scholarly journals Root Border Cells and Mucilage Secretions of Soybean, Glycine Max (Merr) L.: Characterization and Role in Interactions with the Oomycete Phytophthora Parasitica

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ropitaux ◽  
Sophie Bernard ◽  
Damien Schapman ◽  
Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye ◽  
Maïté Vicré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Interactions ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Root Tissues

Root border cells (BCs) and their associated secretions form a protective structure termed the root extracellular trap (RET) that plays a major role in root interactions with soil borne microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the release and morphology of BCs of Glycine max using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also examined the occurrence of cell-wall glycomolecules in BCs and secreted mucilage using immunofluorescence microscopy in conjunction with anti-glycan antibodies. Our data show that root tips released three populations of BCs defined as spherical, intermediate and elongated cells. The mechanism of shedding seemed to be cell morphotype-specific. The data also show that mucilage contained pectin, cellulose, extracellular DNA, histones and two hemicellulosic polysaccharides, xyloglucan and heteromannan. The latter has never been reported previously in any plant root secretions. Both hemicellulosic polysaccharides formed a dense fibrillary network embedding BCs and holding them together within the mucilage. Finally, we investigated the effect of the RET on the interactions of root with the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica early during infection. Our findings reveal that the RET prevented zoospores from colonizing root tips by blocking their entry into root tissues and inducing their lysis.

Immobilization of aluminum with mucilage secreted by root cap and root border cells is related to aluminum resistance in Glycine max L

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 8924-8933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaozhen Cai ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Chenghua Xing ◽  
Fangmei Wang ◽  
Kun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Aluminum Resistance ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Root Border Cells

Roles of root border cells in plant defense and regulation of rhizosphere microbial populations by extracellular DNA ‘trapping’

2012 ◽  
Vol 355 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha C. Hawes ◽  
Gilberto Curlango-Rivera ◽  
Zhongguo Xiong ◽  
John O. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Dna Trapping

scholarly journals Tissue Specific Localization of Root Infection by Fungal Pathogens: Role of Root Border Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uvini Gunawardena ◽  
Martha C. Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Root Border Cells

When roots of pea seedlings were inoculated uniformly with spores of Nectria haematocca or other pea pathogenic fungi, more than 90% developed lesions in the region of elongation within 3 days. More mature regions of most roots as well as the tip showed no visible signs of infection. Yet, microscopic observation revealed that ‘mantles,’ comprised of fungal hyphae intermeshed with populations of border cells, covered the tips of most roots. After physical detachment of the mantle, the underlying tip of most roots was found to be free of infection. Mantle-covered root tips did not respond to invasion of their border cells by activation of known defense genes unless there was invasion of the tip itself, as revealed by the presence of a lesion. Concomitant with the activation of defense genes was the induction of a cell-wall degrading enzyme whose expression is a marker for renewed production of border cells. Mantle formation did not occur in response to nonpathogens. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that border cells serve as a host-specific ‘decoy’ that protects root meristems by inhibiting fungal infection of the root tip.

Histochemical Examination of Invertase Activities in the Growing Tip of the Plant Root

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
N.F. Lunkova ◽  
N.A. Burmistrova ◽  
M.S. Krasavina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Transition To Elongation ◽  
Different Tissues

Background:A growing part of the root is one of the most active sinks for sucrose coming from source leaves through the phloem. In the root, sucrose is unloaded from conducting bundles and is distributed among the surrounding cells. To be involved in the metabolism, sucrose should disintegrate into hexoses by means of degrading enzymes.Aims:The aim of this research was to explore the possibility of the involvement of one such enzymes, invertase, in phloem unloading as well as distribution of its activity in the functionally different tissues of the plant root tips.Method:To estimate the enzyme activities in root tissues, we applied two techniques: the histochemical method using nitro blue tetrazolium. The localization of phloem unloading was studied with carboxyfluorescein, a fluorescent marker for symplastic transport.Results:Invertase activity was not detected in the apical part of the meristem. It appeared only between the basal part of this zone and the beginning of the elongation zone. There is the root phloem unloading in that area. Invertase activity increased with increasing the distance from the root tip and reached the highest values in the region of cell transition to elongation and in the elongation zone. The activities of the enzyme varied in different tissues of the same zone and sometimes in the neighboring cells of the same tissue. Biochemical determination of invertase activity was made in the maize root segments coincident to the zones of meristem, cell elongation and differentiation. The results of both methods of determination of invertase activity were in agreement.Conclusion:It was concluded that phloem unloading correlated with invertase activity, possibly because of the activation of invertase by unloaded sucrose. Invertase is one of the factors involved in the processes preparing the cells for their transition to elongation because the concentration of osmotically active hexoses increases after cleavage of sucrose, that stimulates water entry into the cells, which is necessary for elongation growth.

Developmental characteristics and aluminum resistance of root border cells in rice seedlings

Plant Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
MiaoZhen Cai ◽  
ShuNa Zhang ◽  
ChengHua Xing ◽  
FangMei Wang ◽  
Wang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Border Cells ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Aluminum Resistance ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

Proteomic Analyses of Soybean Root Tips During Germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1308-1319
Author(s):  
Setsuko Komatsu ◽  
Myeong W. Oh ◽  
Hee Y. Jang ◽  
Soo J. Kwon ◽  
Hye R. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
2D Gel ◽  
Proteomic Techniques

Plant root systems form complex networks with the surrounding soil environment and are controlled by both internal and external factors. To better understand the function of root tips of soybean during germination, three proteomic techniques were used to analyze the protein profiles of root tip cells. Proteins were extracted from the root tips of 4-dayold soybean seedlings and analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis-based proteomics, SDS-gel based proteomics, and gel-free proteomics techniques. A total of 121, 862, and 341 proteins were identified in root tips using the 2D gel-based, SDS gel-based, and gel-free proteomic techniques, respectively. The proteins identified by 2D gel-based proteomic analysis were predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, whereas nuclear-localized proteins were most commonly identified by the SDS gel-based and gel-free proteomics techniques. Of the 862 proteins identified in the SDS gelbased proteomic analysis, 190 were protein synthesis-related proteins. Furthermore, 24 proteins identified using the 2Dgel based proteomic technique shifted between acidic and basic isoelectric points, and 2 proteins, heat shock protein 70.2 and AAA-type ATPase, displayed two different molecular weights at the same isoelectric point. Taken together, these results suggest that a number of proteins related to protein synthesis and modification are activated in the root tips of soybean seedlings during germination.

Extraction of Damba Black Soybean Gene by Means of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Investigation of Aluminum Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Rongrong Han ◽  
Yunmin Wei ◽  
Lusheng Liu ◽  
Caode Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Soybean Gene ◽  
Organic Acid Secretion

The aluminum tolerance of Tamba black soybean (Glycine max cv. Tamba) is closely related to organic acid secretion mechanisms. The gene responsible for this tolerance in this variety (GmFER84) is extracted from lysates of soybean root tips using silylated Fe3O4 nanomagnetic beads. GmFER84 (Glycine max XP 003540203.1) is a stable protein. Tobacco genetically transformed with GmFER84 using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was tested for aluminum tolerance. Citrate synthase and citric acid secretion in the roots of transgenic tobacco prove to be significantly higher than those of wild tobacco, and the antioxidant properties of transgenic tobacco are also substantially increased. Research on GmFER84 may enable further agronomic development.

Root Border Cells and Their Role in Plant Defense

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Hawes ◽  
Caitilyn Allen ◽  
B. Gillian Turgeon ◽  
Gilberto Curlango-Rivera ◽  
Tuan Minh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Root Border Cells
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