scholarly journals Microbial Screening Reveals Oral Site-Specific Locations of the Periodontal Pathogen Selenomonas noxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Jaydene McDaniel ◽  
Steven McDaniel ◽  
Beanca Jhanine Samiano ◽  
Matthew Marrujo ◽  
Karl Kingsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Oral Site ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Selenomonas Noxia ◽  
Positive Results

Introduction: Selenomonas noxia (SN) is an important periodontal pathogen, associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Many studies have found associations between SN and indicators of poor health outcomes, such as smoking, low socioeconomic status and obesity. However, less is known about the prevalence of this organism and more specifically about other oral site-specific locations that may harbor this organism. Methods: Using an existing patient repository (n = 47) of DNA isolated from saliva and other oral sites (n = 235), including the dorsum of the tongue, lower lingual incisor, upper buccal molar and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), molecular screening for SN was performed. Screening results were analyzed for associations between demographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and clinical information (body mass index or BMI, presence of orthodontic brackets, primary/mixed/permanent dentition). Results: qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 62/235 sites or 26.3% harboring SN with saliva and GCF (either alone or in combination with one or more sites) most often observed (Saliva, n = 23/27 or 85.18%, GCF, n = 14/27 or 51%). Analysis of site-specific data revealed most positive results were found among saliva and GCF alone or in combination, with fewer positive results observed among the tongue (33.3%), lower lingual incisor (29.6%), and upper buccal molar (25.9%). No significant associations were found between demographic or clinical variables and presence of SN at any site. Conclusions: These results may be among the first to describe site-specific locations of S. noxia among various additional oral biofilm sites. These data may represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the sites and locations that harbor this organism, which may be important for our understanding of the prevalence and distribution of these organisms among patients of different ages undergoing different types of oral treatments, such as orthodontic treatment or therapy.

scholarly journals Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Steven McDaniel ◽  
Jaydene McDaniel ◽  
Katherine M. Howard ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Oral Site

Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.

A new ultrasensitive chemiluminescent assay for the site-specific quantification of alkaline phosphatase in gingival crevicular fluid

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. C. Chapple ◽  
J. B. Matthews ◽  
G. H. G. Thorpe ◽  
H. D. Glenwright ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Matrix metalloproteinases and myeloperoxidase in gingival crevicular fluid provide site-specific diagnostic value for chronic periodontitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi M. Leppilahti ◽  
Patricia A. Hernández-Ríos ◽  
Jorge A. Gamonal ◽  
Taina Tervahartiala ◽  
Romina Brignardello-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariaimmacolata Preianò ◽  
Rocco Savino ◽  
Chiara Villella ◽  
Corrado Pelaia ◽  
Rosa Terracciano
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Given its intrinsic nature, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an attractive source for the discovery of novel biomarkers of periodontal diseases. GCF contains antimicrobial peptides and small proteins which could play a role in specific immune-inflammatory responses to guarantee healthy gingival status and to prevent periodontal diseases. Presently, several proteomics studies have been performed leading to increased coverage of the GCF proteome, however fewer efforts have been done to explore its natural peptides. To fill such gap, this review provides an overview of the mass spectrometric platforms and experimental designs aimed at GCF peptidome profiling, including our own data and experiences gathered from over several years of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based approach in this field. These tools might be useful for capturing snapshots containing diagnostic clinical information on an individual and population scale, which may be used as a specific code not only for the diagnosis of the nature or the stage of the inflammatory process in periodontal disease, but more importantly, for its prognosis, which is still an unmet medical need. As a matter of fact, current peptidomics investigations suffer from a lack of standardized procedures, posing a serious problem for data interpretation. Descriptions of the efforts to address such concerns will be highlighted.

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