scholarly journals The Impact of Mutations in the HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes on the Physicochemical Properties of the Membranes from Barley Acclimated to Low/High Temperatures

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Rudolphi-Szydło ◽  
Iwona Sadura ◽  
Maria Filek ◽  
Damian Gruszka ◽  
Anna Janeczko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Langmuir Monolayers ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: The study characterized barley mutants with brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and signaling disturbances in terms of the physicochemical/structural properties of membranes to enrich the knowledge about the role of brassinosteroids for lipid metabolism and membrane functioning. (2) Methods: The Langmuir method was used to investigate the properties of the physicochemical membranes. Langmuir monolayers were formed from the lipid fractions isolated from the plants growing at 20 °C and then acclimated at 5 °C or 27 °C. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was estimated using gas chromatography. (3) Results: The BR-biosynthesis and BR-signaling mutants of barley were characterized by a temperature-dependent altered molar percentage of fatty acids (from 14:0 to 20:1) in their galactolipid and phospholipid fractions in comparison to wild-type (WT). For example, the mutants had a lower molar percentage of 18:3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. The same regularity was observed at 5 °C. It resulted in altered physicochemical parameters of the membranes (Alim, πcoll, Cs−1). (4) Conclusions: BR may be involved in regulating fatty acid biosynthesis or their transport/incorporation into the cell membranes. Mutants had altered physicochemical parameters of their membranes, compared to the WT, which suggests that BR may have a multidirectional impact on the membrane-dependent physiological processes.

scholarly journals Role of Oleic Acid in the Gut-Liver Axis: From Diet to the Regulation of Its Synthesis via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Piccinin ◽  
Marica Cariello ◽  
Stefania De Santis ◽  
Simon Ducheix ◽  
Carlo Sabbà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
The Impact

The consumption of an olive oil rich diet has been associated with the diminished incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Several studies have attributed these beneficial effects to oleic acid (C18 n-9), the predominant fatty acid principal component of olive oil. Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the impact of gene-nutrient interactions in liver and gut diseases, by taking advantage of the role of SCD1 and its product oleic acid in the modulation of different hepatic and intestinal metabolic pathways.

The role of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III in the condensation steps of fatty acid biosynthesis in sunflower

Planta ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián González-Mellado ◽  
Penny von Wettstein-Knowles ◽  
Rafael Garcés ◽  
Enrique Martínez-Force
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

The possible role of BnaA10.SOI.a in seed fatty acid biosynthesis of rapeseed

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Jingyun Gong ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Xinye Li ◽  
Xuchen Yu ◽  
Yuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Seed Fatty Acid

Soybean TILLING-by-Sequencing+ reveals the role of novel GmSACPD members in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis while maintaining healthy nodules

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 6969-6987
Author(s):  
Naoufal Lakhssassi ◽  
Zhou Zhou ◽  
Shiming Liu ◽  
Sarbottam Piya ◽  
Mallory A Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
High Stearic Acid ◽  
Tilling By Sequencing

Abstract Developing soybean lines with high levels of stearic acid is a primary goal of the soybean industry. Most high-stearic-acid soybeans carry different GmSACPD-C mutated alleles. However, due to the dual role of GmSACPD-C in seeds and nodule development, all derived deleterious GmSACPD-C mutant alleles are of extremely poor agronomic value because of defective nodulation. The soybean stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (GmSACPD) gene family is composed of five members. Comparative genomics analysis indicated that SACPD genes were duplicated and derived from a common ancestor that is still present in chlorophytic algae. Synteny analysis showed the presence of segment duplications between GmSACPD-A/GmSACPD-B, and GmSACPD-C/GmSACPD-D. GmSACPD-E was not contained in any duplicated segment and may be the result of tandem duplication. We developed a TILLING by Target Capture Sequencing (Tilling-by-Sequencing+) technology, a versatile extension of the conventional TILLING by sequencing, and successfully identified 12, 14, and 18 ethyl methanesulfonate mutants at the GmSACPD-A, GmSACPD-B, and GmSACPD-D genes, respectively. Functional analysis of all identified mutants revealed an unprecedented role of GmSACPD-A, GmSACPD-B, and GmSACPD-D in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis without affecting nodule development and structure. This discovery will positively impact the development of high-stearic-acid lines to enhance soybean nutritional value without potential developmental tradeoffs.

scholarly journals Seafood, fatty acid biosynthesis genes, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1485
Author(s):  
Annette Langer-Gould ◽  
Lucinda J Black ◽  
Emmanuelle Waubant ◽  
Jessica B Smith ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

Background: The role of omega-3 fatty acid in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility is unclear. Objective: To determine whether fish/seafood intake or genetic factors that regulate omega-3 fatty acids levels are associated with MS risk. Methods: We examined the association of fish and shrimp consumption and 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS1, FADS2, and ELOV2 with risk of MS in 1153 individuals from the MS Sunshine Study, a case-control study of incident MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), recruited from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Results: Consuming fish/seafood at least once a week or at least once a month with regular fish oil use was associated with 44% reduced odds of MS/CIS (adjusted OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.41–0.76; p = 0.0002) compared with consuming fish/seafood less than once a month and no fish oil supplementation. Two FADS2 SNPs (rs174611 and rs174618) were independently associated with a lower risk of MS (adjusted ORs = 0.74, 0.79, p = 0.0056, 0.0090, respectively). Association of FADS2 SNPs with MS risk was confirmed in an independent dataset. Conclusion: These findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acid intake may be an important modifiable risk factor for MS. This is consistent with the other known health benefits of fish consumption and complementary genetic studies supporting a key role for omega-3 regulation.

scholarly journals 1,2-Dithiole-3-Ones as Potent Inhibitors of the Bacterial 3-Ketoacyl Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III (FabH)

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 3093-3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Anne McElwee Reeve ◽  
Umesh R. Desai ◽  
Glen E. Kellogg ◽  
Kevin A. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Inhibitor Complex

ABSTRACT The enzyme FabH catalyzes the initial step of fatty acid biosynthesis via a type II dissociated fatty acid synthase. The pivotal role of this essential enzyme, combined with its unique structural features and ubiquitous occurrence in bacteria, has made it an attractive new target for the development of antibacterial and antiparasitic compounds. We have searched the National Cancer Institute database for compounds bearing structural similarities to thiolactomycin, a natural product which exhibits a weak activity against FabH. This search has yielded several substituted 1,2-dithiole-3-ones that are potent inhibitors of FabH from both Escherichia coli (ecFabH) and Staphylococcus aureus (saFabH). The most potent inhibitor was 4,5-dichloro-1,2-dithiole-3-one, which had 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2 μM (ecFabH) and 0.16 μM (saFabH). The corresponding 3-thione analog exhibited comparable activities. Analogs in which the 4-chloro substituent was replaced with a phenyl group were also potent inhibitors, albeit somewhat less effectively (IC50 values of 5.7 and 0.98 μM for ecFabH and saFabH, respectively). All of the 5-chlorinated inhibitors were most effective when they were preincubated with FabH in the absence of substrates. The resulting enzyme-inhibitor complex did not readily regain activity after excess inhibitor was removed, suggesting that a slow dissociation occurs. In stark contrast, a series of inhibitors in which the 5-chloro substituent was replaced with the isosteric and isoelectronic trifluoromethyl group were poorer inhibitors (IC50 values typically ranging from 25 to >100 μM for both ecFabH and saFabH), did not require a preincubation period for maximal activity, and generated an enzyme-inhibitor complex which readily dissociated. Possible modes of binding of 5-chloro-1,2-dithiole-3-ones and 5-chloro-1,2-dithiole-3-thiones with FabH which account for the role of the 5-chloro substituent were considered.

scholarly journals ‘FAS’t inhibition of malaria

2004 ◽  
Vol 383 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avadhesha SUROLIA ◽  
T. N. C. RAMYA ◽  
V. RAMYA ◽  
Namita SUROLIA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Specific Pathway

Malaria, a tropical disease caused by Plasmodium sp., has been haunting mankind for ages. Unsuccessful attempts to develop a vaccine, the emergence of resistance against the existing drugs and the increasing mortality rate all call for immediate strategies to treat it. Intense attempts are underway to develop potent analogues of the current antimalarials, as well as a search for novel drug targets in the parasite. The indispensability of apicoplast (plastid) to the survival of the parasite has attracted a lot of attention in the recent past. The present review describes the origin and the essentiality of this relict organelle to the parasite. We also show that among the apicoplast specific pathways, the fatty acid biosynthesis system is an attractive target, because its inhibition decimates the parasite swiftly unlike the ‘delayed death’ phenotype exhibited by the inhibition of the other apicoplast processes. As the enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthesis system are present as discrete entities, unlike those of the host, they are amenable to inhibition without impairing the operation of the host-specific pathway. The present review describes the role of these enzymes, the status of their molecular characterization and the current advancements in the area of developing inhibitors against each of the enzymes of the pathway.

The role of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the regulation of mammalian fatty acid biosynthesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL R. MUNDAY ◽  
TIMOTHY A. J. HAYSTEAD ◽  
ROSS HOLLAND ◽  
DAVID A. CARLING ◽  
D. GRAHAME HARDIE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa
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