scholarly journals High Mobility Group Box-1 and Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nishibori ◽  
Dengli Wang ◽  
Daiki Ousaka ◽  
Hidenori Wake
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Blood Brain

Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory responses are involved in the progression of brain injuries induced by a diverse range of insults, including ischemia, hemorrhage, trauma, epilepsy, and degenerative diseases. During the processes of inflammation, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may play a critical role in the enhancement of inflammatory responses and may initiate brain damage because the BBB constitutes an interface between the brain parenchyma and the bloodstream containing blood cells and plasma. The BBB has a distinct structure compared with those in peripheral tissues: it is composed of vascular endothelial cells with tight junctions, numerous pericytes surrounding endothelial cells, astrocytic endfeet, and a basement membrane structure. Under physiological conditions, the BBB should function as an important element in the neurovascular unit (NVU). High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone nuclear protein, is ubiquitously expressed in almost all kinds of cells. HMGB1 plays important roles in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of transcription activity, and DNA repair in nuclei. On the other hand, HMGB1 is considered to be a representative damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) because it is translocated and released extracellularly from different types of brain cells, including neurons and glia, contributing to the pathophysiology of many diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The regulation of HMGB1 release or the neutralization of extracellular HMGB1 produces beneficial effects on brain injuries induced by ischemia, hemorrhage, trauma, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s amyloidpathy in animal models and is associated with improvement of the neurological symptoms. In the present review, we focus on the dynamics of HMGB1 translocation in different disease conditions in the CNS and discuss the functional roles of extracellular HMGB1 in BBB disruption and brain inflammation. There might be common as well as distinct inflammatory processes for each CNS disease. This review will provide novel insights toward an improved understanding of a common pathophysiological process of CNS diseases, namely, BBB disruption mediated by HMGB1. It is proposed that HMGB1 might be an excellent target for the treatment of CNS diseases with BBB disruption.

scholarly journals Surgery Upregulates High Mobility Group Box-1 and Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier causing Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 994-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Juan He ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yuan Le ◽  
Kai-Ming Duan ◽  
Xue-Bin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Blood Brain

The Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Cerebral Spinal Fluid Barrier

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixon M. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
The Brain

An intact blood-brain barrier and normal production, circulation, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid are critical for normal brain function. Minor disruptions of barrier function are without clinical consequences. Major disruptions accompany most significant acute brain injuries. The anatomic location of the blood-brain barrier is the endothelial cells of arterioles, capillaries, veins, and the epithelial cell surface of the choroid plexus. However, endothelial cells require the presence of glial cells to maintain barrier function. During cardiopulmonary bypass, several factors may result in a temporary disruption of the barrier; the most important are systemic inflammatory response and focal ischemia due to emboli. Lacking a lymphatic system, the brain depends on the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid to remove the products of metabolism, and the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid depends on a vascular systolic pulse wave to drive this fluid antegrade along the brain paravascular spaces. Although it is not possible to identify this paravavscular space histologically, its presence is confirmed by tracer methods.

scholarly journals Anti-high Mobility Group Box-1 Monoclonal Antibody Protects the Blood–Brain Barrier From Ischemia-Induced Disruption in Rats

Stroke ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1420-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyong Zhang ◽  
Hideo K. Takahashi ◽  
Keyue Liu ◽  
Hidenori Wake ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Screening for Interacting Proteins with Peptide Biomarker of Blood–Brain Barrier Alteration under Inflammatory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4725
Author(s):  
Karina Vargas-Sanchez ◽  
Monica Losada-Barragán ◽  
Maria Mogilevskaya ◽  
Susana Novoa-Herrán ◽  
Yehidi Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Peptide Ligand ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) due to alterations in cellular and structural components of the neurovascular unit, particularly in association with neuroinflammation. A previous screening study of peptide ligands to identify molecular alterations of the BBB in neuroinflammation by phage-display, revealed that phage clone 88 presented specific binding affinity to endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions in vivo and in vitro. Here, we aimed to identify the possible target receptor of the peptide ligand 88 expressed under inflammatory conditions. A cross-link test between phage-peptide-88 with IL-1β-stimulated human hCMEC cells, followed by mass spectrometry analysis, was used to identify the target of peptide-88. We modeled the epitope–receptor molecular interaction between peptide-88 and its target by using docking simulations. Three proteins were selected as potential target candidates and tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with peptide-88: fibronectin, laminin subunit α5 and laminin subunit β-1. Among them, only laminin subunit β-1 presented measurable interaction with peptide-88. Peptide-88 showed specific interaction with laminin subunit β-1, highlighting its importance as a potential biomarker of the laminin changes that may occur at the BBB endothelial cells under pathological inflammation conditions.

scholarly journals VX765 Attenuates Pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Pathways to Improve Functional Outcomes in TBI Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhezhe Sun ◽  
Mark Nyanzu ◽  
Su Yang ◽  
Xiaohong Zhu ◽  
Kankai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Blood Brain

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to temporary or permanent damage to brain function caused by penetrating objects or blunt force trauma. TBI activates inflammasome-mediated pathways and other cell death pathways to remove inactive and damaged cells, however, they are also harmful to the central nervous system. The newly discovered cell death pattern termed pyroptosis has become an area of interest. It mainly relies on caspase-1-mediated pathways, leading to cell death. Methods. Our research focus is VX765, a known caspase-1 inhibitor which may offer neuroprotection after the process of TBI. We established a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model and then controlled the degree of pyroptosis in TBI with VX765. The effects of caspase-1 inhibition on inflammatory response, pyroptosis, blood-brain barrier (BBB), apoptosis, and microglia activation, in addition to neurological deficits, were investigated. Results. We found that TBI led to NOD-like receptors (NLRs) as well as absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the damaged cerebral cortex. VX765 curbed the expressions of indispensable inflammatory subunits (caspase-1 as well as key downstream proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-18). It also inhibited gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and apoptosis-associated spot-like protein (ASC) oligomerization in the injured cortex. In addition to the above, VX765 also inhibited the inflammatory activity of the high-mobility cassette -1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappa B) pathway. By inhibiting pyroptosis and inflammatory mediator expression, we demonstrated that VX765 can decrease blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, apoptosis, and microglia polarization to exhibit its neuroprotective effects. Conclusion. In conclusion, VX765 can counteract neurological damage after TBI by reducing pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway activities. VX765 may have a good therapeutic effect on TBI.

scholarly journals Iron Uptake in Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells Cultured in Iron-Depleted and Iron-Enriched Media

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van Gelder ◽  
M. I. E. Huijskes-Heins ◽  
M. I. Cleton-Soeteman ◽  
J. P. Van Dijk ◽  
H. G. Van Eijk
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Cells Cultured

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia increases permeability of the blood-brain barrier by NMDA receptor-dependent regulation of adherens and tight junctions

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 2007-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Beard ◽  
Jason J. Reynolds ◽  
Shawn E. Bearden
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability

Abstract Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) increases permeability of the blood-brain barrier, but the mechanisms are undetermined. Homocysteine (Hcy) is an agonist of the neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr). We tested the hypothesis that HHcy disrupts the blood-brain barrier by an NMDAr-dependent mechanism in endothelium. In brain microvascular endothelial cells, there was no change in expression of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin with Hcy treatment, but there was a significant decrease in the amount of β-catenin at the membrane. Moreover, Hcy caused nuclear translocation of β-catenin and attachment to the promoter for the tight junction protein claudin-5, with concomitant reduction in claudin-5 expression. Using a murine model of HHcy (cbs+/−), treatment for 2 weeks with an NMDAr antagonist (memantine) rescued cerebrovascular expression of claudin-5 and blood-brain barrier permeability to both exogenous sodium fluorescein and endogenous IgG. Memantine had no effect on these parameters in wild-type littermates. The same results were obtained using an in vitro model with brain microvascular endothelial cells. These data provide the first evidence that the NMDAr is required for Hcy-mediated increases in blood-brain barrier permeability. Modulating cerebral microvascular NMDAr activity may present a novel therapeutic target in diseases associated with opening of the blood-brain barrier in HHcy, such as stroke and dementia.

Neural precursor cell influences on blood–brain barrier characteristics in rat brain endothelial cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 1159 ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Lim ◽  
Adam J. Wolpaw ◽  
Maeve A. Caldwell ◽  
Stephen B. Hladky ◽  
Margery A. Barrand
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Brain Endothelial Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cell ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Rat Brain Endothelial Cells
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