scholarly journals Coagulated Mineral Adsorbents for Dye Removal, and Their Process Intensification Using an Agitated Tubular Reactor (ATR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Alastair S. Tonge ◽  
David Harbottle ◽  
Simon Casarin ◽  
Monika Zervaki ◽  
Christel Careme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dye Removal ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Settling Rates

The aim of this study was to understand the efficacy of widely available minerals as dual-function adsorbers and weighter materials, for the removal of toxic azo-type textile dyes when combined with coprecipitation processes. Specifically, the adsorption of an anionic direct dye was measured on various mineral types with and without the secondary coagulation of iron hydroxide (‘FeOOH’) in both a bench-scale stirred tank, as well as an innovative agitated tubular reactor (ATR). Talc, calcite and modified bentonite were all able to remove 90–95% of the dye at 100 and 200 ppm concentrations, where the kinetics were fitted to a pseudo second-order rate model and adsorption was rapid (<30 min). Physical characterisation of the composite mineral-FeOOH sludges was also completed through particle size and sedimentation measurements, as well as elemental scanning electron microscopy to determine the homogeneity of the minerals in the coagulated structure. Removal of >99% of the dye was achieved for all the coagulated systems, where additionally, they produced significantly enhanced settling rates and bed compression. The greatest settling rate (9 mm min−1) and solids content increase (450% w/w) were observed for the calcium carbonate system, which also displayed the most homogenous distribution. This system was selected for scale-up and benchmarking in the ATR. Dye removal and sediment dispersion in the ATR were enhanced with respect to the bench scale tests, although lower settling rates were observed due to the relatively high shear rate of the agitator. Overall, results highlight the applicability of these cost-effective minerals as both dye adsorbers and sludge separation modifiers to accelerate settling and compression in textile water treatment. Additionally, the work indicates the suitability of the ATR as a flexible, modular alternative to traditional stirred tank reactors.

scholarly journals Process intensification of the ionoSolv pretreatment: effects of biomass loading, particle size and scale-up from 10 mL to 1 L

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementine L. Chambon ◽  
Pedro Verdía ◽  
Paul S. Fennell ◽  
Jason P. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Reduced Surface

AbstractThe ionoSolv process is one of the most promising technologies for biomass pretreatment in a biorefinery context. In order to evaluate the transition of the ionoSolv pretreatment of biomass from bench-scale experiments to commercial scale, there is a need to get better insight in process intensification. In this work, the effects of biomass loading, particle size, pulp washing protocols and 100-fold scale up for the pretreatment of the grassy biomass Miscanthus giganteus with the IL triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, [TEA][HSO4], are presented as a necessary step in that direction. At the bench scale, increasing biomass loading from 10 to 50 wt% reduced glucose yields from 68 to 23% due to re-precipitation of lignin onto the pulp surface. Omitting the pulp air-drying step maintained saccharification yields at 66% at 50 wt% loading due to reduced fiber hornification. 100-fold scale-up (from 10 mL to 1 L) improved the efficacy of ionoSolv pretreatment and increasing loadings from 10 to 20 wt% reduced lignin reprecipitation and led to higher glucose yields due to the improved heat and mass transfer caused by efficient slurry mixing in the reactor. Pretreatment of particle sizes of 1–3 mm was more effective than fine powders (0.18–0.85 mm) giving higher glucose yields due to reduced surface area available for lignin re-precipitation while reducing grinding energy needs. Stirred ionoSolv pretreatment showed great potential for industrialization and further process intensification after optimization of the pretreatment conditions (temperature, residence time, stirring speed), particle size and biomass loading. Pulp washing protocols need further improvement to reduce the incidence of lignin precipitation and the water requirements of lignin washing.

scholarly journals Process Intensification of The Ionosolv Pretreatment: Effects Of Biomass Loading, Particle Size And 100-Fold Scale-Up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementine L. Chambon ◽  
Pedro Verdía ◽  
Paul S. Fennell ◽  
Jason Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Reduced Surface

Abstract Background: The ionoSolv process is one of the most promising technologies for biomass pretreatment in a biorefinery context. In order to evaluate the transition of the ionoSolv pretreatment of biomass from bench-scale experiments to biorefinery scale, there is a need to get better insight in process intensification. In this work, the effects of biomass loading, particle size, pulp washing protocols and 100-fold scale up for the pretreatment of the grassy biomass Miscanthus giganteus with the IL triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, [TEA][HSO4], are presented. Results: At the bench scale, increasing biomass loading from 10 wt% to 50 wt% reduced glucose yields from 68% to 23% due to re-precipitation of lignin onto the pulp surface. Omitting the pulp air-drying step maintained saccharification yields at 66% at 50 wt% loading due to reduced fiber hornification. 100-fold scale-up (from 10 mL to 1 L) improved the efficacy of ionoSolv pretreatment and increasing loadings from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced lignin reprecipitation and led to higher glucose yields due to the improved heat and mass transfer caused by efficient slurry mixing in the reactor. Pretreatment of particle sizes of 1–3 mm was more effective than fine powders (0.18–0.85 mm) giving higher glucose yields due to reduced surface area available for lignin re-precipitation while reducing grinding energy needs.Conclusion: Stirred ionoSolv pretreatment showed great potential for industrialization and further process intensification after optimization of the pretreatment conditions (temperature, residence time, stirring speed), particle size and biomass loading. Pulp washing protocols need further improvement to reduce the incidence of lignin precipitation and the water requirements of lignin washing.

scholarly journals Process Intensification of the ionoSolv Pretreatment: Effects of Biomass Loading, Particle Size and 100-Fold Scale-Up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementine Chambon ◽  
Pedro Verdía ◽  
Paul Fennell ◽  
Jason Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Reduced Surface

Abstract Background: The ionoSolv process is one of the most promising technologies for biomass pretreatment in a biorefinery context. In order to evaluate the transition of the ionoSolv pretreatment of biomass from bench-scale experiments to biorefinery scale, there is a need to get better insight in process intensification. In this work, the effects of biomass loading, particle size, pulp washing protocols and 100-fold scale up for the pretreatment of the grassy biomass Miscanthus giganteus with the IL triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, [TEA][HSO4], are presented. Results: At the bench scale, increasing biomass loading from 10 wt% to 50 wt% reduced glucose yields from 68% to 23% due to re-precipitation of lignin onto the pulp surface. Omitting the pulp air-drying step maintained saccharification yields at 66% at 50 wt% loading due to reduced fiber hornification. 100-fold scale-up (from 10 mL to 1 L) improved the efficacy of ionoSolv pretreatment and increasing loadings from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced lignin reprecipitation and led to higher glucose yields due to the improved heat and mass transfer caused by efficient slurry mixing in the reactor. Pretreatment of particle sizes of 1–3 mm was more effective than fine powders (0.18–0.85 mm) giving higher glucose yields due to reduced surface area available for lignin re-precipitation while reducing grinding energy needs.Conclusion: Stirred ionoSolv pretreatment showed great potential for industrialization and further process intensification after optimization of the pretreatment conditions (temperature, residence time, stirring speed), particle size and biomass loading. Pulp washing protocols need further improvement to reduce the incidence of lignin precipitation and the water requirements of lignin washing.

scholarly journals Kinetic Studies of Cs+ and Sr2+ Ion Exchange Using Clinoptilolite in Static Columns and an Agitated Tubular Reactor (ATR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Prajitno ◽  
Mohamad Taufiqurrakhman ◽  
David Harbottle ◽  
Timothy N. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Shear Mixing ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite ◽  
Kinetics Of

Natural clinoptilolite was studied to assess its performance in removing caesium and strontium ions, using both static columns and an agitated tube reactor (ATR) for process intensification. Kinetic breakthrough curves were fitted using the Thomas and Modified Dose Response (MDR) models. In the static columns, the clinoptilolite adsorption capacity (qe) for 200 ppm ion concentrations was found to be ~171 and 16 mg/g for caesium and strontium, respectively, highlighting the poor material ability to exchange strontium. Reducing the concentration of strontium to 100 ppm, however, led to a higher strontium qe of ~48 mg/g (close to the maximum adsorption capacity). Conversely, halving the column residence time to 15 min decreased the qe for 100 ppm strontium solutions to 13–14 mg/g. All the kinetic breakthrough data correlated well with the maximum adsorption capacities found in previous batch studies, where, in particular, the influence of concentration on the slow uptake kinetics of strontium was evidenced. For the ATR studies, two column lengths were investigated (of 25 and 34 cm) with the clinoptilolite embedded directly into the agitator bar. The 34 cm-length system significantly outperformed the static vertical columns, where the adsorption capacity and breakthrough time were enhanced by ~30%, which was assumed to be due to the heightened kinetics from shear mixing. Critically, the increase in performance was achieved with a relative process flow rate over twice that of the static columns.

scholarly journals Scale‐up of an intensified bioprocess for the expansion of bovine adipose‐derived stem cells (bASCs) in stirred tank bioreactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Petronela Hanga ◽  
Fritz Anthony Raga ◽  
Panagiota Moutsatsou ◽  
Christopher J. Hewitt ◽  
Alvin W. Nienow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Application of Microfluidics in Process Intensification

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrson S. Santana ◽  
Mariana G. M. Lopes ◽  
João L. Silva ◽  
Osvaldir P. Taranto
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Equipment Size ◽  
System Miniaturization

Abstract Is it possible to miniaturize a chemical plant? Some strategies, such as the process intensification, sustain that the advancements in equipment and production techniques could substantially decrease the equipment size/production capacity ratio, energy consumption and waste generation, resulting in more economic and sustainable operations and consequently reducing the chemical plant size. However, large reductions of equipment volume represent a major challenge for the conventional technologies. In this context, Microfluidics represents a promising technology in the field of system miniaturization. Accordingly, the present research evaluated the concept of process intensification and its relationship with Microfluidics. Initially, the definition and the classification of process intensification were described, following by the explanation of the Microfluidics, highlighting scale-up strategies and examples using miniaturized systems. Afterward, a methodology for miniaturized devices development for process intensification using numerical simulations was shown. Finally, the conclusions are exposed.

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