scholarly journals Interaction between Autonomic Regulation, Adiposity Indexes and Metabolic Profile in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Carlo Palombo ◽  
Mara Malacarne ◽  
Massimo Pagani ◽  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Young Subjects

Early obesity predicts initial modifications in cardiac and vascular autonomic regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the possible interaction between non-invasive measures of autonomic cardiovascular control and peripheral endothelium regulation in children with overweight and obesity. We involved 114 young subjects (77M/37F, 12.7 ± 2.2 years) with normal weight (NW, n = 46,) to overweight or obesity (OB, n = 68). Multivariate statistical techniques utilizing a collection of modern indices of autonomic regulation, adiposity indexes and metabolic profile were employed. Resting values show substantial equivalence of data. Conversely, blood pressure variance is greater in NW/OB groups. The correlation matrix between major autonomic and metabolic/hemodynamic variables shows a clustered significant correlation between homogeneous indices. A significant correlation between metabolic indices and endothelial and autonomic control, mostly in its vascular end, was recorded. Particularly, the alpha index is significantly correlated with triglycerides (r = −0.261) and endothelial indices (RHI, r = 0.276). Children with obesity show a link between indices of autonomic and endothelial function, fat distribution and metabolic profile. The optimization of autonomic control, for instance by exercise/nutrition interventions, could potentially prevent/delay the occurrence of structural vascular damage leading to reduced cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Excess Weight among Portuguese Children and Why Abdominal Obesity Should Be Included in Clinical Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rodrigues ◽  
Cristina Padez ◽  
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Introduction: Central adiposity in children has increased to a higher degree than general adiposity however it is not a routine measurement in clinical practice. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal fat distribution and observe the prevalence of abdominal obesity among non-obese 6-10-year-old children.Material and Methods: Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured in a sample of 793 children (408 girls). International Obesity Task Force cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.50. Chi-square tests were used to observe the prevalence of the obesity indicators among boys and girls, and the relation between International Obesity Task Force cut-offs and abdominal obesity.Results: The prevalence of overweight, including obesity among children was 21.9% (18.9 – 25.0), 6.1% (4.2 – 8.0) were obese and 21.9% (18.6 – 25.0) had a waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.50. Girls had significantly higher prevalence of overweight, including obesity compared to boys (χ2 = 4.59, p = 0.03), but no differences were found for abdominal obesity according to children’s gender (χ2 = 3.32, p = 0.07). A proportion of normal (8.2%; 5.9 – 10.6) and overweight children (59.5%; 50.9 – 69.0) were abdominally obese.Discussion: The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in children living in central Portugal is of concern. Many children with abdominal obesity would not be considered obese with the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points.Conclusion: A high proportion of abdominal obesity was observed in children with normal weight or overweight, suggesting that waist-to-height ratio should be included in routine clinical practice and might be particularly useful to assess the health status of the child.

Are the children and adolescents with congenital heart disease living in Southwestern Ontario really overweight and obese?

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Welisch ◽  
Ralf Rauch ◽  
Jamie A. Seabrook ◽  
MA Guido Filler ◽  
Kambiz Norozi
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with congenital heart disease and compare them with age-matched healthy children in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe compared the Center of Disease Control weight and body mass index z-scores of 1080 children, aged 2 to 18 years, who presented to our paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic from 2008 to 2010 for congenital heart disease with 1083 healthy controls.ResultsIn all, 18.2% of the children with congenital heart disease and 20.8% of healthy children were identified to be either overweight or obese. Overall, the weight category distribution had been similar between the congenital heart disease and healthy control groups, as well as between the congenital heart disease subgroups. There was no difference in normal weight and overweight/obese categories between children with congenital heart disease and healthy children. The underweight category, however, showed a significantly higher prevalence in congenital heart disease compared with healthy children (6.8 and 4.5%, respectively, p = 0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight/obesity did not differ in children with congenital heart disease compared with age-matched healthy children; however, it is still high (18.2%). Obesity may represent an additional risk factor for the long-term cardiovascular health of congenital heart disease patients aside from the underlying heart defect.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and fat tissue distribution in health adults from some places in central Banat

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pavlica ◽  
Verica Bozic-Krstic ◽  
Rada Rakic ◽  
Biljana Srdic
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fat Tissue

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine, relying on anthropological parameters, nutritional status, fat tissue distribution and possible health risk in adult population of Central Banal. Material and methods. 730 subjects of both genders (average age 4O.19?11.36y) underwent following measurements: height, weight, waist and hip circumference. Results and discussion. Central Banat population was characterized by great height (males: 178.40?7.24 cm: females: 163.06?6.32 cm). The average BMI was at the lower limit of overweight category (males: 26.59 kg/m2; females: 25.29 kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were found in 55.5% of examined subjects. In males, normal weight was recorded only in the youngest age group (20-29y), while in older age groups the percentage of overweight and obese males increased with age. In females, normal weight was recorded till the age of 50, after which overweight category was mainly present. Regarding both of the sexes, obesity was most frequent in the age group 50-59 (22%). The average waist circumference was lower than the cut-off values recommended by WHO (96.43 cm in males and 82.49 cm in females). According to fat distribution, normal values were recorded in males younger that 39y, after which there was an increase m risk central obesity. In females, normal fat distribution was mainly present in all ages, although the percentage of the risk category increased with age. The highest percentage of the subjects of both sexes showed no health risk. Conclusion. Our results indicate the need for preventive action towards obesity consequences and obesity inducing surroundings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nutritional status of adolescents enrolled in the General High School from the Superior School of Huejutla, UAEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Azucena Eunice Jiménez Corona ◽  
Cinthia Yarely De la Cruz Hernández ◽  
Gilberto Hernández Hernández ◽  
Luis Rey Martínez Santos
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Young Subjects

Nowadays, one of the main public health concerns worldwide is overweight and obesity; in addition, this event has developed significant damage in the pediatric population (infants, children and adolescents). Therefore, it is well known that the reason is an energy disproportion between the calories consumed and spent. Furthermore, the aim study was to anthropometrically assess the current health condition and the degree of overweight and obesity in young subjects between 14 and 17 years of age from the General High School from the Superior School of Huejutla, the Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo. The project was realized in a sample of teenagers (N = 99), conventional anthropometric measurements were engaged such as: height, weight, abdomen circumference, arm circumference. The size in percentiles according to the BMI of the tables of growth and development curves (CDC) was used: poor (<5 percentile), lean (5 <95th percentile), overweight (85 <95th percentile) and obesity (> 95th percentile). Moreover, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each of the subjects in the sample was measured in triplicate. The results obtained were subdivided into low weight (6.6%) normal weight (71.71%), overweight (18.18%) and obesity (37.14%) according to the BMI. In this way, they were grouped according to percentiles in: normal pressure (4.4%), prehypertension (12.12%) and hypertension (5.05%). An isolated result was gained in the prevalence of nutritional states of risk of overweight and obesity. Nevertheless, the trend in this population is weight gain.

Effect of overweight and obesity on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Poyraz ◽  
Murat Turfan ◽  
Sinan A. Kocaman ◽  
Huseyin U. Yazici ◽  
Nihat Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Diastolic Functions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a association exits among overweight and obesity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients admitted with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The present study was performed on 451 consecutive patients diagnosed with first STEMI (376 men, 75 women; mean age 56.1±10.8 years). The patients were classified into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Echocardiographic features were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Results: Mitral annulus E velocities were higher in obese individuals than normal weight group (p < 0.01). In contrast, mitral A velocities were lower (p =0.03); consequently, E\A and E'\A' ratios were lower (both p =0.01) in the obese group with respect to normal weight group. When the correction of entire variations existing among the groups were performed using multivariate linear regressions analyses, it turned out that BMI was independently associated with E/A (β= -0.19, p =0.044) and with E'/A' (β= -0.016, p=0.021). Ejection fraction, wall motion score index and myocardial S velocities were comparable among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that while obesity has no adverse effect on the left ventricular systolic function, it has unfavorable consequences on the left ventricular diastolic function in the patients with first STEMI. In contrast, no unfavorable effects of overweight on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were detected.

Relationship Among Adherence to The Mediterranean Diet and Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Subjects with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lampignano ◽  
Roberta Zupo ◽  
Rossella Donghia ◽  
Vito Guerra ◽  
Fabio Castellana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background: There is moderate-to-high evidence that the Mediterranean diet prevents increases in body weight and waist circumference in non-obese individuals but less is known about its effects in subjects with overweight and obesity. The present study was focused on exploring the cross-sectional association among the adherence to Mediterranean diet and the most commonly used variables of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of overweight subjects from a typical Mediterranean region, Apulia, in Southern Italy. Methods:: The study was performed in a cohort of 1214 individuals, all with overweight or obesity but no other clinical condition. We investigated the association among adherence to Mediterranean diet, assessed with the PREDIMED score, and anthropometric parameters [namely body mass index (BMI), WC, waist to height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference (NC)], fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, uric acid and lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), and blood pressure and insulin resistance, measured by HOMA-IR. Results:: The waist to height ratio was negatively associated to a PREDIMED score ≥7 (p<0.04), whereas HDL cholesterol was positively associated to a PREDIMED score ≥7 (p<0.04) Conclusion: This study suggests that body fat distribution and HDL-cholesterol are the parameters most strongly influenced by MedDiet in Apulian subjects.

scholarly journals 1H-NMR Profiling Shows as Specific Constituents Strongly Affect the International EVOO Blends Characteristics: The Case of the Italian Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Francesca Calò ◽  
Chiara Roberta Girelli ◽  
Federica Angilè ◽  
Laura Del Coco ◽  
Lucia Mazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
The World ◽  
Plateau Level

Considering the growing number of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) producers in the world, knowing the influence of olive oils with different geographical origins on the characteristics of the final blend becomes an interesting goal. The present work is focused on commercial organic EVOO blends obtained by mixing multiple oils from different geographical origins. These blends have been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy supported by multivariate statistical analysis. Specific characteristics of commercial organic EVOO blends originated by mixing oils from Italy, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, and Greece were found to be associated with the increasing content of the Italian component. A linear progression of the metabolic profile defined characteristics for the analysed samples—up to a plateau level—was found in relation to the content of the main constituent of the Italian oil, the monocultivar Coratina. The Italian constituent percentage appears to be correlated with the fatty acids (oleic) and the polyphenols (tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and derivatives) content as major and minor components respectively. These results, which highlight important economic aspects, also show the utility of 1H-NMR associated with chemometric analysis as a powerful tool in this field. Mixing oils of different national origins, to obtain blends with specific characteristics, could be profitably controlled by this methodology.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098051
Author(s):  
Matula Tareerath ◽  
Peerachatra Mangmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

scholarly journals The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Serdar Sahin ◽  
Havva Sezer ◽  
Ebru Cicek ◽  
Yeliz Yagız Ozogul ◽  
Murat Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included the patients &#x3e;18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight &#x3c;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group A), overweight from 25 to &#x3c;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to &#x3c;35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [<i>p</i> = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [<i>p</i> = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [<i>p</i> = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [<i>p</i> = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [<i>p</i> = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [<i>p</i> = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [<i>p</i> = 0.010]). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

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