scholarly journals Cannabis Sativa Revisited—Crosstalk between microRNA Expression, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endocannabinoid Response System in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Raluca Dinu ◽  
Alexandru Florin Rogobete ◽  
Tiberiu Bratu ◽  
Sonia Elena Popovici ◽  
Ovidiu Horea Bedreag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Redox Activity

Critically ill patients with sepsis require a multidisciplinary approach, as this situation implies multiorgan distress, with most of the bodily biochemical and cellular systems being affected by the condition. Moreover, sepsis is characterized by a multitude of biochemical interactions and by dynamic changes of the immune system. At the moment, there is a gap in our understanding of the cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in sepsis. One of the systems intensely studied in recent years is the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as light was shed over a series of important interactions of cannabinoid receptors with biochemical pathways, specifically for sepsis. Furthermore, a series of important implications on inflammation and the immune system that are induced by the activity of cannabinoid receptors stimulated by the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have been noticed. One of the most important is their ability to reduce the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and the modulation of immune mechanisms. Different studies have reported that cannabinoids can reduce oxidative stress at mitochondrial and cellular levels. The aim of this review paper was to present, in detail, the important mechanisms modulated by the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as well as of the molecular and cellular links it has with sepsis. At the same time, we wish to present the possible implications of cannabinoids in the most important biological pathways involved in sepsis, such as inflammation, redox activity, immune system, and epigenetic expression.

scholarly journals Cannabis Sativa Revisited - Crosstalk between microRNAs Expression, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Endocannabinoid Response System in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Florin Rogobete ◽  
Tiberiu Bratu ◽  
Ovidiu Horea Bedreag ◽  
Marius Papurica ◽  
Sonia Elena Popovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
The Moment

Critically ill patients with sepsis require a multidisciplinary approach, as this situation implies multiorgan distress, with most of the bodily biochemical and cellular systems being affected by the condition. Moreover, sepsis is characterized by a multitude of biochemical interactions and by dynamic changes of the immune system. At the moment, there is a gap in our understanding of the cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in sepsis. One of the systems intensely studied in recent years is the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as light was shed over a series of important interactions of cannabinoid receptors with biochemical pathways, specifically for sepsis. Furthermore, a series of important implications on inflammation and the immune system that are induced by the activity of cannabinoid receptors stimulated by the delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol and cannabinol have been noticed. The aim of this review paper was to present, in detail, the important mechanisms modulated by the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as well as of the molecular and cellular links it has with sepsis. At the same time, we wish to present the possible implications of cannabinoids in the most important biological pathways involved in sepsis, such as inflammation, redox activity, immune system, and epigenetic expression.

Coronavirus disease 2019 in critically ill patients: can we re-program the immune system? A primer for Intensivists

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorenza Ferrari ◽  
Federico Visconti ◽  
Mara De Amici ◽  
Angelo Guglielmi ◽  
Costanza N. Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Real‐Time Energy Exposure Is Associated With Increased Oxidative Stress Among Feeding‐Tolerant Critically Ill Patients: Results From the FEDOX Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam McKeever ◽  
Sarah J. Peterson ◽  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Jaime Rizzie ◽  
Omar Lateef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients

Oxidative Stress in Critically Ill Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl Goodyear-Bruch ◽  
Janet D. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals

Oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in the development of disease in critically ill patients. Normally, oxygen free radicals are neutralized by antioxidants such as vitamin E or enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. However, in patients who require intensive care, oxygen free radicals become a problem when either a decrease in the removal or an overproduction of the radicals occurs. This oxidative stress and the damage due to it have been implicated in many diseases in critically ill patients. Many drugs and treatments now being investigated are directed toward preventing the damage from oxidative stress. The formation of reactive oxygen species, the damage caused by them, and the body’s defense system against them are reviewed. New interventions are described that may be used in critically ill patients to prevent or treat oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Emodin Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inhibiting the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β Pathway in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Wenzhou Liu ◽  
Li Ou ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Emodin is an active monomer extracted from rhubarb root, which has many biological functions, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anticancer, and neuroprotection. However, the protective effect of emodin on nerve injury needs to be further elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emodin on the neuroprotection and the special molecular mechanism. Here, the protective activity of emodin inhibiting H2O2-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation as well as its molecular mechanisms was examined using human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells). The results showed that emodin significantly enhanced cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis and LDH release. Simultaneously, emodin downregulated H2O2-induced inflammatory factors, including IL-6, NO, and TNF-α, and alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, emodin inhibited the activation of the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathway. What is more, the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β pathway participated in the protective mechanism of emodin on H2O2-induced cell damage. Collectively, it suggests that emodin alleviates H2O2-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation potentially by regulating the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathway.

scholarly journals REducing Deaths due to OXidative Stress (The REDOXS© Study): rationale and study design for a randomized trial of glutamine and antioxidant supplementation in critically-ill patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren K. Heyland ◽  
Rupinder Dhaliwal ◽  
Andrew G. Day ◽  
John Muscedere ◽  
John Drover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation

Critically-ill patients experience an extent of hyperinflammation, cellular immune dysfunction, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Supplementation with key nutrients, such as glutamine and antioxidants, is most likely to have a favourable effect on these physiological derangements, leading to an improvement in clinical outcomes. The results of two meta-analyses suggest that glutamine and antioxidants may be associated with improved survival. The purpose of the present paper is to report the background rationale and study protocol for the evaluation of the effect of high-dose glutamine and antioxidant supplementation on mortality in a large-scale randomized trial in 1200 mechanically-ventilated, critically-ill patients. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with clinical evidence of severe organ dysfunction will be randomized to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial design: (1) glutamine; (2) antioxidant therapy; (3) glutamine and antioxidant therapy; (4) placebo. The primary outcome for this study is 28 d mortality. The secondary outcomes are duration of stay in ICU, adjudicated diagnosis of infection, multiple organ dysfunction, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in hospital and health-related quality of life at 3 and 6 months. A novel design feature is the combined use of parenteral and enteral study nutrients dissociated from the nutrition support. The therapeutic strategies tested in the randomized trial may lead to less morbidity and improved survival in critically-ill patients. The trial will be conducted in approximately twenty tertiary-care ICU in Canada and the first results are expected in 2009.

scholarly journals Redox Changes Induced by General Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients with Multiple Traumas

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Papurica ◽  
Alexandru Florin Rogobete ◽  
Dorel Sandesc ◽  
Raluca Dumache ◽  
Radu Nartita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Polytrauma Patient ◽  
Multiple Traumas

The critically ill polytrauma patient is a constant challenge for the trauma team due to the complexity of the complications presented. Intense inflammatory response and infections, as well as multiple organ dysfunctions, significantly increase the rate of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Moreover, due to the physiological and biochemical imbalances present in this type of patients, the bioproduction of free radicals is significantly accelerated, thus installing the oxidative stress. In the therapeutic management of such patients, multiple surgical interventions are required and therefore they are being subjected to repeated general anesthesia. In this paper, we want to present the pathophysiological implications of oxidative stress in critically ill patients with multiple traumas and the implications of general anesthesia on the redox mechanisms of the cell. We also want to summarize the antioxidant treatments able to reduce the intensity of oxidative stress by modulating the biochemical activity of some cellular mechanisms.

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