scholarly journals Vitamin D and Ovarian Cancer: Systematic Review of the Literature with a Focus on Molecular Mechanisms

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andraž Dovnik ◽  
Nina Fokter Dovnik
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D is a lipid soluble vitamin involved primarily in calcium metabolism. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that lower circulating vitamin D levels are associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer and that vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased cancer mortality. A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell.

Is hypovitaminosis D associated with fibromyalgia? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandara A Martins ◽  
Camila A E F Cardinali ◽  
Maria Ida Ravanelli ◽  
Kellen Brunaldi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria

Abstract Context Recent findings have suggested a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in fibromyalgia (FM) patients despite the lack of clinical and pathophysiological evidence. Objective A systematic review was conducted to examine the association between vitamin D status and FM, including the effect of vitamin D supplementation. Data source PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched, from January 2000 to July 2018, using the descriptors “Fibromyalgia” and “Vitamin D.” Study selection Trials including FM patients in whom vitamin D levels were assessed were eligible for inclusion. Data extraction Data comprised age, gender, country, aims, bias, diagnosis criteria, cutoff point, and status of vitamin D, together with FM symptoms and vitamin D supplementation protocol. Results A total of 26 articles were selected. Most of the studies were found to present unreliable control groups and small samples. Experimental data on vitamin D supplementation indicated improvement in certain FM symptoms. Conclusion Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the FM population and the cause-effect relationship were inconclusive. Nevertheless, vitamin D supplementation may be considered as a co-adjuvant in FM therapy.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Vitamin D, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamaila Rafiq ◽  
Per Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The deficiency of vitamin D is prevalent all over the world. Studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of obesity. The current study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the association between serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of obesity in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was carried out for that purpose. We searched the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases throughout all of March 2018. A total of fifty five observational studies for both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were finally included in the meta-analysis. The data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3 and the random effects model was used to analyze the data. The meta-analysis showed an overall inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI) in studies of both diabetic (r = −0.173, 95% = −0.241 to −0.103, p = 0.000) and non-diabetic (r = −0.152, 95% = −0.187 to −0.116, p = 0.000) subjects. The evidence of publication bias was not found in this meta-analysis. In conclusion, the deficiency of vitamin D is associated with an increased level of BMI in the studies of both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Reliable evidence from well-designed future randomized controlled trials is required to confirm the findings from observational studies and to find out the potential regulatory effects of vitamin D supplementation to lower BMI.

scholarly journals Evidence Supports a Causal Model for Vitamin D in COVID-19 Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Davies ◽  
Attila R Garami ◽  
Joanna Byers
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 seemed to affect locations in the northern hemisphere most severely appearing to overlap with the pattern of seasonal vitamin D deficiency. Integrating available knowledge, we hypothesised that vitamin D could play a causal role in COVID-19 outcomes.ObjectiveWe set out to analyse the relationship between COVID-19 severity and latitude, and construct a causal inference framework to validate this hypothesis.MethodsWe analysed global daily reports of fatalities and recoveries from 239 locations from 22nd Jan 2020 to 9th April 2020. We quantified local COVID-19 outbreak severity to clearly distinguish the latitude relationship and identify any outliers breaking this pattern, and analysed the timeline of spread. We then used a causal inference framework to distinguish correlation from cause using observational data with a hypothetico-deductive method of proof. We constructed two contrasting directed acyclic graph (DAG) models, one causal and one acausal with respect to vitamin D and COVID-19 severity, allowing us to make 19 verifiable and falsifiable predictions for each.ResultsOur analysis confirmed a striking correlation between COVID-19 severity and latitude, and ruled out the temporal spread of infection as an explanation. We compared observed severity for 239 locations with our contrasting model. In the causal model, 16 predictions matched observed data and 3 predictions were untestable; in the acausal model, 14 predictions strongly contradicted observed data, 2 appeared to contradict data, and 3 were untestable.DiscussionWe show in advance of RCTs that observed data strongly match predictions made by the causal model but contradict those of the acausal model. We present historic evidence that vitamin D supplementation prevented past respiratory virus pandemics. We discuss how molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action can prevent respiratory viral infections and protect against ARDS. We highlight vitamin D’s direct effect on the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), which in concert with its other effects, can modify host responses thus preventing a cytokine storm and SARS-CoV-2-induced pathological changes. Emerging clinical research confirms striking correlations between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19 severity, in full alignment with our study.ConclusionOur novel causal inference analysis of global data supports the hypothesis that vitamin D levels play a key role in COVID-19 outcomes. The data set size, supporting historical, biomolecular, and emerging clinical research evidence altogether suggest that a very high level of confidence is justified. Vitamin D prophylaxis offers a widely available, low-risk, highly-scalable, and cost-effective pandemic management strategy including the mitigation of local outbreaks and a second wave. Timely implementation of vitamin D supplementation programmes worldwide is critical; initial priority should be given to those who are at the highest risk, including the elderly, immobile, homebound, BAME and healthcare professionals. Population-wide vitamin D sufficiency could prevent seasonal respiratory epidemics, decrease our dependence on pharmaceutical solutions, reduce hospitalisations, and thus greatly lower healthcare costs while significantly increasing quality of life.

scholarly journals Vitamin D levels and risk of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Ana C. Coelho-Oliveira ◽  
Bruno B. Monteiro-Oliveira ◽  
Rebeca B. M. Cavalcante ◽  
Daniel B. Santos ◽  
Anelise Sonza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Consistent independent associations between lowserum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and susceptibilityto acute respiratory tract infections have suggested apossible involvement of vitamin D in reducing the risk ofrespiratory infections and proposing its replacement as apotential strategy for prevention or treatment in this context.However, the role of vitamin D supplementation in theinfection by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 isstill under investigation and no clinical evidence has beenreported to date. Methods: Electronic searches in Pubmed,Embase and Scopus databases were conducted and threecohort studies that analyzed the effects of interaction ofvitamin D with COVID-19, published only in English, wereincluded. Two reviewers, which independently examinedtitles and abstracts, identified records through database searchand reference screening and irrelevant studies were excludedbased in eligibility criteria. Relevant full texts were analyzedfor eligibility, and all relevant studies were included in thesystematic review. Results: Three cohort studies were includedin this systematic review with a mean methodologicalquality low. Only one study demonstrated interaction of lowvitamin D concentration in patients with a positive diagnosisfor COVID-19. Randomized clinical trials and studies of goodmethodological quality are necessary to confirm the findingsof this systematic review. Conclusions: This systematic reviewhas not demonstrated consistent associations between lowlevels of vitamin D and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.Further studies on vitamin D supplementation for the preventionof COVID-19 infection should be conducted..

An exploration of the role of exercise in modulating breast cancer progression in vitro (a systematic review and meta-analysis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Juliet Brown ◽  
Mhairi A. Morris ◽  
Elizabeth C. Akam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. In the UK, approximately 5% of all breast cancers are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. An abundance of literature shows exercise can have beneficial effects on the outcome and prognosis of breast cancer patients, yet the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. There are several in vitro models that aim to recapitulate the response of breast cancer to exercise in vivo: this systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the existing literature. Methods: The following search terms were used to conduct a systematic literature search using a collection of databases (last search performed May 2020): 'in vitro' and 'exercise' and 'breast cancer'. Only studies that investigated the effects of exercise on breast cancer in vitro were included. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated to determine pooled effect sizes. Results: This meta-analysis has successfully demonstrated that various identified exercise interventions on breast cancer cells in vitro significantly reduced breast cancer cell viability, proliferation, and tumourigenic potential (SMD: -1.76, p = 0.004, SMD: -2.85, p = 0.003 and SMD: -3.15, p = 0.0008, respectively). A clear direction of effect was found with exercise on breast cancer cell migration in vitro, however this effect was not significant (SMD: -0.62, p = 0.317). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis and systematic review investigating and summarising literature on exercise and breast cancer in vitro, highlighting models used and priority areas for future research focus.

Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Ram Jat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

Studies related to vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children have inconsistent findings. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with LRTI, and to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the incidence and severity of LRTI. A total of 12 studies enrolling 2279 participants were included in our analysis. Children with LRTI were found to have significantly lower mean vitamin D levels as compared to controls There was likewise a correlation between vitamin D levels and incidence and severity of LRTI. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate effect of vitamin D supplementation for LRTI.

scholarly journals A systematic review of association between vitamin D levels and pre-eclampsia in pregnant womens - An old problem revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2910-2920
Author(s):  
Lata Kanyal Butola ◽  
Anjali Vagga ◽  
Ranjit Ambad ◽  
Deepika Kanyal ◽  
Jayshri Jankar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

The beneficial effects of sunlight in preventing bone-related disorders have been well-known for centuries. Vitamin D is a modified steroid, synthesised under the influence of sunlight in the skin. Low Vitamin D status has associated with a higher risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant womens. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of different studies investigating the association between Vitamin D levels and pre-eclampsia in pregnant womens. A systematic review was undertaken. MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar were searched. The review protocol was designed to answer the question. Search terms (Preeclampsia and Vitamin D or 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D). The search was confined to peer-reviewed articles that were published in English and contained an abstract. Reference list of journal articles were also screened for additional citations fitting our search criteria. Twenty-Seven studies were included in the systematic review that investigates the association between Vitamin D and pre-eclampsia. The present systematic review concludes that maternal vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is significantly associated with an elevated risk of preeclampsia. Pregnant womens should take vitamin D supplementation, expose themselves into the sunlight, and they should be physically active. Further taking Vitamin D supplementation in early pregnancy may be a simple way to reduce the risk of these adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN SCHOOLCHILDREN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Marcela Almeida LINDEN ◽  
Renata Germano Borges de Oliveira Nascimento FREITAS ◽  
Gabriel HESSEL ◽  
Denise Barbieri MARMO ◽  
Maria Ângela BELLOMO-BRANDÃO
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is being recognized as a pandemic due to the volume of people affected by the deficiency and the number of illnesses generated or stimulated by the deficiency. There is a lack of consensus in the literature on what is considered vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D]. OBJECTIVE: This review brings together the most common levels of 25(OH)D found in healthy schoolchildren and what is considered deficient. METHODS: This systematic review was based on the literature accessed from the electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE. The following descriptors were used in English, Portuguese and Spanish: “Vitamin D”; “Vitamin D deficiency”; “Nutritional Supplements” as well as all their synonyms. The meta-analysis was performed considering the random model. Inclusion criteria: healthy children aged 6 to 12 years, studies that had vitamin D levels, defined vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS: Of the 191 potentially eligible articles, only six articles were included, with 2618 students in total. The mean value of 25(OH)D was estimated at 18.11 ng/mL with 95% confidence interval. Among the articles found, three were considered deficiency levels below 20 ng/mL, one considered below 18 ng/mL, another below 15 ng/mL, and the latter below 11 ng/ mL. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the articles was 48.6%, 7%, 98%, 64.63%, 19.5%, 28.4%, according to each classification used by the same. CONCLUSION: The most common definition in the literature of 25(OH)D deficiency in schoolchildren was at levels below 20 ng/mL. No side effects have been reported in studies that used fortification and/or vitamin D supplementation. Daily supplementation is more effective than seasonal supplementation. However, more studies are needed to define what can be considered as optimal levels of 25(OH)D in children.

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