside, quercetin, quercetin-3- O-arabinofuranoside, and myricetin-3- O-rhamnoside. Separation and quantification of the phenolics was accomplished using a reversed-phase BEH C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol–water (0.05% formic acid), and detection wavelengths of 360 and 254 nm.

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