scholarly journals Symmetry Breaking and Epithelial Cell Extrusion

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bageshri Naimish Nanavati ◽  
Alpha S. Yap ◽  
Jessica L. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Planar Symmetry ◽  
Cell Extrusion ◽  
Made In

Cell extrusion is a striking morphological event found in epithelia and endothelia. It is distinguished by two symmetry-breaking events: a loss of planar symmetry, as cells are extruded in either apical or basal directions; and loss of mechanochemical homogeneity within monolayers, as cells that are fated to be extruded become biochemically and mechanically distinct from their neighbors. Cell extrusion is elicited by many diverse events, from apoptosis to the expression of transforming oncogenes. Does the morphological outcome of extrusion reflect cellular processes that are common to these diverse biological phenomena? To address this question, in this review we compare the progress that has been made in understanding how extrusion is elicited by epithelial apoptosis and cell transformation.

scholarly journals Interleukin-34-CSF1R Signaling Axis Promotes Epithelial Cell Transformation and Breast Tumorigenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2711
Author(s):  
Muna Poudel ◽  
Garam Kim ◽  
Poshan Yugal Bhattarai ◽  
Jin-Young Kim ◽  
Hong Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Breast Tumorigenesis ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
4T1 Cells

IL-34 has been recently identified as a ligand for CSF1R that regulates various cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Although the binding of IL-34 to CSF1R modulates several cancer-driving signaling pathways, little is known about the role of IL-34/CSF1R signaling in breast cancer. Herein, we report that IL-34 induces epithelial cell transformation and breast tumorigenesis through activation of MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun pathways. IL-34 increased the phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and c-Jun through CSF1R in mouse skin epidermal JB6 C141 cells and human breast cancer MCF7 cells. IL-34 enhanced c-Fos and c-Jun promoter activity, resulting in increased AP-1 transactivation activity in JB6 Cl41 and MCF7 cells. Moreover, PIN1 enhanced IL-34-induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and c-Jun in JB6 Cl41 and MCF7 cells. Inhibition of PIN1 using juglone prevented the IL-34-induced transformation of JB6 C141 cells. Similarly, silencing of PIN1 reduced the IL-34-induced tumorigenicity of MCF7 cells. Consistent with these results, the synergistic model showed that treatment with juglone suppressed the IL-34-induced growth of tumors formed by 4T1 cells in BALB/c mice. Our study demonstrates the role of IL-34-induced MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun cascades in breast cancer and highlights the regulatory role of PIN1 in IL-34-induced breast tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Targeting DNA Repair and Chromatin Crosstalk in Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Danielle P. Johnson ◽  
Mahesh B. Chandrasekharan ◽  
Marie Dutreix ◽  
Srividya Bhaskara
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Checkpoint Proteins ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Repair Pathways ◽  
Made In

Aberrant DNA repair pathways that underlie developmental diseases and cancers are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Targeting DNA repair signal effectors, modulators and checkpoint proteins, and utilizing the synthetic lethality phenomena has led to seminal discoveries. Efforts to efficiently translate the basic findings to the clinic are currently underway. Chromatin modulation is an integral part of DNA repair cascades and an emerging field of investigation. Here, we discuss some of the key advancements made in DNA repair-based therapeutics and what is known regarding crosstalk between chromatin and repair pathways during various cellular processes, with an emphasis on cancer.

scholarly journals Modelling Nuclear Morphology and Shape Transformation: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Chao Fang ◽  
Jiaxing Yao ◽  
Xingyu Xia ◽  
Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Intracellular Forces ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Made In

As one of the most important cellular compartments, the nucleus contains genetic materials and separates them from the cytoplasm with the nuclear envelope (NE), a thin membrane that is susceptible to deformations caused by intracellular forces. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has also indicated that the morphology change of NE is tightly related to nuclear mechanotransduction and the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Theoretically, with the help of well-designed experiments, significant progress has been made in understanding the physical mechanisms behind nuclear shape transformation in different cellular processes as well as its biological implications. Here, we review different continuum-level (i.e., energy minimization, boundary integral and finite element-based) approaches that have been developed to predict the morphology and shape change of the cell nucleus. Essential gradients, relative advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed in detail, with the hope of sparking a greater research interest in this important topic in the future.

Tu1198 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Extrusion and Microbial Virulence Are Altered in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-781
Author(s):  
Deenaz Zaidi ◽  
Michael Bording-Jorgenson ◽  
Hien Q. Huynh ◽  
Yuefei Lou ◽  
Julia J. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Cell Extrusion

CCN1 is critical for acid-induced esophageal epithelial cell transformation

2010 ◽  
Vol 392 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Modak ◽  
Wasim Mouazzen ◽  
Reinier Narvaez ◽  
Kevin M. Reavis ◽  
Jianyuan Chai
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Esophageal Epithelial Cell

scholarly journals MiR-7 Promotes Epithelial Cell Transformation by Targeting the Tumor Suppressor KLF4

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e103987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla F. Meza-Sosa ◽  
Erick I. Pérez-García ◽  
Nohemí Camacho-Concha ◽  
Oswaldo López-Gutiérrez ◽  
Gustavo Pedraza-Alva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cell Transformation
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