scholarly journals Spheroid Fabrication Using Concave Microwells Enhances the Differentiation Efficacy and Function of Insulin-Producing Cells via Cytoskeletal Changes

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2551
Author(s):  
Yu Na Lee ◽  
Hye Jin Yi ◽  
Hanse Goh ◽  
Ji Yoon Park ◽  
Sarah Ferber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Transplantation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
And Function

Pancreatic islet transplantation is the fundamental treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes; however, donor shortage is a major hurdle in its use as a standard treatment. Accordingly, differentiated insulin-producing cells (DIPCs) are being developed as a new islet source. Differentiation efficiency could be enhanced if the spheroid structure of the natural islets could be recapitulated. Here, we fabricated DIPC spheroids using concave microwells, which enabled large-scale production of spheroids of the desired size. We prepared DIPCs from human liver cells by trans-differentiation using transcription factor gene transduction. Islet-related gene expression and insulin secretion levels were higher in spheroids compared to those in single-cell DIPCs, whereas actin–myosin interactions significantly decreased. We verified actin–myosin-dependent insulin expression in single-cell DIPCs by using actin–myosin interaction inhibitors. Upon transplanting cells into the kidney capsule of diabetic mouse, blood glucose levels decreased to 200 mg/dL in spheroid-transplanted mice but not in single cell-transplanted mice. Spheroid-transplanted mice showed high engraftment efficiency in in vivo fluorescence imaging. These results demonstrated that spheroids fabricated using concave microwells enhanced the engraftment and functions of DIPCs via actin–myosin-mediated cytoskeletal changes. Our strategy potentially extends the clinical application of DIPCs for improved differentiation, glycemic control, and transplantation efficiency of islets.

Liposomes

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-87
Author(s):  
Mangal Shailesh Nagarsenker ◽  
Megha Sunil Marwah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Characterisation Techniques

The science of liposomes has expanded in ambit from bench to clinic through industrial production in thirty years since the naissance of the concept. This chapter makes an attempt to bring to light the impregnable contributions of great researchers in the field of liposomology that has witnessed clinical success in the recent times. The journey which began in 1965 with the observations of Bangham and further advances made en route (targeting/stealthing of liposomes) along with alternative and potential liposome forming amphiphiles has been highlighted in this chapter. The authors have also summarised the conventional and novel industrially feasible methods used to formulate liposomes in addition to characterisation techniques which have been used to set up quality control standards for large scale production. Besides, the authors have provided with an overview of primary therapeutic and diagnostic applications and a brief insight into the in vivo behaviour of liposomes.

scholarly journals Production of Phytotoxic Metabolite Using Biphasic Fermentation System from Strain C1136 of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a Potential Bioherbicidal Agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Charles Oluwaseun ADETUNJI ◽  
Julius Kola OLOKE ◽  
Gandham PRASAD ◽  
Moses ABALAKA ◽  
Emenike Onyebum IROKANULO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Phytotoxic Metabolite ◽  
Biphasic Fermentation

Formulation of effective and environmental friendly bioherbicides depends on the type of fermentation medium used for the production of phytotoxic metabolites. The effect of biomass, colony forming unit and the phytotoxic metabolite produced from the biphasic fermentation was carried out, while the phytotoxic metabolite was  tested in vivo and in-vitro on Echinochola crus-galli and dicotyledonous Chromolaena odorata. The mutant strain of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 (Lp90) produced the highest amount of conidia and the largest necrotic area on the two tested weeds when compared to its wild strain in the different biphasic media combinations. The study revealed that the biphasic system containing PDB + rice produced the highest bioherbicidal activities. Therefore, the phytotoxic metabolites from strain C1136 are suggested for large scale production of bioherbicides for the management of weeds in conventional farming to improve yield and enhance food security.

Construction and Expression of Mouse-human Chimeric Antibody SZ-51 Specific for Activated Platelet P-selectin

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Gu ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Lijun Xia ◽  
Haiying Wan ◽  
Peixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Chimeric Antibody ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fab Fragment ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large Scale Production

SummaryA murine monoclonal (mAb) SZ-51 specific for human P-selectin may be used for in vivo thrombus imaging and for the targeting of fibrinolytic agents to thrombi. In order to reduce the immunogenicity of the murine mAb SZ-51 in humans, we cloned and sequenced the cDNAs encoding the variable region of mAb SZ-51 in order to develop mouse/human chimeric reagents. The E. coli expression vector. pHENl-SZ51 Fab/Hu was constructed by fusing the variable regions of mAb SZ-51 with human IgG γICHI and Cκ genes. The constructs were introduced into E. coli HB2151 for expression of soluble chimeric Fab fragment. We also constructed two fusion products by joining the variable regions of mouse antibody to the appropriate constant regions of human Igγl and κ. These chimeras were cloned into two eukaryotic selectable expression vectors separately, which were then cotransfected into a non-Ig secreting murine myeloma line SP2/0 with lipofectin reagent. Six cell lines remained positive for Ig secretion. The highest producing cell line, which showed stable integration and expression at 5 mg/1 of culture, was selected for the large scale production of chimeric antibody. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that both of the chimeric antibodies (SZ51Fab/Hu, SZ51/Hu) in the culture supernatants, like the native mAb SZ-51, bind P-selectin. In addition, the whole chimeric antibody can compete for binding to activated platelets with murine SZ-51. Therefore, the SZ-51 chimeric antibody may be a potential agent for diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Large‐scale production, purification, and function of a tumor multi‐epitope vaccine: Peptibody with bFGF/VEGFA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 422-436
Author(s):  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Chengcheng Jiang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Jiangtao Gu ◽  
Qifang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Epitope Vaccine ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Biochemical assessment of in vitro and in vivo culture of Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Antaryami Kaushik ◽  
Chandra Gurnani ◽  
Shyam Sunder ◽  
Abha Dhingra ◽  
Vikram Chimpa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein

Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr is an endangered plant which can be protected from extinction by its large scale production. Nodal segments of healthy plants are used as explants and cultured on MS Basal medium fortified with different growth regulators. Optimum shoot induction conditions from explants were established. In vitro and in vivo phytochemical test were done by using standard methods for chlorophyll, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and starch. 3mg/l 2, 4 D showed maximum and success full callus production. Shoot initiation started in 7 days and best shoot regeneration reported with 3 mg/ml BAP in Basal medium. Combination of IBA and NAA in concentration 2 and 4 mg/l respectively proved to be best for root initiation. Concentration of chlorophyll, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and starch in vitro and in vivo culture are investigated. DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4005Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.1-5

Single cell protein

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Waterworth
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Research World

Whilst agricultural research world-wide pursues yield improvement in food and forage crops in an attempt to keep pace with growing demand, alternative ‘non-crop’ protein sources have also been sought. Bacteria and yeasts have been shown to have the characteristics necessary for large-scale production of what has come to be known as single-cell protein. ICI's ‘Pruteen’, using a unique continuous fermentation system, compares favourably with conventional protein feedstuffs.

scholarly journals System for large scale production of small RNAs through their in vivo expression within 5S rRNA‐derived scaffold.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Liu ◽  
Victor Stepanov ◽  
Prasenjit Dey ◽  
George W. Jackson ◽  
Richard C. Willson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
In Vivo Expression

scholarly journals Planifilum fulgidum Is the Dominant Functional Microorganism in Compost Containing Spent Mushroom Substrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Wenying Wang ◽  
Zaixue Li ◽  
Chuanlun Yang ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
And Function

The extensive accumulation of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) owing to the large-scale production of edible fungi is causing environmental problems that cannot be ignored. Co-composting is a promising method for agricultural and animal husbandry waste disposal. In this study, the composition and function of microbial communities in the process of cattle manure–maize straw composting with SMS addition were compared through an integrated meta-omics approach. The results showed that irrespective of SMS addition, the predominant fungi were Ascomycota, while the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. High temperature promoted the evolution from Gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroides, Proteobacteria) to Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes, Actinomycetes). The composting process was accelerated by SMS addition, and the substrate was effectively degraded in 14 days. Metaproteomics results showed that the dominant microorganism, Planifilum fulgidum, secreted large amounts of S8, M17, and M32 proteases that could degrade macromolecular protein substrates in the presence of SMS. Planifilum fulgidum, along with Thermobifida fusca and Melanocarpus albomyces, synergistically degraded hemicellulose, cellulose, and protein. In addition, the dominant microorganisms related to the initial raw materials such as Pichia, Lactobacillus in the microbial agent and Hypsizygus in SMS could not adapt to the high-temperature environment (>60 °C) and were replaced by thermophilic bacteria after 5 days of composting.

High-yield amplification ofCryptosporidium parvumin interferon γ receptor knockout mice

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. von OETTINGEN ◽  
M. NATH-CHOWDHURY ◽  
B. J. WARD ◽  
A. C. RODLOFF ◽  
M. J. ARROWOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
External Sources ◽  
And Storage

SUMMARYTo date, large-scale production ofCryptosporidium parvumoocysts has only been achieved by amplification in neonatal calves and sheep. Many laboratories currently depend on supplies from external sources and store oocysts for prolonged periods which results in progressive loss of viability. Six to 8-week-old interferon γ receptor knockout (IFNγR-KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background were inoculated by gavage (2000 oocysts/animal). Fecal pellets were collected daily from 7 days post-infection (p.i.) up to 2 weeks p.i. Intestinal oocyst yield was assessed at days 11, 12 and 14 p.i. by homogenization of intestinal tissues. Ether extraction and one or more NaCl flotations were used to purify oocysts. Total recoveries averaged 2·6×106oocysts/mouse from fecal material and 3·8×107oocysts/mouse from intestinal tissues. Overall, 2·3×109purified oocysts were obtained from 60 mice. Recovered oocysts were capable of sporulation and were shown to be infectious bothin vitroandin vivo. Oocyst amplification was achieved in only 11–14 days with minimal expense. The simplicity of this method presents a practical alternative for the routine passage, maintenance and storage ofC. parvumin biomedical laboratories.

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