scholarly journals Risperidone or Aripiprazole Can Resolve Autism Core Signs and Symptoms in Young Children: Case Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Alsayouf ◽  
Haitham Talo ◽  
Marisa L. Biddappa ◽  
Emily De Los Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Retrospective Case

Risperidone and aripiprazole are approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of irritability and aggression in children from the ages of 5 and 6 years, respectively. However, there are no approved medications for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) core signs and symptoms. Nevertheless, early intervention is recognized as key to improving long-term outcomes. This retrospective case study included 10 children (mean age, 2 years 10 months) with ASD who presented with persistent irritability and aggression before 4 years of age that was unresponsive to behavioral interventions and sufficiently severe to consider pharmacological intervention with risperidone or aripiprazole combined with standard supportive therapies. Besides ameliorating comorbid behaviors, improvement was observed in ASD core signs and symptoms for all patients, with minimal-to-no symptoms observed in 60% of patients according to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2-Standard Test and Clinical Global Impression scales. Excessive weight gain in two patients was the only adverse effect observed that required intervention. This is the first study to suggest that ASD can potentially be treated in very young children (<4 years). Clinical trials are urgently required to validate these findings among this pediatric population.

Assessment and Treatment of Selective Mutism in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 153465012098345
Author(s):  
Mirela Cengher ◽  
Joy C. Clayborne ◽  
Adrianna E. Crouch ◽  
Julia T. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Over 60% of children diagnosed with selective mutism are also diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Previous research established that behavioral interventions are effective at increasing speech in children with both diagnoses. However, few studies conducted assessments to determine environmental variables that inhibit speech, and such assessments are necessary for the development of effective and efficient treatments. This case study describes an assessment that evaluated the function(s) of selective mutism. The results confirmed that the participant did not talk to avoid social interaction and that mutism occurred primarily in the presence of multiple, unfamiliar people. Our first treatment focused on increasing tolerance for social interaction, demonstrated by an increase in speech production in the presence of unfamiliar people. Our second treatment focused on increasing qualitative aspects of the participant’s speech (i.e., both responses and initiations). Finally, we taught the participant’s parents to implement the treatment in naturalistic settings, and the participant demonstrated generalization of treatment effects across people and settings. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Joint Engagement and Early Language in Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Hahn ◽  
Nancy C. Brady ◽  
Kandace K. Fleming ◽  
Steven F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Joint Engagement ◽  
Autism Symptomatology

PurposeIn this study, we examine joint engagement (JE) in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and its relationship to language abilities and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology at 24 to 36 months (toddler period) and 59 to 68 months (child period).MethodParticipants were 28 children with FXS (24 boys, four girls) and their mothers. Videotaped home observations were conducted during the toddler period and coded for JE. Language abilities were measured at both ages from a developmental assessment, a functional measure, and from a language sample. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1988) was completed at both ages.ResultsChildren with FXS spent more time in supported JE than in coordinated JE. Using a weighted JE variable, we found that children with FXS who had higher weighted JE scores also had more advanced expressive language skills at both the toddler and child periods. Weighted JE was negatively related to autism symptomatology in the toddler period.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that children with FXS who use more JE also have more advanced expressive language skills in early development. Therefore, existing early interventions that target JE behaviors may be effective for promoting language, social communication, and social interaction in this population.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RELAXATION AND DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES ON ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCING ANXIETY IN EARTHQUAKE PRONE AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Yunita Astriani Hardayati ◽  
Mustikasari Mustikasari
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale

Adolescents are a vulnerable group mental health problem development after frequently being exposed to disaster-related information. Some studies show that adolescent living in earthquake-prone areas experience anxiety. Adolescents’ untreated anxiety possibly causes mood disorders, eating disorders, and even anxiety disorder. Nursing intervention conducted to reduce anxiety consists of relaxation and distraction techniques. Relaxation techniques consist of deep breathing exercises and five-finger relaxation techniques. This case study aims to describe the change signs and symptoms of anxiety on adolescent in earthquake prone area that giving relaxation and distraction techniques. The subjects of this study were four high-school-adolescent-students suffering from moderate anxiety about earthquake and were measured by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The results reveal that anxiety levels of all subjects decreases with average HARS score is 11,5. It is concluded that relaxation and distraction techniques can use as one of theraphy to reduce anxiety on middle adolescent in earthquake- prone area. This case study is considered as an important reference material for practitioners who find a similar case in the pratice setting.

Telehealth-Based Systems for Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 1044-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorentina Angjellari-Dajci ◽  
William F. Lawless ◽  
Nitin Agarwal ◽  
Ron Oberleitner ◽  
Barbara Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Full Utilization

The prevailing system for diagnosis, treatment, and management of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in the US—the in-person service delivery—has been unable to address the increase in the demand for services and societal costs for those served, and the unattained societal benefits for those not diagnosed early enough or not offered early and intensive behavioral interventions. The authors discuss new developments in telehealth for diagnostic evaluation and ASD treatment in the US. They build a theoretical model to capture telehealth system’s potential in reaching ASD screening market equilibrium under the constraint of full utilization of provider hours and other stylized facts. The authors estimate the market demand for ASD screening in the US for year 2011. They present their progress with a case study that focuses on the potential impacts of increased access to care of technology-based telehealth on the Georgia-South Carolina border. The authors use social network analysis to envision the future of telehealth service delivery for ASDs.

scholarly journals Auditory training methods in children with psychiatric diagnosis: an integrative literature review

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto de Oliveira Simões ◽  
Sthella Zanchetta ◽  
Erikson Felipe Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Formal Context ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Sound Amplification

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify auditory training approaches used in the pediatric population with psychiatric diagnoses and to characterize the contexts in which the intervention took place, as well as protocols and discernment of the results. Methods: a search was carried out in four databases, using the fixed terms "auditory training" OR "auditory rehabilitation". Regarding the sampling, there was a considerable range of diagnoses, signs and symptoms, including the most common ones. Articles published until August 2018 whose population did not present hearing loss were selected; articles whose subjects had made use of any personal sound amplification products, presented otitis or had any isolated diagnosis of auditory processing disorder, were excluded. Results: 16 articles out of the 103 references found, met the inclusion criteria. The samplings studied were children and adolescents with learning, language or reading disorders, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. The bottom-up intervention and the combined approach (bottom-up and top-down), in the formal context, were the most frequent approaches, whose results led to the improvement in linguistic, metalinguistic and auditory skills. The amount and frequency of sessions, as well as their duration varied. Conclusion: the heterogeneity of auditory training techniques diversified the results. However, it seems there is a potential for recommending auditory training in the reviewed population.

scholarly journals Difficulties in Diagnosis and Therapy of Infective Endocarditis in Children and Adolescents—Cohort Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Alina-Costina Luca ◽  
Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan ◽  
Heidrun Adumitrachioaiei ◽  
Ioana Ciobanu ◽  
Cezarina Dragomirescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Heart Disorders ◽  
Retrospective Case Study

Despite the progress in management and prophylaxis measures, infective endocarditis (IE) is still a condition associated with high mortality rates and severe complications. Fortunately, the incidence of IE is much lower in children and adolescents, with only 0.05–0.12/1000 cases being reported in hospitalized pediatric patients. According to recent data, IE is, in most cases, a complication of pre-existing congenital heart disorders, in up to 75–90% of cases. About 8–10% of all IE cases occur in children without a pre-existing heart condition, due to the widespread use of catheters and invasive procedures, or are associated with immunosuppression. The overall mortality rate due to IE among children and adolescents is 16–25%, a fairly high incidence despite advances made in management and treatment methodologies. We present a retrospective case study conducted in the Pediatric Cardiology Department of ‘St. Maria’ Emergency Children’s Hospital of Iași between February 2007 and February 2020, including 54 children aged between 23 days and 17 years. Our study was aimed at revealing the evolution of IE in recent years in the pediatric population, at identifying the main causes leading to the onset and progress of the disease, at assessing the incidence of clinical and paraclinical manifestations and at determining efficient diagnosis and therapy approaches for the population under survey.

scholarly journals Effects of bumetanide on neurobehavioral function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e1056-e1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lemonnier ◽  
N Villeneuve ◽  
S Sonie ◽  
S Serret ◽  
A Rosier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Phase 2 Trial ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Core Symptoms

Abstract In animal models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the NKCC1 chloride-importer inhibitor bumetanide restores physiological (Cl−)i levels, enhances GABAergic inhibition and attenuates electrical and behavioral symptoms of ASD. In an earlier phase 2 trial; bumetanide reduced the severity of ASD in children and adolescents (3–11 years old). Here we report the results of a multicenter phase 2B study primarily to assess dose/response and safety effects of bumetanide. Efficacy outcome measures included the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), the Social Responsive Scale (SRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Improvement scale (CGI-I). Eighty-eight patients with ASD spanning across the entire pediatric population (2–18 years old) were subdivided in four age groups and randomized to receive bumetanide (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 months. The mean CARS value was significantly improved in the completers group (P: 0.015). Also, 23 treated children had more than a six-point improvement in the CARS compared with only one placebo-treated individual. Bumetanide significantly improved CGI (P: 0.0043) and the SRS score by more than 10 points (P: 0.02). The most frequent adverse events were hypokalemia, increased urine elimination, loss of appetite, dehydration and asthenia. Hypokalemia occurred mainly at the beginning of the treatment at 1.0 and 2.0 mg twice-daily doses and improved gradually with oral potassium supplements. The frequency and incidence of adverse event were directly correlated with the dose of bumetanide. Therefore, bumetanide improves the core symptoms of ASD and presents a favorable benefit/risk ratio particularly at 1.0 mg twice daily.

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