scholarly journals MicroRNA Signatures as Future Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Diabetes States

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srividya Vasu ◽  
Kenjiro Kumano ◽  
Carly M. Darden ◽  
Irum Rahman ◽  
Michael C. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Diabetes results from the inability of pancreatic islets to maintain blood glucose concentrations within a normal physiological range. Clinical features are usually not observed until islets begin to fail and irreversible damage has occurred. Diabetes is generally diagnosed based on elevated glucose, which does not distinguish between type 1 and 2 diabetes. Thus, new diagnostic approaches are needed to detect different modes of diabetes before manifestation of disease. During prediabetes (pre-DM), islets undergo stress and release micro (mi) RNAs. Here, we review studies that have measured and tracked miRNAs in the blood for those with recent-onset or longstanding type 1 diabetes, obesity, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. We summarize the findings on miRNA signatures with the potential to stage progression of different modes of diabetes. Advances in identifying selective biomarker signatures may aid in early detection and classification of diabetic conditions and treatments to prevent and reverse diabetes.

scholarly journals Midterm Fate of the Contralateral Foot in Charcot Arthropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181-1189
Author(s):  
Felix W. A. Waibel ◽  
Martin C. Berli ◽  
Viviane Gratwohl ◽  
Kati Sairanen ◽  
Dominik Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Major Amputation ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Diabetes Type 1 ◽  
Charcot Arthropathy ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: The contralateral foot in Charcot arthropathy or neuroarthropathy (CN) is subject to increased plantar pressure. To date, the clinical consequences of this pressure elevation are yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate ulcer and amputation rates of the contralateral foot in CN. Methods: We abstracted the medical records of 130 consecutive subjects with unilateral CN. Rates of contralateral CN development and recurrence, contralateral ulcer development, and contralateral amputations were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors for contralateral CN and ulcer development, and contralateral amputation. Mean follow-up was 6.2 (SD 4) years. Results: After a mean of 2.5 years, 19.2% patients developed contralateral CN. Female gender was associated with contralateral CN development (odds ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 1.27, 7.7). Overall, 46.2% patients developed a contralateral ulcer. Among the patients who developed contralateral CN, 60% developed an ulcer. Sanders type 2 at the index foot (midfoot CN) was significantly associated with contralateral ulcer development. Ulcer-free survival (UFS) differed significantly between patients with diabetes type 1 (median UFS 5131 days) and patients with diabetes type 2 (median UFS 2158 days). A total of 25 amputations had to be performed in 22 (16.9%) patients. Three of those 22 patients (2.3%) needed major amputation. Conclusion: Almost 20% of patients developed contralateral CN. Nearly half of people with CN developed a contralateral foot ulceration. Patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly shorter UFS than patients with diabetes type 1. Every sixth patient needed an amputation, with the majority being minor amputations. The contralateral foot should be monitored closely and included in the treatment in patients with CN. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective study.

scholarly journals Nonspecific body reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on its type

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Olenovych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Diabetes Type 1 ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

According to the results of complex assessment of integral haematological coefficients the development of endogenous intoxication was revealed in case of diabetes mellitus, whose intensity depends on the type of the disease and causes immune system disorganization. The decrease of functional activity of specific immunity as well as nonspecific one in case of diabetes mellitus leads to deregulation of cellular and humoral reactions and depends on diabetes type: in diabetes type 1 the reduction of nonspecific immunoresistance is contributed by microphages, in diabetes type 2 – by macrophages, accompanied by the deficiency of specific immune defense, reliably more significant in diabetes type 2.

scholarly journals Predicting and Staging Chronic Kidney Disease of Diabetes (Type-2) Patient using Machine Learning Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Negative Impacts

Mortality because of unending kidney disease increments essentially in recent years. Nowadays, about 422 million patients are suffering from diabetes among them around 30 percent of patients with Type 1 (adolescent beginning) diabetes and around 10 to 40 percent of those with Type 2 (grown-up beginning) diabetes in the end will experience the negative impacts of kidney damage. It is evident, that early detection of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can mitigate the level of damage in the adulthood. In this paper, we have presented a comparative analysis based on the performance of five different algorithms-Naive Bayes (NB), In-stance Based Learning (IBK), Random Forest (RF), Decision Stump (DS) and Decision Tree (J48) for predicting CKD of diabetes patients only by urine test. Among all the algorithms the IBK gives the best result. Our comparison of different algorithms will help people with diabetes to find out if they are having CKD or not.

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