scholarly journals Smart Nanofibers with Natural Extracts Prevent Senescence Patterning in a Dynamic Cell Culture Model of Human Skin

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Emanuela Bellu ◽  
Giuseppe Garroni ◽  
Sara Cruciani ◽  
Francesca Balzano ◽  
Diletta Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Dynamic Cell ◽  
Uv Stress ◽  
Set Up

Natural cosmetic products have recently re-emerged as a novel tool able to counteract skin aging and skin related damages. In addition, recently achieved progress in nanomedicine opens a novel approach yielding from combination of modern nanotechnology with traditional treatment for innovative pharmacotherapeutics. In the present study, we investigated the antiaging effect of a pretreatment with Myrtus communis natural extract combined with a polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold (NanoPCL-M) on skin cell populations exposed to UV. We set up a novel model of skin on a bioreactor mimicking a crosstalk between keratinocytes, stem cells and fibroblasts, as in skin. Beta-galactosidase assay, indicating the amount of senescent cells, and viability assay, revealed that fibroblasts and stem cells pretreated with NanoPCL-M and then exposed to UV are superimposable to control cells, untreated and unexposed to UV damage. On the other hand, cells only exposed to UV stress, without NanoPCL-M pretreatment, exhibited a significantly higher yield of senescent elements. Keratinocyte-based 3D structures appeared disjointed after UV-stress, as compared to NanoPCL-M pretreated samples. Gene expression analysis performed on different senescence associated genes, revealed the activation of a molecular program of rejuvenation in stem cells pretreated with NanoPCL-M and then exposed to UV. Altogether, our results highlight a future translational application of NanoPCL-M to prevent skin aging.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds and PCL Nanofibers: A Novel Tool to Counteract Stem Cell Senescence

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Emanuela Bellu ◽  
Sara Cruciani ◽  
Giuseppe Garroni ◽  
Francesca Balzano ◽  
Rosanna Satta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Dynamic Cell ◽  
Brdu Assay ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
Positive Effect

Tissue homeostasis mainly depends on the activity of stem cells to replace damaged elements and restore tissue functions. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis in skin, in particular in the dermis. Modifications in collagen fibers are able to affect stem cell features. Skin properties can be significantly reduced after injuries or with aging, and stem cell niches, mainly comprising extracellular matrix (ECM), may be compromised. To this end, specific molecules can be administrated to prevent the aging process induced by UV exposure in the attempt to maintain a youngness phenotype. NanoPCL-M is a novel nanodevice able to control delivery of Mediterranean plant myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) extracts. In particular, we previously described that myrtle extracts, rich in bioactive molecules and nutraceuticals, were able to counteract senescence in adipose derived stem cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of NanoPCL-M on skin stem cells (SSCs) and dermal fibroblasts in a dynamic cell culture model in order to prevent the effects of UV-induced senescence on proliferation and collagen depot. The BrdU assay results highlight the significantly positive effect of NanoPCL-M on the proliferation of both fibroblasts and SSCs. Our results demonstrate that-M is able to preserve SSCs features and collagen depot after UV-induced senescence, suggesting their capability to retain a young phenotype.

scholarly journals Carnosine Stimulates Macrophage-Mediated Clearance of Senescent Skin Cells Through Activation of the AKT2 Signaling Pathway by CD36 and RAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuenan Li ◽  
Kaiye Yang ◽  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Jungang Zhao ◽  
Guangrong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Background: Macrophages can selectively recognize and eliminate senescent cells, but this function is impaired with age, resulting in excessive accumulation of senescent cells in the skin, which ultimately causes skin aging. Therefore, enhancing the immune surveillance ability of macrophages to clear senescent keratinocytes and fibroblasts from aging skin may be an effective skin rejuvenation strategy.Methods: In this study, a macrophage and senescent skin cell co-culture model was established whereby THP-1-derived macrophages and tert-butyl hydroxide-induced senescent skin cells (HaCaT and HFF-1) were grown in the same culture. Senescent skin cells were detected by the SPiDER-βgal assay, and the expression of secretory phenotype factors related to senescence was assayed by qPCR. The effect of carnosine on the number of SA-β-gal positive skin cells in the macrophage-senescent skin cell co-culture was evaluated and compared with that in the senescent skin cell monoculture.Results: Carnosine promoted macrophage-mediated elimination of senescent skin cells in the co-culture. Through the AKT2 signaling pathway, carnosine upregulated the expression of CD36 and receptors for advanced glycation end products and elevated the phagocytic capacity of the macrophages, thereby promoting the ability of the macrophages to eliminate the senescent skin cells.Conclusions: Carnosine could boost the immune surveillance ability of macrophages to clear senescent keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the macrophage-senescent skin cell co-culture by activating the AKT2 signaling pathway, suggesting the possibility of using carnosine as an agent to reverse skin aging.

scholarly journals Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Cure for Diabetes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Kevin Verhoeff ◽  
Sarah J. Henschke ◽  
Braulio A. Marfil-Garza ◽  
Nidheesh Dadheech ◽  
Andrew Mark James Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Subcutaneous Insulin ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
Brittle Diabetes ◽  
Novel Approach

Over the last century, diabetes has been treated with subcutaneous insulin, a discovery that enabled patients to forego death from hyperglycemia. Despite novel insulin formulations, patients with diabetes continue to suffer morbidity and mortality with unsustainable costs to the health care system. Continuous glucose monitoring, wearable insulin pumps, and closed-loop artificial pancreas systems represent an advance, but still fail to recreate physiologic euglycemia and are not universally available. Islet cell transplantation has evolved into a successful modality for treating a subset of patients with ‘brittle’ diabetes but is limited by organ donor supply and immunosuppression requirements. A novel approach involves generating autologous or immune-protected islet cells for transplant from inducible pluripotent stem cells to eliminate detrimental immune responses and organ supply limitations. In this review, we briefly discuss novel mechanisms for subcutaneous insulin delivery and define their shortfalls. We describe embryological development and physiology of islets to better understand their role in glycemic control and, finally, discuss cell-based therapies for diabetes and barriers to widespread use. In response to these barriers, we present the promise of stem cell therapy, and review the current gaps requiring solutions to enable widespread use of stem cells as a potential cure for diabetes.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration: from characterization to application

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangkang Zha ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Guangzhao Tian ◽  
Zhiqiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractArticular cartilage is susceptible to damage but hard to self-repair due to its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to produce satisfactory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in cartilage repair. However, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is often unstable partly due to their heterogeneity. Understanding the heterogeneity of MSCs and the potential of different types of MSCs for cartilage regeneration will facilitate the selection of superior MSCs for treating cartilage damage. This review provides an overview of the heterogeneity of MSCs at the donor, tissue source and cell immunophenotype levels, including their cytological properties, such as their ability for proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation and immunoregulation, as well as their current applications in cartilage regeneration. This information will improve the precision of MSC-based therapeutic strategies, thus maximizing the efficiency of articular cartilage repair.

Dextran-coated fluorapatite nanorods doped with lanthanides in labelling and directing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 3609-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zeng ◽  
Xiyu Li ◽  
Fang Xie ◽  
Li Teng ◽  
Haifeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A novel approach for labelling and tracking BMSCs in bone tissue engineering by using dextran-coated fluorapatite nanorods doped with lanthanides.

scholarly journals Optimal Falling Track Design for Twice detonating Fuze of Double event Fuel air Explosive with High Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Congliang Ye ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Design System ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point Center ◽  
Double Event

To prevent the initiation failure caused by the uncontrolled fuze and improve the weapon reliability in the high-speed double-event fuel-air explosive (DEFAE) application, it is necessary to study the TDF motion trajectory and set up a twice-detonating fuze (TDF) design system. Hence, a novel approach of realising the fixed single-point center initiation by TDF within the fuel air cloud is proposed. Accordingly, a computational model for the TDF motion state with the nonlinear mechanics analysis is built due to the expensive and difficult full-scale experiment. Moreover, the TDF guidance design system is programmed using MATLAB with the equations of mechanical equilibrium. In addition, by this system, influences of various input parameters on the TDF motion trajectory are studied in detail singly. Conclusively, the result of a certain TDF example indicates that this paper provides an economical idea for the TDF design, and the developed graphical user interface of high-efficiency for the weapon designers to facilitate the high-speed DEFAE missile development.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell as a novel approach to systemic sclerosis; current status and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Abedi ◽  
Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam ◽  
Moloud Payab ◽  
Parisa Goodarzi ◽  
Fereshteh Mohamadi-jahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Contemporary Status

AbstractSystemic sclerosis is a rare chronic autoimmune disease with extensive microvascular injury, damage of endothelial cells, activation of immune responses, and progression of tissue fibrosis in the skin and various internal organs. According to epidemiological data, women’s populations are more susceptible to systemic sclerosis than men. Until now, various therapeutic options are employed to manage the symptoms of the disease. Since stem cell-based treatments have developed as a novel approach to rescue from several autoimmune diseases, it seems that stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells as a powerful regenerative tool can also be advantageous for systemic sclerosis treatment via their remarkable properties including immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Accordingly, we discuss the contemporary status and future perspectives of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis.

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