scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Early Puberty in Girls

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Anastasios Papadimitriou ◽  
Dimitrios T Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Onset ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
A Minor

In recent decades, pubertal onset in girls has been considered to occur at an earlier age than previously. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with alterations in pubertal timing, with several reports suggesting that EDCs may have a role in the secular trend in pubertal maturation, at least in girls. However, relevant studies give inconsistent results. On the other hand, the majority of girls with idiopathic precocious or early puberty present the growth pattern of constitutional advancement of growth (CAG), i.e., growth acceleration soon after birth. Herein, we show that the growth pattern of CAG is unrelated to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and is the major determinant of precocious or early puberty. Presented data suggest that EDCs, at most, have a minor effect on the timing of pubertal onset in girls.

scholarly journals A putative adverse outcome pathway network for disrupted female pubertal onset to improve testing and regulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Franssen ◽  
Terje Svingen ◽  
David Lopez Rodriguez ◽  
Majorie Van Duursen ◽  
Julie Boberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Pubertal Onset ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Alternative Test

The average age for pubertal onset in girls has declined over recent decades. Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animals suggest a causal role for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) that are present in our environment. Of concern, current testing and screening regimens are inadequate in identifying EDCs that may affect pubertal maturation, not least because they do not consider early-life exposure. Also, the causal relationship between EDC exposure and pubertal timing is still a matter of debate. To address this issue, we have used current knowledge to elaborate a network of putative Adverse Outcome Pathways (pAOPs) to identify how chemicals can affect pubertal onset. By using the AOP framework, we highlight current gaps in mechanistic understanding that needs to be addressed and simultaneously point towards events causative of pubertal disturbance that could be exploited for alternative test methods. We propose six pAOPs that could explain the disruption of pubertal timing by interfering with the central hypothalamic trigger of puberty, GnRH neurons, and by so doing highlight specific modes of action that could be targeted for alternative test method development.

scholarly journals SUN-594 Pubertal Timing and Hormonal Correlates in Male Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean De Schepper ◽  
Evy Berlanger ◽  
Monique Van Helvoirt ◽  
Ann De Guchtenaere ◽  
Eddy Basslé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Onset ◽  
Genital Development ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract An early, normal or delayed pubertal onset have been described in overweight/ obese males(1). A greater prepubertal adiposity has been associated with a greater risk for delayed puberty in males, but an underlying mechanism was not explored(2). We investigated whether an increased testosterone aromatization or an higher degree of low-grade inflammation might be more prevalent in obese males with a delay in genital development. Pubertal status assessment by Tanner staging and measurement of morning serum testosterone, estradiol, leptin, and hSCRP by standard laboratory methods were performed in 191 male adolescents, aged between 10 and 18.6 yr (median 12.8 yr) with overweight (BMI z-score > 1.3), starting an ambulatory (n = 138) or a residential weight loss program (n = 55). Their median (range) BMI z-score was 2.32 (1.34 – 3.38). Delayed / slow and early / rapid genital development was defined by a Tanner genital stage respectively above the 90th or below 10th percentile age distribution (national Flemish standards of 2004). In 3 males pubertal development was advanced, while in 34 it was delayed. In the remaining 154 adolescents genital stage was normally timed. Males with a delayed timing or progression of genital development were older (median(range) age:14.8 (11.6-18.6) yr vs 12.3 (10-18.6) yr; p< 0.005) and shorter (height sds: -0.55 (-1.90- 1.48) vs 0.49 (-3 – 3.19); p < 0.005), and had a higher birthweight (birthweight z-score: 0.15(-3.51-2.75) vs -0.34(-4.7-3.30); p = 0.058), but a similar BMI and waist z-score in comparison with males with a normally timed puberty. Median serum estradiol, leptin, and hSCRP concentrations did not differ significantly between those with a normal or a delayed pubertal onset or progression. In conclusion, pubertal delay is more frequently observed than early puberty in males referred to obesity clinics. Neither low grade inflammation nor increased estradiol production appear to be associated with a later onset of slower progression of genital development in male obesity. References (1) Li W et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Oct 24;14(10) (2) Lee JM et al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010 Feb;164(2):139-44.

Mechanical Behavior of Aged Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Ying Kai Chou ◽  
Leu Wen Tsay ◽  
Ying Chiao Wang ◽  
Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
One Step ◽  
Notched Tensile Strength ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor

The effect of aging treatments on the mechanical behavior of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (Ti153) alloy was evaluated in the present study. Properties of the two-step aged specimens were also compared with those of the one-step aged specimens. The second aging treatment, which was performed at 426o°C for 24 h, apparently raised the tensile strength at the expense of the notched tensile strength for the specimens previously aged at 426°C or below. On the other hand, the second-step aging had a minor effect on further hardening of the specimens prior to aging at 538°C and 593°C. In general, theJ-integral value (fracture toughness) had the same trend as that of the notch brittleness of the specimens. Overall, the specimens subjected to the two-step aging treatment did not show any advantage over the specimens subject to one-step aging treatment.

Effect of Somatic Comorbidity on Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heimo Viinamäki ◽  
Antti Tanskanen ◽  
Jukka Hintikka ◽  
Juha Haatainen ◽  
Risto Antikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Somatic Comorbidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Depressive Patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether somatic comorbidity (SC) impedes recovery from depression. Method: The study design was naturalistic. Diagnosis of depression was confirmed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Changes in the symptom scales for those patients with somatic comorbidity (n = 75) were compared with corresponding changes in depressive patients without somatic comorbidity (n = 41) in a 6-month follow up. Results: Measured on the Hamilton and Beck scales, recovery rates of those with SC was only slightly lower to that of the others. The difference was statistically significant only in relation to the Hamilton scale. Forty-four per cent of those with SC and 42% of the other patients recovered from their depression (BDI score < 10 on follow up). Logistic regression analysis showed no independent association between recovery and somatic comorbidity. Conclusions: Moderate somatic comorbidity has only a minor effect on recovery from depression.

scholarly journals The impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on early puberty: a natural experiment

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiguo Lian ◽  
Xiayun Zuo ◽  
Yanyan Mao ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe factors influencing pubertal timing have gained much attention due to a secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset in many countries. However, no studies have investigated the association between the Great earthquake and early puberty. We aimed to assess whether the Wenchuan earthquake is associated with early puberty, in both boys and girls.MethodsWe used data from two circles of a survey on reproductive health in China to explore the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on early puberty , and a total of 9,785 adolescents (4,830 boys, 49.36%) aged 12–20 years from 29 schools in eight provinces were recruited. Wenchuan earthquake exposure was defined as those Sichuan students who had not experienced oigarche/menarche before May 12, 2008. Early puberty was identified as a reported onset of oigarche/menarche at 11 years or earlier. We tested the association between the Wenchuan earthquake and early puberty in boys and girls. Then, subgroup analysis stratified by the age at earthquake exposure also was performed.ResultsIn total, 8,883 adolescents (4,543 boys, 51.14%) with a mean (SD) age of 15.13 (1.81) were included in the final sample. In general, children exposed to the earthquake had three times greater risk of early puberty (boys, RR [95% CI] = 3.18 [2.21–4.57]; girls: RR [95%CI] =3.16 [2.65–3.78]). Subgroup analysis showed that the adjusted RR was 1.90 [1.19–3.03] for boys and 2.22 [1.75–2.80] for girls. Earthquake exposure predicted almost a fourfold (RR [95%CI] = 3.91 [1.31–11.72]) increased risk of early puberty in preschool girls, whereas the increase was about twofold (RR [95%CI] = 2.09 [1.65–2.64]) in schoolgirls. Among boys, only older age at earthquake exposure was linked to early puberty (RR [95%CI] = 1.93 [1.18–3.16]).ConclusionsWenchuan earthquake exposure increased the risk of early puberty in boys and girls, and preschoolers were more at risk than schoolchildren. The implications are relevant to support policies for those survivors, especially children, to better rebuild after disasters.

Higher phthalate concentrations are associated with precocious puberty in normal weight Thai girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khomsak Srilanchakon ◽  
Thawiphark Thadsri ◽  
Chutima Jantarat ◽  
Suriyan Thengyai ◽  
Wichit Nosoognoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urine Creatinine ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

AbstractBackground:The cause of precocious puberty may be associated with genetics and other conditions such as central nervous system (CNS) insults, or the exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Phthalates is known to be one of the EDCs and have estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and may be associated with advanced puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and advanced puberty.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with precocious puberty (breast onset <8 years, n=42) and early puberty (breast onset 8–9 years, n=17), compared to age-matched controls (n=77). Anthropometric measurements, estradiol, basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, uterine sizes, ovarian diameters and bone ages (BA) were obtained. Urine samples were collected and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and adjusted with urine creatinine.Results:The median adjusted-MEP concentration in girls with precocious puberty, was greater than in normal girls (6105.09 vs. 4633.98 μg/g Cr: p<0.05), and had the same trend among early puberty and normal puberty (5141.41 vs. 4633.98 μg/g Cr: p=0.4), but was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Precocious puberty girls had an association with increased MEP concentration. This is the first report of the association between urinary phthalate levels and precocious puberty in Thai girls.

scholarly journals Associations of Obesity with Linear Growth and Puberty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shlomit Shalitin ◽  
Galia Gat-Yablonski
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Onset ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically in recent decades with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood adiposity may also influence processes of growth and puberty. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Growth patterns of obesity during childhood have been shown to be associated with increased linear growth in early childhood, leading to accelerated epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) maturation. Several hormones secreted by the adipose tissue may affect linear growth in the context of obesity, both via the growth hormone IGF-1 axis and via a direct effect on the EGP. The observation that children with obesity tend to mature earlier than lean children has led to the assumption that the degree of body fatness may trigger the neuroendocrine events that lead to pubertal onset. The most probable link between obesity and puberty is leptin and its interaction with the kisspeptin system, which is an important regulator of puberty. However, peripheral action of adipose tissue could also be involved in changes in the onset of puberty. In addition, nutritional factors, epigenetics, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals are potential mediators linking pubertal onset to obesity. In this review, we focused on interactions of obesity with linear growth and pubertal processes, based on basic research and clinical data in humans. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> Children with obesity are subject to accelerated linear growth with risk of impaired adult height and early puberty, with its psychological consequences. The data highlight another important objective in combatting childhood obesity, for the prevention of abnormal growth and pubertal patterns.

scholarly journals OR23-1 Transgenerational Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Pubertal Timing through Epigenetic Reprogramming of the Hypothalamus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lopez Rodriguez ◽  
Virginia Delli ◽  
Carlos Aylwin ◽  
Arlette Gerard ◽  
Silvia Blacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

scholarly journals Genetic etiologies of central precocious puberty

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Hae Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Pubertal onset is a complex process, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In addition, the timing of normal puberty varies between individuals and is a highly polygenic trait with both rare and common variants. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined as the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Genetic factors are suggested to account for 50% to 80% of the variation in puberty initiation, as indicated by the greater concordance of pubertal timing observed in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Although genetic factors play a crucial role in CPP development, only few associated genes have been identified. To date, four monogenic genes have been identified: KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3, and DLK1. Moreover, mutation prevalence in these genes varies considerably depending on the ethnicity of patients with CPP. This article reviews the current knowledge on the normal pubertal timing and physiology and discusses the CPP-causing genes.

Disorders of Puberty in Girls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva B. Sopher ◽  
Sharon E. Oberfield ◽  
Selma F. Witchel
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pubertal Onset ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

AbstractPuberty is the process through which reproductive competence is achieved and comprises gonadarche and adrenarche. Breast development is the initial physical finding of pubertal onset in girls and typically occurs between 8 and 13 years. Menarche normally occurs 2 to 3 years after the onset of breast development. Pubertal onset is controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the hypothalamus; however, environmental factors such as alterations in energy balance and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter the timing of pubertal onset. Improvement in nutritional and socioeconomic conditions over the past two centuries has been associated with a secular trend in earlier pubertal onset. Precocious puberty is defined as onset of breast development prior to 8 years and can be central or peripheral. Delayed puberty can be hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic and is defined as lack of breast development by 13 years or lack of menarche by 16 years. Both precocious and delayed puberty may have negative effects on self-esteem, potentially leading to psychosocial stress. Patients who present with pubertal differences require a comprehensive assessment to determine the underlying etiology and to devise an effective treatment plan.

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